To date, the phenomenon of entrepreneurship has lacked a conceptual framework. In this note we draw upon previous research conducted in the different social science disciplines and applied fields of business to create a conceptual framework for the field. With this framework we explain a set of empirical phenomena and predict a set of outcomes not explained or predicted by conceptual frameworks already in existence in other fields.

The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research

计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator of technological change. Cross-sectional and time-series studies of the relationship of patents to R&D expenditures are reviewed, as well as scattered estimates of the distribution of patent values and the value of patent rights, the latter being based on recent analyses of European patent renewal data. Time-series trends of patents granted in the U.S. are examined and their decline in the 1970s is found to be an artifact of the budget stringencies at the Patent Office. The longer run downward trend in patents per R&D dollar is interpreted not as an indication of diminishing returns but rather as a reflection of the changing meaning of such data over time. The conclusion is reached that, in spite of many difficulties and reservations, patent data remain a unique resource for the study of technical change.

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Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey

To assess the effects of a firm's network of relations on innovation, this paper elaborates a theoretical framework that relates three aspects of a firm's ego network—direct ties, indirect ties, an...

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Collaboration Networks, Structural Holes, and Innovation: A Longitudinal Study:

Offering a unifying theoretical perspective not readily available in any other text, this innovative guide to econometrics uses simple geometrical arguments to develop students' intuitive understanding of basic and advanced topics, emphasizing throughout the practical applications of modern theory and nonlinear techniques of estimation. One theme of the text is the use of artificial regressions for estimation, reference, and specification testing of nonlinear models, including diagnostic tests for parameter constancy, serial correlation, heteroscedasticity, and other types of mis-specification. Explaining how estimates can be obtained and tests can be carried out, the authors go beyond a mere algebraic description to one that can be easily translated into the commands of a standard econometric software package. Covering an unprecedented range of problems with a consistent emphasis on those that arise in applied work, this accessible and coherent guide to the most vital topics in econometrics today is indispensable for advanced students of econometrics and students of statistics interested in regression and related topics. It will also suit practising econometricians who want to update their skills. Flexibly designed to accommodate a variety of course levels, it offers both complete coverage of the basic material and separate chapters on areas of specialized interest.

Estimation and Inference in Econometrics

Understanding the factors that promote or mitigate new firm birth is crucial to regional economic development efforts, since a high level of new firm creation significantly contributes to regional economic vitality and is a major signal of a dynamic economy. The literature suggest that various factors such as unemployment, population density/growth, industrial structure, human capital, the availability of financing, and entrepreneurial characteristics significantly influence regional variation in new firm birth rates.

Creativity and Entrepreneurship: A Regional Analysis of New Firm Formation

Az uj vallalkozasok gazdasagra gyakorolt hatasanak elemzese az elmult evtized egyik sokat kutatott temaja. A Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) nemzetkozi kutatas azonban az első, amelyik egyseges modszertan alapjan kepes ezt a hatast konzisztens modon megbecsulni. A tanulmany a GEM-kutatas elmult harom evenek legfontosabb eredmenyeit osszegzi a vallalkozoi aktivitas mutatoinak elemzese segitsegevel. Magyarorszag, amely a tanulmany iroi reven 2001-től reszt vesz a felmeresben, nemzetkozi szinten atlagos kepet mutat, regionalis osszehasonlitasban a tobbi kozep-kelet-europai orszaghoz es az Europai Uniohoz viszonyitva azonban helyzete kedvezőbb. A vallalkozoi aktivitas fokozasaban meg jelentős tartalekai vannak, ami azert is fontos, hiszen az ujonnan alapitott cegek munkahely-teremtesi es gazdasagi novekedesi hatasa meghatarozo jelentősegű.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kod: M13.

Az új vállalkozások hatásai nemzetközi összehasonlításban. A Global Entrepreneurship Monitor kutatás, 2001-2003

This paper traces Zoltan Acs’ steps in becoming an entrepreneurship scholar from the time he left Europe after WWII until the present. The paper documents the key role that I played in the development of the field in different fields from innovation, technical change, cites, growth, globalization and capitalism. The contribution suggests that Capitalism, Philanthropy and Democracy are the legacies of his research in understanding capitalist evolution.

The godfather of entrepreneurship

This paper presents a regional application of the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI) methodology of Acs et al. (2013) to examine the level of entrepreneurship across Hungary’s seven NUTS-2 level regions. The Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index (REDI) has been constructed for capturing the contextual features of entrepreneurship across regions. The REDI method builds on a Systems of Entrepreneurship Theory and provides a way to profile Regional Systems of Entrepreneurship. Important aspects of the REDI method including the Penalty for Bottleneck analysis, which helps identify constraining factors in Regional Systems of Entrepreneurship, and Policy Portfolio Optimization analysis, which helps policy-makers consider trade-offs between alternative policy scenarios and associated allocations of policy resources. The paper portrays the entrepreneurial disparities amongst Hungarian regions and provides public policy suggestions to improve the level of entrepreneurship and optimize resource allocation over the 14 pillars of entrepreneurship in the seven Hungarian regions.

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Measuring regional entrepreneurship in Hungary

In this chapter, we are concerned with methodological issues of building the global entrepreneurship and development index (GEDI). Index-building is a complex task that faces several potential pitfalls, starting with the vague and various definitions of a concept like entrepreneurship. We favor a complex perception of entrepreneurship and believe that this complexity requires a complex index, as opposed to the single measures often used.

Zoltan J. Acs

Papers

Creativity and Entrepreneurship: A Regional Analysis of New Firm Formation

Az új vállalkozások hatásai nemzetközi összehasonlításban. A Global Entrepreneurship Monitor kutatás, 2001-2003

The godfather of entrepreneurship

Measuring regional entrepreneurship in Hungary

Methodology and Data Description