Probability and Measure

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications have recently attracted large research interest, since the huge available bandwidth can potentially lead to the rates of multiple gigabit per second per user Though mmWave can be readily used in stationary scenarios, such as indoor hotspots or backhaul, it is challenging to use mmWave in mobile networks, where the transmitting/receiving nodes may be moving, channels may have a complicated structure, and the coordination among multiple nodes is difficult To fully exploit the high potential rates of mmWave in mobile networks, lots of technical problems must be addressed This paper presents a comprehensive survey of mmWave communications for future mobile networks (5G and beyond) We first summarize the recent channel measurement campaigns and modeling results Then, we discuss in detail recent progresses in multiple input multiple output transceiver design for mmWave communications After that, we provide an overview of the solution for multiple access and backhauling, followed by the analysis of coverage and connectivity Finally, the progresses in the standardization and deployment of mmWave for mobile networks are discussed

Millimeter Wave Communications for Future Mobile Networks

Diverse proprietary network appliances increase both the capital and operational expense of service providers, meanwhile causing problems of network ossification. Network function virtualization (NFV) is proposed to address these issues by implementing network functions as pure software on commodity and general hardware. NFV allows flexible provisioning, deployment, and centralized management of virtual network functions. Integrated with SDN, the software-defined NFV architecture further offers agile traffic steering and joint optimization of network functions and resources. This architecture benefits a wide range of applications (e.g., service chaining) and is becoming the dominant form of NFV. In this survey, we present a thorough investigation of the development of NFV under the software-defined NFV architecture, with an emphasis on service chaining as its application. We first introduce the software-defined NFV architecture as the state of the art of NFV and present relationships between NFV and SDN. Then, we provide a historic view of the involvement from middlebox to NFV. Finally, we introduce significant challenges and relevant solutions of NFV, and discuss its future research directions by different application domains.

Software-Defined Network Function Virtualization: A Survey

The fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems will be in use around 2020. The aim of 5G systems is to provide anywhere and anytime connectivity for anyone and anything. Several new technologies are being researched for 5G systems, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output communications, vehicle-to-vehicle communications, high-speed train communications, and millimeter wave communications. Each of these technologies introduces new propagation properties and sets specific requirements on 5G channel modeling. Considering the fact that channel models are indispensable for system design and performance evaluation, accurate and efficient channel models covering various 5G technologies and scenarios are urgently needed. This paper first summarizes the requirements of the 5G channel modeling, and then provides an extensive review of the recent channel measurements and models. Finally, future research directions for channel measurements and modeling are provided.

A Survey of 5G Channel Measurements and Models

While celebrating the 21st year since the very first IEEE 802.11 “legacy” 2 Mbit/s wireless local area network standard, the latest Wi-Fi newborn is today reaching the finish line, topping the remarkable speed of 10 Gbit/s. IEEE 802.11ax was launched in May 2014 with the goal of enhancing throughput-per-area in high-density scenarios. The first 802.11ax draft versions, namely, D1.0 and D2.0, were released at the end of 2016 and 2017. Focusing on a more mature version D3.0, in this tutorial paper, we help the reader to smoothly enter into the several major 802.11ax breakthroughs, including a brand new orthogonal frequency-division multiple access-based random access approach as well as novel spatial frequency reuse techniques. In addition, this tutorial will highlight selected significant improvements (including physical layer enhancements, multi-user multiple input multiple output extensions, power saving advances, and so on) which make this standard a very significant step forward with respect to its predecessor 802.11ac.

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A Tutorial on IEEE 802.11ax High Efficiency WLANs

Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) is a promising non-orthogonal multiple access technology for 5G radio access networks. It improves the connectivity and capacity. However, the two multiple access methods of SCMA: granted and grant-free cannot dynamically match the real-time demands since the resources allocated for the granted method and grant-free method are clearly separated with each other. This further deteriorates the system performance. This article proposes a semi-granted SCMA method, by enabling the granted demands and grant-free demands to share the same resources. Simulation results confirm that semi-granted SCMA matches the dynamically fluent demands and significantly improve the throughput of SCMA 5G system.

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Semi-granted Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) for 5G Networks (Invited Paper)

Since the millimeter wave integrated backhaul and access network(mm-Wave IBAN) can divide the resource ratio between the access and the backhaul link as needed, there is a huge advantage in the improvement of the utilization rate for 5G communication network. A joint optimization method of user association and resource allocation is proposed and implemented for the mm-Wave IBAN from the perspective of the maximization of the transmission traffic in the whole network. The joint optimization problem of the user association and the resource allocation is formulated as a combined non-convex optimization problem, and then the problem is decomposed into two sub-problems. The first sub-problem, which is aimed at the maximization of the whole access rate, is the problem of the user association under the condition of the match between the access rate and backhaul rate. The second sub-problem, which is aimed at the maximization of the whole traffic of the network, is the problem of the resources allocation between the access link and backhaul link. The artificial immune optimization algorithm (IOA) is used to solve the first sub-problem. After that, the optimal transmission resource ratio between the access link and backhaul link is obtained according to the differentiating of the expression for the whole traffic. The simulation results show that the proposed method has more gains in the improvement of the whole network traffic when compared with the user association mechanism based on the nearest distance.

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Joint Optimization of User Association and Resource Allocation for Millimeter-Wave Integrated Backhaul and Access Network

Nowadays the development of internet of things (IoT) has become the next major growth point of wireless communication. And narrow band has become a new trend in the development of IoT. Achieving massive connectivity and ever-increasing network capacity has become an important subject of our research. We find that sparse code multiple access (SCMA), a type of non-orthogonal multiple access, is supposed to meet these needs, but it can hardly apply to NB-IoT because narrow band does not have the ability of spread spectrum. On this basis, we introduce SCMA into time domain, named T-SCMA, for NB-IoT. By multiplexing SCMA in the time domain and defining a MAC frame structure, we can significantly improve both connectivity and network capacity, ultimately obtain a much higher throughput property gain over time division multiple address (TDMA).

T-SCMA: Time Domain Sparse Code Multiple Access for Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) (Invited Paper)

To guarantee low energy consumption and high efficiency for the nodes of the Internet of Things (IoT), designing and implementing the network protocols, e.g., routing and multiple access control (MAC) protocols, on FPGA become significant issues. Aiming at designing and implementing FPRP protocol on FPGA, this paper proposes a design scheme of FPGA implementation of FPRP protocol. The overall architecture includes clock counting module, reservation module, data transmission module, algorithm module and reservation result generation module, which are connected and restricted with each other. In order to verify, we divide it into two parts, i.e., single node verification and double node verification. Finally, the basic implementation of the five-step reservation is initially completed which show that the design scheme is correct and feasible.

Design and Implementation of FPRP on FPGA for Internet of Things

Wireless aeronautics virtualization enables multiple concurrent wireless aeronautics networks running on the shared wireless network substrate resources It enhances the resource utilities of spectrum resources, helps for the innovation of physical resources and network services, and improves the QoS guarantee Resource allocation problem of wireless virtualization, which is how to efficiently assign the physical spectrum resources to several virtual networks, is the primary problem of wireless virtualization However, the related works generally assume only one physical network, and do not take the economic relationship between infrastructure networks providers (InPs) and service (virtual network) providers (SPs) into consideration In order to handle this problem, this paper presents a pricing based resource allocation algorithm in wireless aeronautics network virtualization First, we build up system models under the circumstance of multiple physical networks and multiple virtual networks, and then by using a concave pricing strategy, we present a novel genetic algorithm Simulation results show our algorithm could provide more revenues for InPs, and show pricing strategy may play an important role on the resource allocation problem in wireless virtualization

Zhongjiang Yan

Papers

Semi-granted Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) for 5G Networks (Invited Paper)

Joint Optimization of User Association and Resource Allocation for Millimeter-Wave Integrated Backhaul and Access Network

T-SCMA: Time Domain Sparse Code Multiple Access for Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) (Invited Paper)

Design and Implementation of FPRP on FPGA for Internet of Things

Pricing Based Resource Allocation Algorithm in Wireless Aeronautics Network Virtualization