Artificial intelligence (AI) is a discipline that studies whether and how intelligent computer systems that can simulate the capacity and behaviour of human thought can be created [...].

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/19/11907/pdf?version=1663743760

Artificial Intelligence in Public Health: Current Trends and Future Possibilities

Detecting cancer biomarkers (e.g., circulating tumor cells, extracellular vehicles, nucleic acids, and protein biomarkers) is vital for risk assessment and early diagnosis. Nanomaterial-based microfluidic devices have recently demonstrated great potential in fast, sensitive, selective detection of cancer biomarkers. This review aims to summarize the advances in a wide range of microfluidic systems for cancer biomarker detection incorporating different dimensional nanomaterials, namely zero-dimensional (e.g., metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and quantum dots), one-dimensional (e.g., carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowires, zinc oxide nanowires/nanorods), two-dimensional (e.g., graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides nanosheets) and three-dimensional (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and nanocomposites). The characteristics and functions of various nanomaterials are overviewed, and recent applications of nanomaterial-based microfluidics in liquid biopsy are highlighted. Current challenges and future perspectives are also presented. Overall, nanomaterial-based microfluidic devices provide powerful tools for cancer biomarker detection and are expected to experience pronounced development in cancer diagnostics and bioanalysis research. 

Nanomaterial-based microfluidic systems for cancer biomarker detection: Recent applications and future perspectives

/pdf/recent-trends-in-sers-based-plasmonic-sensors-for-disease-26pgi1lu.pdf

Recent Trends in SERS-Based Plasmonic Sensors for Disease Diagnostics, Biomolecules Detection, and Machine Learning Techniques

Amphetamine (AMP), as a psychiatric drug acting on the central nervous system, and has become one of the most common drugs of abuse in the illegal market at present, which adversely affects social public safety. We developed a SERS magnetic immunoassay with high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid and quantitative detection of AMP. We synthesized a high SERS intensity substrate (Au-XP013@Ag) using the "hot spot" effect and combined it with antibodies to form SERS immunotags (Au-XP013@Ag-AMP-mAb). Subsequently, the carboxyl magnetic beads were linked to label antigens as functional magnetic beads (carboxyl magnetic beads-AMP-BSA). Using the principle of competitive immunoassay, the Raman response value of the immune complex formed with SERS tags and functional magnetic beads was detected to realize the quantitative detection of AMP. The detection limit of this method for AMP was 2.28 ng mL-1. More importantly, a portable Raman instrument was used in this study, which can meet the requirements of point-of-care testing (POCT). Therefore, this SERS-based magnetic immunoassay can provide a favorable scientific basis for the control of drug abuse, monitoring by law enforcement agencies, and determination of drug users.

Rapid and sensitive detection of amphetamine by SERS-based competitive immunoassay coupled with magnetic separation.

A Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Biosensor Fabricated Using the Electrodeposition Method for Ultrasensitive Detection of Amino Acid Histidine

The incidence of stroke and the burden on health care and society are expected to increase significantly in the coming years, due to the increasing aging of the population. Various sensory, motor, cognitive and psychological disorders may remain in the patient after survival from a stroke. In hemiplegic patients with movement disorders, the impairment of upper limb function, especially hand function, dramatically limits the ability of patients to perform activities of daily living (ADL). Therefore, one of the essential goals of post-stroke rehabilitation is to restore hand function. The recovery of motor function is achieved chiefly through compensatory strategies, such as hand rehabilitation robots, which have been available since the end of the last century. This paper reviews the current research status of hand function rehabilitation devices based on various types of hand motion recognition technologies and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, reviews the application of artificial intelligence in hand rehabilitation robots, and summarizes the current research limitations and discusses future research directions.

/pdf/a-review-of-hand-function-rehabilitation-systems-based-on-3jojsusc.pdf

A Review of Hand Function Rehabilitation Systems Based on Hand Motion Recognition Devices and Artificial Intelligence

Human papillomavirus E7 protein (HPV-E7) and osteopontin (OPN) have been established as critical biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. However, it is currently lacking in highly sensitive and...

A novel SERS biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of HPV-E7 and OPN based on a cascade signal amplification strategy of catalytic hairpin assembly and hybridization chain reaction

Pump-free microfluidic chip based laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma-related microRNAs detection through the combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering techniques and catalytic hairpin assembly amplification.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an ideal biomarker for cancer diagnosis based on liquid biopsy, so there is an urgent need for developing an efficient, rapid, and ultrasensitive detection method to meet clinical needs. In this paper, a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microfluidic chip combined with a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) was proposed to detect two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-related ctDNA (TP53 and PIK3CA-Q546K) simultaneously. The chip consists of six channels for parallel detection. In the reaction region, the CHA reaction between HP1 of the SERS probe and HP2 of the capture substrate was triggered by ctDNAs to form HP1-HP2 duplexes. As the reaction proceeds, more and more SERS probes are captured on the substrate. The gathered reaction products continuously form a lot of hot spots, which greatly enhance the SERS signal. This reaction was completed within 5 minutes. Through this method, the detection limits of TP53 and PIK3CA-Q546K in human serum were as low as 2.26 aM and 2.34 aM, respectively. The microfluidic chip also exhibited high specificity, reproducibility and stability. The clinical feasibility of the SERS microfluidic chip was verified by analyzing the serum samples of healthy subjects and NSCLC patients. The reliability of the experimental results was verified by the qRT-PCR test. The constructed SERS-based analytical micro-platform has great potential in dynamic monitoring of cancer staging and could be used as a clinical tool for early cancer screening.

Highly sensitive and simultaneous detection of ctDNAs related to non-small cell lung cancer in serum using a catalytic hairpin assembly strategy in a SERS microfluidic chip.

Yuexing Gu

Papers

A Review of Hand Function Rehabilitation Systems Based on Hand Motion Recognition Devices and Artificial Intelligence

A novel SERS biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of HPV-E7 and OPN based on a cascade signal amplification strategy of catalytic hairpin assembly and hybridization chain reaction

Pump-free microfluidic chip based laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma-related microRNAs detection through the combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering techniques and catalytic hairpin assembly amplification.

Highly sensitive and simultaneous detection of ctDNAs related to non-small cell lung cancer in serum using a catalytic hairpin assembly strategy in a SERS microfluidic chip.

A microfluidic chip using Au@SiO2 array–based highly SERS-active substrates for ultrasensitive detection of dual cervical cancer–related biomarkers