https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa48864/Download/0048864-07032019141310.pdf

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

Membrane fouling in desalination and its mitigation strategies

Membrane fouling, which arises from the nonspecific interaction between the membrane surface and foulants, significantly impedes the efficient application of membrane technology. Antifouling and antimicrobial materials are important classes of functional materials for the surface modification of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes. Applications of various organic and inorganic materials having different characteristics such as size, surface charge, hydrophilicity, functionality and biocidal activity, provide protective/sacrificial layers to the membrane surface against different foulants and microorganisms. This review summarizes the properties and applications of organic and inorganic materials, antifouling mechanisms, and surface modification of pre-formed membranes. Materials such as zwitterionic polymers, neutral polymers, polyelectrolytes, amphiphilic polymers, quaternary ammonium polymers, biopolymers, hydrophilic polymers, polydopamine, inorganic salts, and nanomaterials have shown great potential in reducing foulant adhesion and/or proliferative microbial growth on membrane surfaces.

Antifouling, fouling release and antimicrobial materials for surface modification of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes

https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa45485/Download/0045485-16112018140551.pdf

Reverse osmosis pretreatment technologies and future trends: A comprehensive review

Ceramic nanocomposite membranes and membrane fouling: A review.

A review of reverse osmosis membrane fouling and control strategies

Although there are some review papers on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), hardly any of these reviews are focused on the role of CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in accelerating carbon neutrality in China. In this review, strategies to achieve carbon neutrality is briefly but critically discussed, followed by a review of CO2-EOR as a promising technology. Especially, data analysis, including the number of publications on China's carbon neutrality, per capita CO2 emissions, China's power generation, and the crude oil production of China's large oilfields, is carried out to make the discussion more comprehensive. Given the large amount of coal consumed in China, the high percent of electricity generated with coal, and the slow penetration of renewables already observed, it seems unlikely that 2060 targets will be met without CCUS. In order to achieve carbon neutrality, both reduction in carbon emissions and increase in carbon sequestration are inevitable. Furthermore, it is concluded that CO2 storage through EOR is likely to have a bright future. However, there are some critical issues to be solved, including the technical issues, leakage and safety issues, cost issues, policy issues, etc. In order to turn CO2-EOR into a reliable and more favorable technology, more research and efforts are needed to solve these issues, including advancing carbon capture technologies, improving storage technologies, developing effective monitoring technologies, deploying government support and incentive policies, etc. 

A state-of-art review of CO2 enhanced oil recovery as a promising technology to achieve carbon neutrality in China.

Due to low cost and easy handling during sampling and extraction, passive air samplers (PASs) using polyurethane foam (PUF) as a sorbent have become the most commonly deployed PASs for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). However, depending on the scenario, PUF-PAS may not always be operating in the linear uptake phase, which implies the need to consider how temperature, wind speed, deployment length and chemical properties interact to determine the amount of a target chemical taken up and the fraction of a depuration compound (DC) being lost during deployment. Guidance is, therefore, necessary to quantitatively interpret curvi-linear uptake in the PUF-PAS and avoid selection of DCs unsuited to the deployment conditions. In this study, the PAS-SIM model is used to generate graphical tools that aid in addressing important questions frequently arising during the use of PUF-PASs. Specifically, we generated five charts that display (i) the inherent sampling rate as a function of wind speed and a chemical's molecular diffusivity, (ii) the length of the linear uptake period as a function of chemical properties, temperature and the acceptable deviation from linearity, (iii) the time to 95% equilibrium as influenced by chemical properties, temperature and wind speed, (iv) the dependence of the fractional loss of DCs on chemical properties, temperature, wind speed and deployment length, and (v) the influence of chemical properties, temperature and the total suspended particle concentration on the extent of sorption to atmospheric particles. The charts also facilitate the assessment of the influence of parameter uncertainty. It is hoped that these charts assist with planning and interpreting sampling campaigns based on a mechanistic and quantitative understanding of uptake in PUF-based PASs.

/pdf/graphical-tools-for-the-planning-and-interpretation-of-1blia5dw.pdf

Graphical tools for the planning and interpretation of polyurethane foam based passive air sampling campaigns.

The use of passive air samplers (PAS) for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) continues to expand. To advance quantitative understanding of uptake kinetics, we calibrated the XAD-PAS, using a styrene-divinylbenzene sorbent, through a year-long side-by-side deployment with an active sampler. Twelve XAD-PASs, deployed in June 2020, were retrieved at 4-week intervals, while gas phase SVOCs were quantified in 48 consecutive week-long active samples taken from June 2020 to May 2021. Consistent with XAD's high uptake capacity, even relatively volatile SVOCs, such as hexachlorobutadiene, displayed linear uptake throughout the entire deployment. Sampling rates (SRs) range between 0.1 and 0.6 m3 day-1 for 26 SVOCs, including brominated flame retardants, organophosphate esters, and halogenated methoxylated benzenes. SRs are compared with experimental SRs reported previously. The ability of the existing mechanistic uptake model PAS-SIM to reproduce the observed uptake and SRs was evaluated. Agreement between simulated and measured uptake curves was reasonable but varied with compound volatility and the assumed stagnant air layer boundary thickness. Even though PAS-SIM succeeds in predicting the SR range for the studied SVOCs, it fails to capture the volatility dependence of the SR by underestimating the length of the linear uptake period and by failing to consider the kinetics of sorption.

Yuening Li

Papers

A review of reverse osmosis membrane fouling and control strategies

A state-of-art review of CO2 enhanced oil recovery as a promising technology to achieve carbon neutrality in China.

Graphical tools for the planning and interpretation of polyurethane foam based passive air sampling campaigns.

Field Calibration and PAS-SIM Model Evaluation of the XAD-Based Passive Air Sampler for Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds.

Potential Use of Wastewater from Passenger Ships to Estimate the Import Rate of COVID-19 and Other Viruses Across Maritime International Boundaries