Water is essential in all aspects of life, being the defining characteristic of our planet and even our body. Regrettably, water pollution is increasingly becoming a challenge due to novel anthropogenic pollutants. Of particular concern are emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), the term used not only to cover newly developed compounds but also compounds newly discovered as contaminants in the environment. Aside from anthropogenic contamination, higher temperature and more extreme and less predictable weather conditions are projected to affect water availability and distribution. Therefore, wastewater treatment has to become a valuable water resource and its reuse is an important issue that must be carried out efficiently. Among the novel technologies considered in water remediation processes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as promising materials for the elimination of EOCs since they present many properties that commend them in water treatment: large surface area, easy functionalizable cavities, some are stable in water, and synthesized at large scale, etc. This review highlights the advances in the use of MOFs in the elimination (adsorption and/or degradation) of EOCs from water, classifying them by the nature of the contaminant.

Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Removal of Emerging Organic Contaminants in Water.

Summary Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new type of crystalline porous polymers known for chemical stability, excellent structural regularity, robust framework, and inherent porosity, making them promising materials for capturing various types of pollutants from aqueous solutions. This review thoroughly presents the recent progress and advances of COFs and COF-based materials as superior adsorbents for the efficient removal of toxic heavy metal ions, radionuclides, and organic pollutants. Information about the interaction mechanisms between various pollutants and COF-based materials are summarized from the macroscopic and microscopic standpoints, including batch experiments, theoretical calculations, and advanced spectroscopy analysis. The adsorption properties of various COF-based materials are assessed and compared with other widely used adsorbents. Several commonly used strategies to enhance COF-based materials’ adsorption performance and the relationship between structural property and sorption ability are also discussed. Finally, a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges of COFs and COF-based materials are proposed to provide some inspiring information on designing and fabricating COFs and COF-based materials for environmental pollution management.

Orderly Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks-based Materials: Superior Adsorbents for Pollutants Removal from Aqueous Solutions

In this work, a series of Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) were synthesized and served as Fenton-like catalysts for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC–HCl) degradation. Herein, for the first time, we have demonstrated that visible light can accelerate Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle in the photo-Fenton system based on iron-oxo (Fe-O) clusters in frameworks. Among these Fe-MOFs, MIL-101 possessed the highest activity mainly ascribed to its largest specific surface area and pore volume, and the most coordinatively unsaturated iron sites. The synergistic effect in the MIL-101/H2O2/visible light system was derived from the efficient separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. Due to the function of solid acid catalysts, MIL-101 extended effective pH range up to 10.2 and exhibited good reusability and stability. Hydroxyl radicals generated from H2O2 coordinated at iron active sites were determined as the main reactive oxidative species and acceleration of Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle was responsible for highly effective degradation of TC–HCl.

Fe-based metal-organic frameworks as Fenton-like catalysts for highly efficient degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride over a wide pH range: Acceleration of Fe(II)/ Fe(III) cycle under visible light irradiation

Applications of water-stable metal-organic frameworks in the removal of water pollutants: A review.

A review of metal organic framework (MOFs)-based materials for antibiotics removal via adsorption and photocatalysis.

A novel and universal metal-organic frameworks sensing platform for selective detection and efficient removal of heavy metal ions

Simultaneous adsorption of methyl orange and methylene blue from aqueous solution using amino functionalized Zr-based MOFs

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing mankind today, and has attracted widespread attention worldwide. The burgeoning class of crystalline porous organic framework materials, metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks present promising application potential in areas related to pollution control due to their interesting surface properties. In this review, the literature of the past five years on the adsorptive removal of various hazardous materials, mainly including heavy metal ions, harmful gases, organic dyes, pharmaceutical and personal care products, and radionuclides from the environment by using COFs and MOFs, is summarized. The adsorption mechanisms are also discussed to help understand their adsorption performance and selectivity. Additionally, some insightful suggestions are given to enhance the performance of MOFs and COFs in the adsorptive removal of various hazardous materials.

Recent advances on porous organic frameworks for the adsorptive removal of hazardous materials

Two novel MOFs@COFs hybrid-based photocatalytic platforms coupling with sulfate radical-involved advanced oxidation processes for enhanced degradation of bisphenol A.

MOF-derived CoFe2O4/Fe2O3 embedded in g-C3N4 as high-efficient Z-scheme photocatalysts for enhanced degradation of emerging organic pollutants in the presence of persulfate

Zhi-Hao Wang

Papers

A novel and universal metal-organic frameworks sensing platform for selective detection and efficient removal of heavy metal ions

Simultaneous adsorption of methyl orange and methylene blue from aqueous solution using amino functionalized Zr-based MOFs

Recent advances on porous organic frameworks for the adsorptive removal of hazardous materials

Two novel MOFs@COFs hybrid-based photocatalytic platforms coupling with sulfate radical-involved advanced oxidation processes for enhanced degradation of bisphenol A.

MOF-derived CoFe2O4/Fe2O3 embedded in g-C3N4 as high-efficient Z-scheme photocatalysts for enhanced degradation of emerging organic pollutants in the presence of persulfate