Wind turbines play an increasingly important role in renewable power generation. To ensure the efficient production and financial viability of wind power, it is crucial to maintain wind turbines’ reliability and availability (uptime) through advanced real-time condition monitoring technologies. Given their plurality and evolution, this article provides an updated comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art condition monitoring technologies used for fault diagnosis and lifetime prognosis in wind turbines. Specifically, this article presents the major fault and failure modes observed in wind turbines along with their root causes, and thoroughly reviews the techniques and strategies available for wind turbine condition monitoring from signal-based to model-based perspectives. In total, more than 390 references, mostly selected from recent journal articles, theses, and reports in the open literature, are compiled to assess as exhaustively as possible the past, current, and future research and development trends in this substantial and active investigation area.

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A Comprehensive Review on Signal-Based and Model-Based Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines: Fault Diagnosis and Lifetime Prognosis

To further improve the precision and efficiency of structural health monitoring technology and the theory of large-scale structures, full-field non-contact structural geometry morphology monitoring is expected to be a breakthrough technology in structural safety state monitoring and digital twins, owing to its economic, credible, high frequency, and holographic advantages. This study validates a proposed holographic visual sensor and algorithms in a computer-vision-based full-field non-contact displacement and vibration measurement. Using an automatic camera patrol experimental device, original segmental dynamic and static video monitoring data of a model bridge under various damage/activities were collected. According to the temporal and spatial characteristics of the series data, the holographic geometric morphology tracking algorithm was introduced. Additionally, the feature points set of the structural holography geometry and the holography feature contours were established. Experimental results show that the holographic visual sensor and the proposed algorithms can extract an accurate holographic full-field displacement signal, and factually and sensitively accomplish vibration measurement, while accurately reflecting the real change in structural properties under various damage/action conditions. The proposed method can serve as a foundation for further research on digital twins for large-scale structures, structural condition assessment, and intelligent damage identification.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1187/pdf

Experiment of Structural Geometric Morphology Monitoring for Bridges Using Holographic Visual Sensor.

Measuring distance using ultra-wideband radio technology enhanced by extreme gradient boosting decision tree (XGBoost)

Collapse analysis of a wind turbine tower with initial-imperfection subjected to near-field ground motions

Portable, low-cost, microwave radars have attracted researchers’ attention for being an alternative noncontact solution for structural condition monitoring. In addition, by leveraging their capability of providing the target velocity information, the radar-based remote monitoring of complex rotating structures can also be accomplished. Modern radar systems are compact, able to be easily integrated in sensor networks, and can deliver high accuracy measurements. This paper reviews the recent technical advances in low-cost Doppler radar systems for phase-demodulated displacement measurements and time-Doppler analysis for structural health information, including digital signal processing and emerging applications related to radar sensor networks.

A Review on Low-Cost Microwave Doppler Radar Systems for Structural Health Monitoring

Wind turbine tower vibration parameters are critical for design and maintenance of wind farms. In this paper, measurement campaigns of two in-service 65-m tall wind turbine towers are inves...

Zhu Mei

Papers

Field Testing of Wind Turbine Towers with Contact and Noncontact Vibration Measurement Methods