Metastable pitting corrosion behavior of laser powder bed fusion produced Ti-6Al-4V in Hank’s solution

Effect of cold deformation on corrosion behavior of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel bipolar plates in a simulated environment for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

• Microstructure of the alloys is more sensitive to Nb rather than Ta. A slight difference in Nb content will affect the morphology of martensite and even induce ω phase transformation, resulting in completely different mechanical responses of the alloy. • The as-cast Ti-3Nb-13Ta-2Zr alloy shows the highest compressive strength (227 ±10 MPa), and compressive strain (74.3% ± 0.4%). • Nb and Ta content strongly affects Young's modulus and tensile properties of the alloys after rolling. The as-rolled Ti-3Nb-13Ta-2Zr alloy exhibits much lower modulus due to lower Nb content as well as more α"-martensite and β-phase, and a good combination of low modulus and high strength among all the designed alloys. Biomedical β-phase Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloys usually exhibit low elastic modulus with inadequate strength. In the present work, a series of newly developed dual-phase Ti- x Nb- y Ta-2Zr (wt.%) alloys with high performance were investigated in which the stability of β-phase was reduced under the guidelines of ab initio calculations and d-electronic theory. The effects of Nb and Ta contents on the microstructure, compressive and tensile properties were investigated. Results demonstrate that the designed Ti- x Nb- y Ta-2Zr alloys exhibit typical characteristics of α+β dual-phase microstructure. The microstructure of the alloys is more sensitive to Nb rather than Ta. The as-cast alloys exhibit needle-like α′ martensite at a lower Nb content of 3 wt.% and lamellar α′ martensite at an Nb content of 5 wt.%. Among the alloys, the Ti-3Nb-13Ta-2Zr alloy shows the highest compressive strength (2270 ± 10 MPa) and compressive strain (74.3% ± 0.4%). This superior performance is due to the combination of α+β dual-phase microstructure and stress-induced α" martensite. Besides, lattice distortion caused by Ta element also contributes to the compressive properties. Nb and Ta contents of the alloys strongly affect Young's modulus and tensile properties after rolling. The as-rolled Ti-3Nb-13Ta-2Zr alloy exhibits much lower modulus due to lower Nb content as well as more α" martensite and β phase with a good combination of low modulus and high strength among all the designed alloys. Atom probe tomography analysis reveals the element partitioning between the α and β phases in which Ta concentration is higher than Nb in the α phase. Also, the concentration of Ta is lower than that of Nb in the β phase, indicating that the β-stability of Nb is higher than that of Ta. This work proposes modern α+β dual-phase Ti- x Nb- y Ta-2Zr alloys as a new concept to design novel biomedical Ti alloys with high performance. 

Microstructure evolution and deformation mechanism of α+ β dual-phase Ti-xNb-yTa-2Zr alloys with high performance

High precision lattice structure (LS) shows great potential applications in aerospace, acoustic, biomedical, and wearable products due to its multifunctional characteristics and excellent mechanical properties. Inspired by lightweight, high-strength, and high-stability glass sponges (GSs), a unique circle-/grid-like heterogeneous glass sponge lattice structure (GSLS) was successfully designed and manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) with Ti6Al4V alloy. Compared with the commonly used body-centred cubic (BCC), face-centred cubic (FCC), honeycomb and diamond LSs, GSLS displays the strongest compressive properties (E = 1560 MPa, σmax = 40 MPa, σy0.2 = 34 MPa, W = 5.95 J). The normalised elastic modulus and normalised compressive strength of GSLS are almost 1.4 and 1.3 times, 2.6 and 2.4 times, 2.7 and 3.5 times, 18 and 8.3 than that of FCC, BCC, honeycomb, and diamond LSs, respectively. Most importantly, unlike the 45° diagonal shear failure of homogeneous BCC and FCC, the FEA simulation reveals that the heterogeneous unit cell in GSLS can enhance the strut connectivity, disperse the stress, and exhibits a unique fracture mechanism of cell-after-cell and layer-by-layer. The fracture mechanism of GSLS can improve the load-bearing capability, maintain strength, and protect its interior and entire integrity during compression. 

Compressive Performance and Fracture Mechanism of Bio-inspired Heterogeneous Glass Sponge Lattice Structures Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Metastable pitting corrosion behavior and characteristics of passive film of laser powder bed fusion produced Ti–6Al–4V in NaCl solutions with different concentrations

Lattice structures, which are also known as architected cellular structures, have been applied in various industrial sectors, owing to their fascinated performances, such as low elastic modulus, high stiffness-to-weight ratio, low thermal expansion coefficient, and large specific surface area. The lattice structures fabricated by conventional manufacturing technologies always involve complicated process control, additional assembly steps, or other uncontrollable factors. Furthermore, limited types of unit cells can be used to construct lattice structures when using conventional processes. Fortunately, additive manufacturing technology, based on a layer-by-layer process from computer-aided design models, demonstrates the unique capability and flexibility and provides an ideal platform in manufacturing complex components like lattice structures, resulting in an effective reduction in the processing time to actual application and minimum of material waste. Therefore, additive manufacturing relieves the constraint of structure design and provides accurate fabrication for lattice structures with good quality. This work systematically presents an overview of conventional manufacturing methods and novel additive manufacturing technologies for metallic lattice structures. Afterward, the design, optimization, a variety of properties, and applications of metallic lattice structures produced by additive manufacturing are elaborated. By summarizing state-of-the-art progress of the additively manufactured metallic lattice structures, limitations and future perspectives are also discussed.

Yujing Liu

Papers

Additive manufacturing of metallic lattice structures: Unconstrained design, accurate fabrication, fascinated performances, and challenges