Phosphorus-containing flame retardant epoxy thermosets: Recent advances and future perspectives

A comprehensive review on green synthesis of nature-inspired metal nanoparticles: Mechanism, application and toxicity

Natural-sourced benzoxazine resins, homopolymers, blends and composites: A review of their synthesis, manufacturing and applications

Advances in sustainable thermosetting resins: From renewable feedstock to high performance and recyclability

A DOPO-based phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant bio-based epoxy resin from diphenolic acid: Synthesis, flame-retardant behavior and mechanism

Epoxy resins with high thermal and mechanical performance as well as good resistance to fire are difficult to synthesize. In this work, a high-performance intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of daidzein (DGED)) was synthesized from renewable daidzein using an efficient one-step process, without the addition of additional flame retardants. The structure of DGED was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR before it was cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). A commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) was cured with the same curing agent. Results indicated that the cured DGED/DDM system possessed glass transition temperature (Tg) of up to 205 °C (172 °C for DGEBA/DDM), and tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of 83, 2972, 131, and 2980 MPa, respectively, all much higher than those of cured DGEBA/DDM. The cured DGED/DDM system demonstrated excellent flame-retardant properties, showing a residual char of 4...

High-Performing and Fire-Resistant Biobased Epoxy Resin from Renewable Sources

With the purpose to obtain an eco-friendly flame retardant for epoxy resin, a facile method for the synthesis of a bio-based epoxy monomer containing DOPO units (DGEBDB) from lignin-derived vanillin and guaiacol, was presented in this work. During the synthesis process, guaiacol acted as both reactant and solvent. And it could be recycled in situ and re-used as the fresh one. In order to evaluate the flame retardancy of DGEBDB, it was mixed with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and cured with 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). Results showed that, DGEBDB demonstrated a good compatibility with DGEBA, and the mechanical properties of cured resins were obviously improved with the addition of DGEBDB. As expected, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of cured resin reached 30.2% with the content of phosphorus only 0.67 wt%, in which the weight ratio between DGEBDB and DGEBA was 1:9 (B1D9/DDM). When the weight ratio of DGEBDB to DGEBA was further increased to 2:8 for the B2D8/DDM system, the UL-94 V-0 grade was achieved. Meanwhile, the mechanism of DGEBDB in improving the flame retardancy of cured resin was discussed and revealed. This easily available and eco-friendly DGEBDB was proved to be a highly efficient reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin.

Facile synthesis of bio-based reactive flame retardant from vanillin and guaiacol for epoxy resin

Nitrogen and oxygen-codoped carbon materials (NOPC-x and NOPC-bis-CN-x) have been prepared from biobased polybenzoxazines by a soft-template method. Subsequently, their textural properties and surf...

Biobased Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Codoped Carbon Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitor

A biobased benzoxazine resin (Dz-f) demonstrating excellent thermal properties was synthesized from daidzein and furfurylamine by using a microwave heating method. The chemical structure of synthesized benzoxazine monomer was identified by FTIR and NMR (1 H and 13 C NMR) before it was cured and its thermal properties evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TGA, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The cured resin p(Dz-f) exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg ) of 391 °C, a very high char yield of 68.7 %, and outstanding thermal stability; the Tg value obtained was the highest thermal stability value ever reported for polybenzoxazine with a high biobased content. Moreover, Dz-f demonstrated a satisfying processability, which was rare for the high-performance thermosetting resins. This work provided us with a new strategy for the preparation of high biocontent resins with excellent thermal properties. In addition, the combination of biobased feedstocks with a microwave-assisted heating method as well as the potential application of this approach in high-end fields might perpetuate remarkable progress towards the sustainable development of the polymeric industry.

Yunyan Peng

Papers

Advances in sustainable thermosetting resins: From renewable feedstock to high performance and recyclability

High-Performing and Fire-Resistant Biobased Epoxy Resin from Renewable Sources

Facile synthesis of bio-based reactive flame retardant from vanillin and guaiacol for epoxy resin

Biobased Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Codoped Carbon Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitor

Biobased Benzoxazine Derived from Daidzein and Furfurylamine: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Thermal Properties Investigation.