Showing papers by "Yuri Rabinovich published in 2019"

Approximation Algorithms for Low-Distortion Embeddings into Low-Dimensional Spaces

Abstract: We present several approximation algorithms for the problem of embedding metric spaces into a line, and into the 2-dimensional plane. Among other results, we give an $O(\sqrt{n})$-approximation alg...

Testing for forbidden order patterns in an array

Abstract: In this paper, we study testing of sequence properties that are defined by forbidden order patterns. A sequence f : {1, . . . , n} → ℝ of length n contains a pattern π ∈ 𝔖k (𝔖k is the group of permutations of k elements), iff there are indices i1 f(iy) whenever π(x) > π(y). If f does not contain π, we say f is π-free. For example, for π = (2, 1), the property of being π-free is equivalent to being non-decreasing, i.e. monotone. The property of being (k, k − 1, . . . , 1)-free is equivalent to the property of having a partition into at most k − 1 non-decreasing subsequences.Let π ∈ 𝔖k, k constant, be a (forbidden) pattern. Assuming f is stored in an array, we consider the property testing problem of distinguishing the case that f is π-free from the case that f differs in more than ϵn places from any π-free sequence. We show the following results: There is a clear dichotomy between the monotone patterns and the non-monotone ones:• For monotone patterns of length k, i.e., (k, k − 1, . . . , 1) and (1, 2, . . . , k), we design non-adaptive one-sided error ϵ-tests of (ϵ−1 log n)O(k2) query complexity.• For non-monotone patterns, we show that for any size-k non-monotone π, any non-adaptive one-sided error ϵ-test requires at least [EQUATION] queries. This general lower bound can be further strengthened for specific non-monotone k-length patterns to Ω(n1−2/(k+1)).On the other hand, there always exists a non-adaptive one-sided error ϵ-test for π ∈ 𝔖k with O(ϵ−1/kn1−1/k) query complexity. Again, this general upper bound can be further strengthened for specific non-monotone patterns. E.g., for π = (1, 3, 2), we describe an ϵ-test with (almost tight) query complexity of [EQUATION].Finally, we show that adaptivity can make a big difference in testing non-monotone patterns, and develop an adaptive algorithm that for any π ∈ 𝔖3, tests π-freeness by making (ϵ−1 log n)O(1) queries.For all algorithms presented here, the running times are linear in their query complexity.

Extremal hypercuts and shadows of simplicial complexes

Abstract: Let F be an n-vertex forest. An edge e ∉ F is said to be in F’s shadow if F ∪ {e} contains a cycle. It is easy to see that if F is an “almost tree”, i.e., a forest that contains two components, then its shadow contains at least $$\left\lfloor {\frac{{{{(n - 3)}^2}}}{4}} \right\rfloor $$ edges and this is tight. Equivalently, the largest number of edges in an n-vertex cut is $$\left\lfloor {\frac{{{n^2}}}{4}} \right\rfloor $$ . These notions have natural analogs in higher d-dimensional simplicial complexes which played a key role in several recent studies of random complexes. The higher-dimensional situation differs remarkably from the one-dimensional graph-theoretic case. In particular, the corresponding bounds depend on the underlying field of coefficients. In dimension d = 2 we derive the (tight) analogous theorems. We construct 2-dimensional “ℚ-almost-hypertrees” (defined below) with an empty shadow. We prove that an “ $$\mathbb{F}_2$$ -almost-hypertree” cannot have an empty shadow, and we determine its least possible size. We also construct large hyperforests whose shadow is empty over every field. For d ≥ 4 even, we construct a d-dimensional $$\mathbb{F}_2$$ -almost-hypertree whose shadow has vanishing density. Several intriguing open questions are mentioned as well.

Large Simple d-Cycles in Simplicial Complexes

Abstract: We show that the size of the largest simple d-cycle in a simplicial d-complex $K$ is at least a square root of $K$'s density. This generalizes a well-known classical result of Erd\H{o}s and Gallai \cite{EG59} for graphs. We use methods from matroid theory applied to combinatorial simplicial complexes.

On connectivity of the facet graphs of simplicial complexes

Abstract: The paper studies the connectivity properties of facet graphs of simplicial complexes of combinatorial interest. In particular, it is shown that the facet graphs of d-cycles, d-hypertrees and d-hypercuts are, respectively, (d +1)-, d-and (n − d − 1)-vertex-connected. It is also shown that the facet graph of a d-cycle cannot be split into more than s connected components by removing at most s vertices. In addition, the paper discusses various related issues, as well as an extension to cell-complexes.

Hamiltonian and Pseudo-Hamiltonian Cycles and Fillings In Simplicial Complexes

Abstract: We introduce and study a $d$-dimensional generalization of Hamiltonian cycles in graphs - the Hamiltonian $d$-cycles in $K_n^d$ (the complete simplicial $d$-complex over a vertex set of size $n$). Those are the simple $d$-cycles of a complete rank, or, equivalently, of size $1 + {{n-1} \choose d}$. The discussion is restricted to the fields $F_2$ and $Q$. For $d=2$, we characterize the $n$'s for which Hamiltonian $2$-cycles exist. For $d=3$ it is shown that Hamiltonian $3$-cycles exist for infinitely many $n$'s. In general, it is shown that there always exist simple $d$-cycles of size ${{n-1} \choose d} - O(n^{d-3})$. All the above results are constructive. Our approach naturally extends to (and in fact, involves) $d$-fillings, generalizing the notion of $T$-joins in graphs. Given a $(d-1)$-cycle $Z^{d-1} \in K_n^d$, ~$F$ is its $d$-filling if $\partial F = Z^{d-1}$. We call a $d$-filling Hamiltonian if it is acyclic and of a complete rank, or, equivalently, is of size ${{n-1} \choose d}$. If a Hamiltonian $d$-cycle $Z$ over $F_2$ contains a $d$-simplex $\sigma$, then $Z\setminus \sigma$ is a a Hamiltonian $d$-filling of $\partial \sigma$ (a closely related fact is also true for cycles over $Q$). Thus, the two notions are closely related. Most of the above results about Hamiltonian $d$-cycles hold for Hamiltonian $d$-fillings as well.