http://www.uniroma2.it/didattica/tbs2/deposito/Manufacture,_characterisation_and_application_of_cellular_metals_and_metal_foams.pdf

Manufacture, characterisation and application of cellular metals and metal foams

The use of electric current to activate the consolidation and reaction-sintering of materials is reviewed with special emphasis of the spark plasma sintering method. The method has been used extensively over the past decade with results showing clear benefits over conventional methods. The review critically examines the important features of this method and their individual roles in the observed enhancement of the consolidation process and the properties of the resulting materials.

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1000 at 1000: The effect of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and consolidation of materials: a review of the spark plasma sintering method.

This review article aims to provide an updated and comprehensive description of the development of the Electric Current Activated/assisted Sintering technique (ECAS) for the obtainment of dense materials including nanostructured ones. The use of ECAS for pure sintering purposes, when starting from already synthesized powders promoters, and to obtain the desired material by simultaneously performing synthesis and consolidation in one-step is reviewed. Specifically, more than a thousand papers published on this subject during the past decades are taken into account. The experimental procedures, formation mechanisms, characteristics, and functionality of a wide spectrum of dense materials fabricated by ECAS are presented. The influence of the most important operating parameters (i.e. current intensity, temperature, processing time, etc.) on product characteristics and process dynamics is reviewed for a large family of materials including ceramics, intermetallics, metal–ceramic and ceramic–ceramic composites. In this review, systems where synthesis and densification stages occur simultaneously, i.e. a fully dense product is formed immediately after reaction completion, as well as those ones for which a satisfactory densification degree is reached only by maintaining the application of the electric current once the full reaction conversion is obtained, are identified. In addition, emphasis is given to the obtainment of nanostructured dense materials due to their rapid progress and wide applications. Specifically, the effect of mechanical activation by ball milling of starting powders on ECAS process dynamics and product characteristics (i.e. density and microstructure) is analysed. The emerging theme from the large majority of the reviewed investigations is the comparison of ECAS over conventional methods including pressureless sintering, hot pressing, and others. Theoretical analysis pertaining to such technique is also proposed following the last results obtained on this topic.

Consolidation/synthesis of materials by electric current activated/assisted sintering

Hydrogen gas obtained by the electrolysis of water has long been proposed as a clean and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Noble metals such as Pt are capable of splitting water at low overpotentials, but the implementation of inexpensive solar-driven water-splitting systems and electrolyzers could benefit from the development of robust, efficient, and abundant alternatives to noble metal catalysts. Transition metal phosphides (MxPy) have recently been identified as a promising family of Earth abundant electrocatalysts for the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) and are capable of operating with low overpotentials at operationally relevant current densities while exhibiting stability under strongly acidic conditions. In this review, we highlight the progress that has been made in this field and provide insights into the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical behavior of transition metal phosphides as HER electrocatalysts. We also discuss strategies for the incorporation of metal phosphides ...

Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Metal Phosphide Catalysts for the Hydrogen-Evolution Reaction

Biomass-derived nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots: highly selective fluorescent probe for detecting Fe3+ ions and tetracyclines.

Cellular structure control of aluminium foams during foaming process of aluminium melt

Epoxy nanocomposites containing rod-like silicate (attapulgite) were prepared using a simple organic modification to the nanorods. The modification led to effective interfacial adhesion between the ceramic nanorods and the epoxy resin and hence good load transfer. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed a uniform dispersion of nanorods in the epoxy resin. Compared to the neat resin, nanocomposites with 7.47 vol.-% nanorods exhibited an increase in the (rubbery state) storage modulus of 122.5%. In addition, the nanocomposites exhibited improved dimensional stability both above and below the T g .

Rod-Like Silicate-Epoxy Nanocomposites

Effect of marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of 2205 duplex stainless steel

corrosion behaviour of sintered ndfeb deposited with an aluminium coating

The effects of melt viscosity on the foaming process and the structures of foamed aluminum have been examined Methods for measuring the melt viscosity, pore structure, and foaming process are introduced To increase the stability of the foaming melt and get the sample with a uniform pore distribution, a proper viscosity is needed Further, the structure of foamed aluminum can be controlled by adjusting the Ca addition and other process parameters

Zhenlun Song

Papers

Cellular structure control of aluminium foams during foaming process of aluminium melt

Rod-Like Silicate-Epoxy Nanocomposites

Effect of marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of 2205 duplex stainless steel

corrosion behaviour of sintered ndfeb deposited with an aluminium coating

Effects of viscosity on cellular structure of foamed aluminum in foaming process