MEDICAL LITERATURE has been deluged during the past few years with books and papers on penicillin; but a book which has been produced under the general editorship of Sir Alexander Fleming himself represents a complete and authoritative summary of penicillin therapy as it stands today.' The book contains a series of independent contributions by \"experienced and eminent men who have worked with penicillin in Great Britain\". Their opinions and practical methods differ slightly, and there is some overlapping; but these are not disadvantageous, comparison and contrast lending interest to the reading. In the first or general section of the book Fleming contributes two chapters, one on the history and development of penicillin, introducing some interesting sidelights in the romance of discovery, the other on the bacteriological control of penicillin therapy. In both chapters the information is set out in meticulous detail and with a clarity and simplicity which can be enjoyed by all readers. Fleming also gives the right perspective to the place of penicillin amongst the antibiotics and lays down the principles of treatment. Both chapters are well illustrated and are the most outstanding in the book. Included in this first section also are chapters on the chemistry and manufacture of penicillin and its pharmacy, pharmacology and methods of administration. The second section of the book is entirely clinical, giving each author's view on the use of penicillin therapy in a disease or an infection of some particular region of the body. The entire range of peniCillin-sensitive conditions is considered in twenty authoritative and clearly written chapters; these contain many references and illustrations. Dental and veterinary diseases are also given fairly full consideration. The final section is a condensed resume of much of the preceding chapters and is written for. the general practttioner. This chapter is superttuous: it does not contain enough detall to be of much practical value. The book as a Whole, however, will undoubtedly be considered a classical contribution to medical literature and is strongly recommended, not only because of the general interest of its topic, but as a reference book on penicillin therapy of hitherto unequalled excellence. The typography, although conforming to war economy standards, is clear and the paper is good. There is an excellent list of references and the index is satisfactory.

Gray's Anatomy

Visualization in Medicine is the first book on visualization and its application to problems in medical diagnosis, education, and treatment. The book describes the algorithms, the applications and their validation (how reliable are the results?), and the clinical evaluation of the applications (are the techniques useful?). It discusses visualization techniques from research literature as well as the compromises required to solve practical clinical problems. 

The book covers image acquisition, image analysis, and interaction techniques designed to explore and analyze the data. The final chapter shows how visualization is used for planning liver surgery, one of the most demanding surgical disciplines. The book is based on several years of the authors' teaching and research experience. Both authors have initiated and lead a variety of interdisciplinary projects involving computer scientists and medical doctors, primarily radiologists and surgeons.

* A core field of visualization and graphics missing a dedicated book until now
* Written by pioneers in the field and illustrated in full color
* Covers theory as well as practice

Visualization in Medicine: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications

Illustrative volume visualization frequently employs non-photorealistic rendering techniques to enhance important features or to suppress unwanted details. However, it is difficult to integrate multiple non-photorealistic rendering approaches into a single framework due to great differences in the individual methods and their parameters. In this paper, we present the concept of style transfer functions. Our approach enables flexible data-driven illumination which goes beyond using the transfer function to just assign colors and opacities. An image-based lighting model uses sphere maps to represent non-photorealistic rendering styles. Style transfer functions allow us to combine a multitude of different shading styles in a single rendering. We extend this concept with a technique for curvature-controlled style contours and an illustrative transparency model. Our implementation of the presented methods allows interactive generation of high-quality volumetric illustrations.

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Style Transfer Functions for Illustrative Volume Rendering

Visual Computing for Medicine, Second Edition, offers cutting-edge visualization techniques and their applications in medical diagnosis, education, and treatment. The book includes algorithms, applications, and ideas on achieving reliability of results and clinical evaluation of the techniques covered. Preim and Botha illustrate visualization techniques from research, but also cover the information required to solve practical clinical problems. They base the book on several years of combined teaching and research experience. This new edition includes six new chapters on treatment planning, guidance and training; an updated appendix on software support for visual computing for medicine; and a new global structure that better classifies and explains the major lines of work in the field.

Visual Computing for Medicine: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications

Medical diagnostics and intervention, and biomedical research rely progressively on imaging techniques, namely, the ability to capture, store, analyze, and display images at the organ, tissue, cellular, and molecular level. These tasks are supported by increasingly powerful computer methods to process and analyze images. This text serves as an authoritative resource and self-study guide explaining sophisticated techniques of quantitative image analysis, with a focus on biomedical applications. It offers both theory and practical examples for immediate application of the topics as well as for in-depth study.

Advanced biomedical image analysis

The live-wire approach is an interactive, contour-based segmentation technique. Generally, the contour of a targeted object (anatomical structure) is built by interactively selecting control points and finding minimal-cost paths between them. By its very nature, this method is applicable only to 2D images. For the segmentation of 3D datasets (volumes), the interactive generation of live-wire contours has to be applied to each slice of the volume. This process can be quite tedious, due to the sometimes intensive user interaction. In this contribution, we propose adaptive propagation as an alternative to individually processing all image slices or shape-based interpolation of live-wire contours.

Live-Wire Revisited

Objective Preoperative planning of complete mastoidectomy based on postprocessing, interactive processing, and visualization of CT datasets was implemented and tested. The synthesized images are used to define an access path for the operative treatment of diseases at the lateral skull base. Alternatively, the mastoid may be resected to allocate space for implants such as hearing aids.

Preoperative planning of a complete mastoidectomy: semiautomatic segmentation and evaluation

Medical illustrations use simple drawing styles to demonstrate shapes and features of organs and organ systems, while omitting irrelevant details. In this contribution, we present a non-photorealistic rendering algorithm for illustrating anatomical data. Unlike other existing methods that rely on available triangulations of the organs to be rendered, our approach relies only on a subset of surface points, together with their normals. The advantage is that surface points and normals can be quite easily extracted from medical data, without an intermediate triangulation.

Illustrative Rendering of Segmented Anatomical Data.

Recently, functional endoscopic sinus surgery became state of the art in the surgical treatment of endonasal pathology. For a more accurate access planning including 3D measures of the cavity, especially in complex cases of tumor diseases, segmentation of the paranasal sinus can be very useful. Unfortunately, this structure is quite complicated and difficult to segment. In our contribution, we propose a semi-automatic segmentation pipeline that significantly reduces the total processing time and the required interaction.

A Fast and Accurate Approach for the Segmentation of the Paranasal Sinus

Forensic pathology is largely concerned with the determination of the cause and manner of deaths after accidents, or other circumstances in criminal investigations. A major task in that process is the documentation of surface injuries, which is traditionally done by drawing sketches, photography, or more recently by photogrammetry to generate a three-dimensional digital lesion cartography of the body surface.

In this paper, we describe a semi-automatic processing pipeline how data from 3D photogrammetry is combined and used to generate a visual surface representation of accident victims. In that course, a number of steps are performed to provide a high-quality interactive, point-based visualization of the acquired data, which can be used in a more routine way than previous forensic surface methods.

Zein Salah

Papers

Live-Wire Revisited

Preoperative planning of a complete mastoidectomy: semiautomatic segmentation and evaluation

Illustrative Rendering of Segmented Anatomical Data.

A Fast and Accurate Approach for the Segmentation of the Paranasal Sinus

Data reconstruction and visualization techniques for forensic pathology