다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants.

/pdf/codata-recommended-values-of-the-fundamental-physical-4bsdant71c.pdf

CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006

Integrating the various embedded devices and systems in our environment enables an Internet of Things (IoT) for a smart city. The IoT will generate tremendous amount of data that can be leveraged for safety, efficiency, and infotainment applications and services for city residents. The management of this voluminous data through its lifecycle is fundamental to the realization of smart cities. Therefore, in contrast to existing surveys on smart cities we provide a data-centric perspective, describing the fundamental data management techniques employed to ensure consistency, interoperability, granularity, and reusability of the data generated by the underlying IoT for smart cities. Essentially, the data lifecycle in a smart city is dependent on tightly coupled data management with cross-cutting layers of data security and privacy, and supporting infrastructure. Therefore, we further identify techniques employed for data security and privacy, and discuss the networking and computing technologies that enable smart cities. We highlight the achievements in realizing various aspects of smart cities, present the lessons learned, and identify limitations and research challenges.

Smart Cities: A Survey on Data Management, Security, and Enabling Technologies

This paper summarizes the authors' recent pioneering research work in piezoceramic-based smart aggregates and their innovative applications in concrete civil structures. The basic operating principle of smart aggregates is first introduced. The proposed smart aggregate is formed by embedding a waterproof piezoelectric patch with lead wires into a small concrete block. The proposed smart aggregates are multi-functional and can perform three major tasks: early-age concrete strength monitoring, impact detection and structural health monitoring. The proposed smart aggregates are embedded into the desired location before the casting of the concrete structure. The concrete strength development is monitored by observing the high frequency harmonic wave response of the smart aggregate. Impact on the concrete structure is detected by observing the open-circuit voltage of the piezoceramic patch in the smart aggregate. For structural health monitoring purposes, a smart aggregate-based active sensing system is designed for the concrete structure. Wavelet packet analysis is used as a signal-processing tool to analyze the sensor signal. A damage index based on the wavelet packet analysis is used to determine the structural health status. To better describe the time-history and location information of damage, two types of damage index matrices are proposed: a sensor-history damage index matrix and an actuator–sensor damage index matrix. To demonstrate the multi-functionality of the proposed smart aggregates, different types of concrete structures have been used as test objects, including concrete bridge bent-caps, concrete cylinders and a concrete frame. Experimental results have verified the effectiveness and the multi-functionality of the proposed smart aggregates. The multi-functional smart aggregates have the potential to be applied to the comprehensive monitoring of concrete structures from their earliest stages and throughout their lifetime.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/17/3/033001/pdf

Smart aggregates: multi-functional sensors for concrete structures—a tutorial and a review

Vehicle system dynamics integration encompasses interdisciplinary challenges innovations in various aspects related to vehicle system/subsystems/components dynamic characteristics, modeling and validation, vehicle dynamics state measurement and estimation, vehicle/chassis control systems, coordination of power management and dynamics/stability control, etc [1-4]. These are becoming more critical due to the increasing concern and rapid development in electric and hybrid vehicles, which tend to exhibit different vehicle dynamics/stability and control characteristics when compared to conventional vehicles.

Mechanical systems and signal processing

A method is proposed for evaluating the dynamic response of force transducers to a step force. In the method, gravitational and inertial forces acting on an object, which is suddenly put on a force transducer under test, are used as the reference force. At the beginning of the evaluation, the object is suspended using a wire just above the transducer. The object is then made to fall on to the transducer by cutting the wire. To realize perpendicular motion with sufficiently small friction, a pneumatic linear bearing is used. The inertial force acting on the object is measured highly accurately by measuring the velocity of the mass using an optical interferometer.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/14/10/301/pdf

Proposal for a step response evaluation method for force transducers

A method for evaluating the dynamic response of force transducers against an oscillation force is proposed. In the method, a force transducer is connected to a mass by a spring, which generates the oscillating force after the mass is manually hit using a hammer. A pneumatic linear bearing is used to realize linear motion with sufficiently small friction acting on the mass, which is the moving part of the bearing. The inertial force acting on the mass is determined highly accurately by measuring the velocity of the mass using an optical interferometer.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/14/8/310/pdf

A method for calibrating force transducers against oscillation force

A method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of force transducers in impact detection is proposed. In this method a mass is made to collide with a force transducer and the impulse, i.e. the time integration of the impact force, is measured highly accurately as a change in momentum of the mass. To realize linear motion with a sufficiently low friction acting on the mass, the pneumatic linear bearing `Air-Slide' is used, and the velocity of the mass, the moving part of the bearing, is measured using an optical interferometer. This method will be effective for evaluating the dynamic characteristics and the uncertainties of force transducers in impact detection, and evaluating the uncertainty in applying the results of other conventional dynamic calibration methods to impact detection. The relative combined standard uncertainty in the measurement of the impulse acting on a force transducer by this method is estimated to be less than .

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/10/4/006/pdf

Proposal for an impulse response evaluation method for force transducers

A method for evaluating the components of the force acting on a moving part of a pneumatic linear bearing is proposed. The total force acting on the moving part is accurately measured as the inertial force using an optical interferometer. Then, the components of the force, such as the force component depending on position, the force component depending on velocity, and the force component depending on tilt angle, are evaluated using the least-squares method. In the experiment, the total force acting on the moving part is measured with the standard uncertainty of approximately 0.001 N, which corresponds to approximately 0.003% (30 ppm) of the gravitational force acting on it (M=4.119 kg) of approximately 40 N (40 N). The experimentally evaluated values of these force components well coincide with the theoretically expected values.

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Measurement of force acting on a moving part of a pneumatic linear bearing

A method for evaluating the viscoelasticity of materials under oscillation load is proposed. In the method, a material under test is connected to a mass, which generates an oscillating inertial force after the mass is manually struck using a hammer. A pneumatic linear bearing is used to realize linear motion with sufficiently small friction acting on the mass that is the moving part of the bearing. The inertial force acting on the mass is determined highly accurately by means of measuring the velocity of the mass using an optical interferometer.

/pdf/method-for-evaluating-material-viscoelasticity-1yog9dp84b.pdf

Yusaku Fujii

Papers

Proposal for a step response evaluation method for force transducers

A method for calibrating force transducers against oscillation force

Proposal for an impulse response evaluation method for force transducers

Measurement of force acting on a moving part of a pneumatic linear bearing

Method for evaluating material viscoelasticity