In this paper, the analysis of recent advances in genetic algorithms is discussed. The genetic algorithms of great interest in research community are selected for analysis. This review will help the new and demanding researchers to provide the wider vision of genetic algorithms. The well-known algorithms and their implementation are presented with their pros and cons. The genetic operators and their usages are discussed with the aim of facilitating new researchers. The different research domains involved in genetic algorithms are covered. The future research directions in the area of genetic operators, fitness function and hybrid algorithms are discussed. This structured review will be helpful for research and graduate teaching.

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A review on genetic algorithm: past, present, and future

Investors systematically deviate from rationality when making financial decisions, yet the mechanisms responsible for these deviations have not been identified. Using event-related fMRI, we examined whether anticipatory neural activity would predict optimal and suboptimal choices in a financial decision-making task. We characterized two types of deviations from the optimal investment strategy of a rational risk- neutral agent as risk-seeking mistakes and risk-aversion mistakes. Nucleus accumbens activation preceded risky choices as well as risk- seeking mistakes, while anterior insula activation preceded riskless choices as well as risk-aversion mistakes. These findings suggest that distinct neural circuits linked to anticipatory affect promote different types of financial choices, and indicate that excessive activation of these circuits may lead to investing mistakes. Thus, consideration of anticipatory neural mechanisms may add predictive power to the rational actor model of economic decision-making.

The Neural Basis of Financial Risk Taking

Transportation research. part c, emerging technologies

Transportation Networks. Optimality. Cost Functions. Deterministic User Equilibrium Assignment. Stochastic User Equilibrium Assignment. Trip Table Estimation. Network Reliability. Network Design. Conclusions. References. Index.

Transportation network analysis

The efficiency of a transport system depends on several elements, such as available technology, governmental policies, the planning process, and control strategies. Indeed, the interaction between these elements is quite complex, leading to intractable decision making problems. The planning process and real-time control strategies have been widely studied in recent years, and there are several practical implementations with promising results. In this paper, we review the literature on Transit Network Planning problems and real-time control strategies suitable to bus transport systems. Our goal is to present a comprehensive review, emphasizing recent studies as well as works not addressed in previous reviews.

Planning, operation, and control of bus transport systems: A literature review

This paper presents a method to safely organize the indoor space pedestrian flows. To quantitatively describe the indexes related to pedestrian safety, a capacity estimation model is proposed for the number of participants, and then the characteristic of pedestrians of different age is considered in analysing pedestrian speed by using step frequency data. Furthermore, we develop a pedestrian safety estimation model and obtain the probability of safe crossing. Based on the estimation results of capacity model and safety estimation model, a reasonable scheme of pedestrian organization is put forward. Finally, a case study is adopted to apply the proposed models.

Estimation Models for the Safety Level of Indoor Space Pedestrian Flows

Measuring Connectivity of Multi-Modal Transit Networks with Customized Bus Services: An Activity-Based Approach

While transport services are an integral component of tourism, the performance of urban public transport (UPT) from the perspective of international tourists remains largely unexplored. This paper develops a new index to assess the quality of UPT from the perspective of international tourists so that good performance and gaps in service can be identified. The index combines four elements of UPT important to tourists including information access, payment approaches, transport service level and special UPT service provided for tourists. The index includes weights to represent the relative importance of these elements from the perspective of international tourists based on previous research evidence. The index is applied in four case study cities: Melbourne, London, Paris and Singapore. London had the highest aggregate score (151.9 out of 200), closely followed by Paris (149.8), Melbourne (139.7) and lastly Singapore (127.6). Results suggest much room for improvement in each city, since even London achieved a total score 24% below its maximum potential. The results also give detailed information about good performance and gaps; London scored highest for Service Level and Special Tourist Services, but could improve the provision of Ticketing Discounts. By contrast, Singapore had the lowest score for Information Access due to a limited language selection and tourism information on their UPT website. Thus, the new index quantifies quality elements of UPT service for international tourists, and provides valuable information for future improvements. The paper discusses policy implications and areas for future research.

A New Index to Measure the Quality of Urban Public Transport for International Tourists

This paper investigates and compares several transit fare structures including flat fare, station-based, and mileage-based fare. For each fare structure, there exists an optimal fare pattern inducing to the highest total social benefit and total net profit. A bi-level model is then proposed to determine the optimal fare pattern. The upper-level problem intends to address the maximization of total social benefit from the perspective of transportation authority and the maximization of profit of transit authority, whereas the lower-level problem is a path-based stochastic transit assignment problem with elastic demand. A modified genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the bi-level model. A numerical example of a 9-node transit network is provided to illustrate that differentiated fare structures and have a better financial performance than flat fare.

Zhiyuan Liu

Papers

Estimation Models for the Safety Level of Indoor Space Pedestrian Flows

Measuring Connectivity of Multi-Modal Transit Networks with Customized Bus Services: An Activity-Based Approach

A New Index to Measure the Quality of Urban Public Transport for International Tourists

An Optimization Decision Model of Urban Public Transit Fare Structures

Investigating Commuters’ Leisure Activity Choice Behavior Based on Metro Smart Card Data