Objective: To examine the costs and cost effectiveness of telehealth in addition to standard support and treatment, compared with standard support and treatment. Design: Economic evaluation nested in a pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting: Community based telehealth intervention in three local authority areas in England. Participants: 3230 people with a long term condition (heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or diabetes) were recruited into the Whole Systems Demonstrator telehealth trial between May 2008 and December 2009. Of participants taking part in the Whole Systems Demonstrator telehealth questionnaire study examining acceptability, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness, 845 were randomised to telehealth and 728 to usual care. Interventions: Intervention participants received a package of telehealth equipment and monitoring services for 12 months, in addition to the standard health and social care services available in their area. Controls received usual health and social care. Main outcome measure: Primary outcome for the cost effectiveness analysis was incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Results: We undertook net benefit analyses of costs and outcomes for 965 patients (534 receiving telehealth; 431 usual care). The adjusted mean difference in QALY gain between groups at 12 months was 0.012. Total health and social care costs (including direct costs of the intervention) for the three months before 12 month interview were £1390 (€1610; $2150) and £1596 for the usual care and telehealth groups, respectively. Cost effectiveness acceptability curves were generated to examine decision uncertainty in the analysis surrounding the value of the cost effectiveness threshold. The incremental cost per QALY of telehealth when added to usual care was £92 000. With this amount, the probability of cost effectiveness was low (11% at willingness to pay threshold of £30 000; >50% only if the threshold exceeded about £90 000). In sensitivity analyses, telehealth costs remained slightly (non-significantly) higher than usual care costs, even after assuming that equipment prices fell by 80% or telehealth services operated at maximum capacity. However, the most optimistic scenario (combining reduced equipment prices with maximum operating capacity) eliminated this group difference (cost effectiveness ratio £12 000 per QALY). Conclusions: The QALY gain by patients using telehealth in addition to usual care was similar to that by patients receiving usual care only, and total costs associated with the telehealth intervention were higher. Telehealth does not seem to be a cost effective addition to standard support and treatment.

Cost effectiveness of telehealth for patients with long term conditions (Whole Systems Demonstrator telehealth questionnaire study): nested economic evaluation in a pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial

J Organ Behav. 2019;40:779–782. Summary In our introduction to this special issue on understanding knowledge hiding in organizations, we provide some context to how andwhy this phenomenon should be studied. We then describe the five articles that comprise the special issue, and we note some common themes and divergences in this collection. Our introduction concludes with some suggestions for future research on knowledge hiding in organizations.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/job.2407

Understanding Knowledge Hiding in Organizations

The significance of managing and sharing employee knowledge for successful organizational change, innovation, and for sustainable advantage has indeed been suggested by research since the last few decades. Despite numerous attempts to foster the sharing of knowledge in organizations, employees may not always be willing to share knowledge attributed due to personal beliefs or situational constraints leading to hiding of knowledge. This article provides a theoretical basis by identifying and illustrating the present and the possible myriad of knowledge hiding (KH) events by employees within organizations.,Drawing literature from numerous sources, this paper adopts synthesis and provides a review of the literature and proposes framework.,This paper identifies six broad drivers which may lead to KH, including: driven by situation explain the reason for unintentional hiding as a result of performance and competition leads to individual to have a motive to hide knowledge, driven by psychological ownership leads to controlled hiding, driven by hostility and abuse by employees or managers leads to victimized hiding and lastly driven by identity and norms leads to favoured hiding. Furthermore, this study uncovers three potential future events, which need managerial attention: negative reciprocity, influenced disengagement and perceived disengagement.,This paper also offers new insights to managers to understand the present events and foresee the possible reasons about the KH behaviour and how they can strategize to reduce these events and undergo organizational change.

/pdf/why-should-i-share-knowledge-with-others-a-review-based-2topgufea7.pdf

Why should I share knowledge with others? A review-based framework on events leading to knowledge hiding

Smart materials offer a significant role in on our lives covering various sensing and actuation applications in healthcare due to their responsivity to external stimuli such as stress, light, temperature, moisture or pH, and electric or magnetic fields. These materials are also suitable for harvesting biomechanical energies from human motions, environment or body heat, or shaping of biofuel powered devices. This will open up the horizon for nanoenergy nanosystems that can themselves act as self-powered sensors or be utilized as power sources for other integrated transducers. This paper, gives an insight to the state-of-the-art micro/nano-systems that are proposed for implantable and wearable diagnostic, therapeutic and treatment applications. The unique property of these systems apart from the flexibility or conformability of the transducers (i.e. sensors and actuators) and the uniqueness of their building materials, is their integration with various types of energy harvesters that makes the whole system self-sustained or battery-free. The incorporation of these self-sustained systems into information technology affecting smart healthcare in significant ways.

Smart materials for smart healthcare– moving from sensors and actuators to self-sustained nanoenergy nanosystems

The crucial role of knowledge sharing in an organization has become even more crucial lately, resulting in garnering more attention by scholars. In reality, while several organizations expect their employees to share knowledge with colleagues actively, many choose to hide their knowledge when asked for help. This study aims to explore whether negative workplace gossip (NWG) affects employee knowledge hiding (KH), as well as analyzes whether relational identification (RI) and interpersonal trust (IT) play a chain mediating role between the two, and discusses whether forgiveness climate (FC) could be used as a boundary condition in the relationships mentioned above.,Based on the conservation of resource (COR) theory and the cognitive–affective personality system (CAPS) theory, the authors surveyed 326 employees in China at 2 time-points and explored the correlation between NWG and KH, as well as the underlying mechanism. Using confirmatory factor analysis, bootstrapping method and structural equation model, the authors validated the research hypotheses.,The findings revealed the following: NWG negatively correlates with KH; RI and IT play a mediation role between NWG and KH, respectively, and both variables also play a chain mediation role in the relationship mentioned above; and FC moderates the negative impact of NWG on RI, further moderating the chain mediation between RI and IT and between NWG and KH.,First, this study established the correlation between NWG and KH, as well as analyzed the internal mechanism between the two. Besides, this study adds to scholars’ understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which these effects could occur. Second, this study demonstrated the moderating effect of FC – a situational feature that has been neglected in previous studies. Furthermore, this study can not only complement the situational factors ignored in previous studies but also broaden the application scope of CAPS. Finally, this study effectively combines COR and CAPS, which provides a basis for the application of these two theories in the future.

Gossip is a fearful thing: the impact of negative workplace gossip on knowledge hiding

https://research.tees.ac.uk/ws/files/9950215/JBR_KH_accepted.pdf

The social-psychological approach in understanding knowledge hiding within international R&D teams: An inductive analysis

With the development of big data technology, such as data mining and data matching, many industries have started a revolution, including medical field. Big data not only strengthens the accuracy of medical diagnosis, but it also enhances the efficiency of the entire medical system and relevant medical staff. Additionally, with the rethinking of innovation, the application of wearable intelligent device, RFID technology and sensor technology play positive roles in promoting medical interaction between hospital system and wearer. Smart medical provides effective methods for individual health management and promotes the progress of medical information. However, there are also some inevitable ethical problems, e.g., the leakage of privacy information, which cannot be avoided to some extents. The authors recommend some suggestions to reduce the possibilities of ethical problems happened during the data flow process.

/pdf/the-contemporary-ethical-and-privacy-issues-of-smart-medical-kvcky8mpbm.pdf

The Contemporary Ethical and Privacy Issues of Smart Medical Fields

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, the medical field has begun to use this technology to better serve the society. The users’ data can be accurately collected and analyzed, and people can get the same quality of medical services without shuttling back and forth between hospitals and their homes. Smart healthcare not only reduces the social burden, but it also lowers the financial burden on end users. However, the collection and upload of massive data still have concerning data security risk, which may lead to various ethical problems and endanger the vital interests of users. By analyzing the causes of ethical issues, we can provide suggestions on what actions users and developers should take and the role that governments play. How to balance the user experiences and ethical security is always a hot topic. In this paper, we present our review and recommendations to balance both the use of IoT technologies, smart healthcare and ethics for delivering smart medical services.

Smart Healthcare and Ethical Issues.

Two research questions are identified and discussed. Relevant factors that influence the customer preferences were selected as research objects, data collection was based on 348 valid questionnaires, SPSS software was used for data analysis by the means of the multivariate logistic research model. Customer intentions include delivery payment, delivery time, food quality and brand trust. Customer reviews are related to customer preferences. The delivery payment is the most important factor when customers use food delivery service, but different groups of people have different tendency compared with their counterparts. All variables are designed based on baseline categories; the outcome of the model is only significant while comparing two groups of variables. Multivariate logistic research model is used to find customer preferences under the different characteristic of customer groups based on questionnaires and tries to forecast the possibility of the tendency of one targeting customer group in Suzhou Industrial Park. This research conduct a questionnaire on the Suzhou industry park, the respondents are mainly students and white collars customers, the characteristics of respondents are typical in this area.

/pdf/customers-intention-towards-o2o-food-delivery-service-under-3xcgsgeyj8.pdf

Customers' intention towards O2O food delivery service under the different characteristic of customer group – a case study of Suzhou Industrial Park

Big data technology has brought about the establishment of transportation network companies (TNCs), such as Uber in the USA, and Didi in China, who provide the ride hailing services (RHS's) which allows the individuals to act as independent contractors serving customers via a smartphone app. The RHS system installed gigantic databases which can store enormous data and its equipment can collect various kinds of data at any time. Additionally, data analysis technologies in TNCs such as behavioral analysis, heatmap optimization surge pricing and the automatic order assignment mechanisms, can make the RHS more efficient. However, along with achievements big data technology offers, we are struggling towards the ethical problems, including privacy, inequity and safety.

/pdf/contemporary-issues-in-the-ethics-of-data-analytics-in-ride-2butrcch1c.pdf

Yujie Shi

Papers

The social-psychological approach in understanding knowledge hiding within international R&D teams: An inductive analysis

The Contemporary Ethical and Privacy Issues of Smart Medical Fields

Smart Healthcare and Ethical Issues.

Customers' intention towards O2O food delivery service under the different characteristic of customer group – a case study of Suzhou Industrial Park

Contemporary Issues in the Ethics of Data Analytics in Ride-Hailing Service