Showing papers by "Aoyama Gakuin University published in 1986"
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the electron bombardment on the diamond thin film growth is discussed in relation to the decomposition of reactant gases (CH4 and H2), and the properties of diamond thin films formed by electron assisted chemical vapour deposition are shown to have almost the same characteristics as natural diamond.
179 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the annual lead accumulation and the change of the isotope ratios of sediments in the Tokyo Bay are discussed in relation to the development of the Japanese industrial activities, showing a part of concentric circles.
Abstract: The annual lead accumulation and the change of the isotope ratios of sediments in the Tokyo Bay are discussed in relation to the development of the Japanese industrial activities. Lead has been spread out from the north western part of the bay, showing a part of concentric circles. The total lead accumulation rate in the bay was calculated to be 17 t/y in 1880, which was regarded as the non-artificial lead input rate, and increased gradually with time reflecting increase in the consumption of lead in Japanese industries. In 1920, the isotope ratios changed extraordinarily, which was estimated to be caused by the introduction of the Broken Hill lead of Australia. The annual lead accumulation has been accelerated since 1950 and the isotope ratios have also been affected by the change in the varieties of the sources. It reached a maximum, 110t/y, in 1970 and was reduced to 71 t/y in 1980. Although the sources of anthropogenic lead are complicated, the gasoline additives would be one of the major sources for the lead pollution until 1970. Although the consumption of gasoline additives in 1980 was reduced to 1/20 of the 1970 value in Japan, the decrease of the gasoline lead seems not yet clearly observed isotopically in the sediments of the bay. The lead in the cored sediments was confirmed not to have moved vertically, but showed a systematic difference horizontally after anthropogenic lead was introduced in the bay. The systematic difference of the isotope ratios in the surface sediments indicates the difference of the pollution sources.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of spatial competition on wages and regional unemployment, and showed that the "perverse" results concerning wage levels are also seen to prevail in the spatial labour market, i.e., competition among neighbouring firms may yield lower equilibrium wage levels than a spatial monopsony wage.
Abstract: Nakagome M. (1986) The spatial labour market and spatial competition, Reg. Studies 20, 307–312. We examine the effects of spatial competition on wages and regional unemployment. It is demonstrated in this article that the ‘perverse’ results concerning wage levels are also seen to prevail in the spatial labour market, i.e., competition among neighbouring firms may yield lower equilibrium wage levels than a spatial monopsony wage. Our study investigates the extent to which such spatial theory replicates the conclusions of classical non-spatial labour economics. We also attack the problem of why regional unemployed workers do not change their location to obtain a higher level of job opportunities.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the electron-phonon interaction on the magnetism of transition metals was investigated and it was shown that the phonon effects enable us to understand quite naturally the various characteristic temperature dependencies of the magnetic susceptibility observed for Rh, Cr, Ni and Pt.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, reaction kinetics of the nitriding of titanium in a nitrogen or nitrogen-hydrogen plasma prepared using a microwave discharge were studied, and the reaction rate in the afterglow region was one order of magnitude higher than that in thermal Nitriding at the same temperature.
Abstract: Reaction kinetics of the nitriding of titanium in a nitrogen or nitrogen-hydrogen plasma prepared using a microwave discharge were studied. The kinetics of nitriding in the discharge region were represented by a parabolic law only. During nitriding in the afterglow region at the desired temperature, with external heating, the reaction obeyed a linear and a parabolic relationship. The reaction rates in the discharge region were several times higher than those in the afterglow region at the same temperature. The reaction rate in the afterglow was one order of magnitude higher than that in thermal nitriding at the same temperature. The addition of hydrogen to the nitrogen plasma increased the reaction rate in every case. The nitriding in the microwave discharge appeared to be affected by the driving frequency.
10 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that a combination of statistics and knowledge engineering is a more effective and suitable way to create a medical consulting system than is the use of either method alone.
Abstract: There are two methods of making medical consulting systems: the statistical method and the knowledge engineering method. Since both of these methods seem to be very different from each other, they have been recognized and applied separately. We contend, however, that a combination of statistics and knowledge engineering is a more effective and suitable way to create a medical consulting system than is the use of either method alone. In order to justify this contention, we created a medical consulting system, AUTSVR-V1.1, which detects auditory slow vertex responses (SVR) through observing and identifying background activities of the electroencephalogram (EEG) automatically during measurement of SVRs for the purpose of objective electric response audiometry (ERA), and compared it with AUTSVR-V1.0, which depends on statistics only.
6 citations
TL;DR: An experimental study on the effects of loading mode and hydrogen charging sequence on the hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) of quenched and tempered AISI 4135 steel were conducted to determine the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An experimental study on the effects of loading mode and hydrogen charging sequence on the hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) of quenched and tempered AISI 4135 steel were conducted to determine the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement (HE). The cracking susceptibility and fracture mode were greatly affected by the loading mode and hydrogen charging sequence. Although the results revealed a complicated dependence on the testing condition, most phenomena could be explained by (1) the increase in hydrogen concentration resulting from the interaction of hydrogen with shear stresses and (2) the crack-opening normal stress acting on a plane with a high hydrogen concentration. Hydrogen transport by dislocation and embrittlement by decohesion are also invoked to explain the observations. A discussion aimed at elaborating the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) for a given metal/environment system by the loading mode effect is included.
5 citations
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the nitriding of niobium and tantalum with argon-nitrogen and argonnitrogen-hydrogen plasma jets at pressures of 190 and 240 Torr was studied.
Abstract: The nitriding of niobium and tantalum with argon-nitrogen and argon-nitrogen-hydrogen plasma jets at pressures of 190 and 240 Torr was studied. The reaction kinetics obeyed a parabolic law. Cubic δ-NbN and cubic δ-TaN, which were stable phases at high temperature, were easily obtained at higher nitriding rates than those of thermal nitriding at the same temperature. Results obtained are discussed with plasma diagnostics such as emission spectroscopy and electrical double probe techniques.
4 citations
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study of the three dimensional shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction induced by a blunt fin was made mainly at Mach 2.48, where the effects of leading edge shape and angle of attack were studied.
Abstract: An experimental study of the three dimensional shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction induced by a blunt fin was made mainly at Mach 2.48. The effects of leading edge shape and angle of attack were studied. Surface pressure measurements, and flow visualizations were made. The results show that, on the test surface near the fin, the structure of the vortex in the reverse flow region depends strongly on the leading edge shape, but it does not affect the flow near the separation point. Furthermore the effects of the angle of attack appear downstream of the plateau region especially on the windward side.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed MCSCF calculations on the two lowest states of the LiH2 system, using a basis set of double-zeta-plus-polarization quality.
Abstract: MCSCF calculations were performed on the two lowest states of the LiH2 system, using a basis set of double-zeta-plus-polarization quality. The characters of the wave functions in the region of the conical intersection of the potential energy surfaces were investigated in some detail. The depth of the minimum on the A2B2 surface was estimated to be 0.46 eV. The frequency of the a1 vibration at the center of the conical intersection was 3.76 X 1013 sec−1. Under the symmetry of the nuclear geometry lower than C2v in the immediate neighborhood of the center of the intersection, the upper state was characterized by a 3a′ natural orbital by which the more distant H is bonded to Li, while in the lower state the nearer H is bonded to Li. Thus, the process of the nonadiabatic transition caused by a nuclear motion of b2 symmetry is visualized as a smooth bond-preserving process, and is expected to occur with high probability. For the correct description of the states in this region, MCSCF functions comprising limited CSF's were inadequate, and an additional process of nonorthogonal CI was required.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the active site involving histidine-159 in the papain molecule was much influenced by the alteration of the microenvironment of tryptophan-177 as a part of the interaction site for these two thiol proteinase inhibitors.
Abstract: The conformational changes of the papain molecular on interaction with two thiol proteinase inhibitors (TPI(1) and TPI(2] from newborn rat epidermis were studied by measuring circular dichroism (CD), the difference absorption spectrum, and the fluorescence spectrum due to tryptophan residues in papain. The far-ultraviolet CD band of papain between 210 and 230 nm was distinctly reduced on interaction with both inhibitors. Also, the near-ultraviolet CD spectrum of TPI(1)-bound papain changed between 285 and 320 nm as well as that of the TPI(2)-bound enzyme. The difference absorption spectrum for TPI(1)-bound papain exhibited two distinct peaks at 276.5 and 282 nm, indicating perturbation of aromatic amino acid residues. The fluorescence intensity of papain was significantly decreased on interaction with both inhibitors, which showed pH-dependency on an ionizable group, with pK values of 8.5 and 7.9 for TPI(1) and TPI(2), respectively. The complex formation of papain with both inhibitors caused a reduction of the susceptibility of a tryptophan residue, probably tryptophan-177, to chemical modification with N-bromosuccinimide. These results suggest that the active site involving histidine-159 in the papain molecule was much influenced by the alteration of the microenvironment of tryptophan-177 as a part of the interaction site for these two thiol proteinase inhibitors.
TL;DR: Etude des proprietes catalytiques et de la stabilite de l'enzyme immobilisee de l’enzyme par couplage chimique a du Sepharose 4B.
Abstract: Immobilisation de l'enzyme par couplage chimique a du Sepharose 4B. Etude des proprietes catalytiques et de la stabilite de l'enzyme immobilisee
TL;DR: The system can detect fetal QRS complex from fetal ECGs that are affected by mixture noises in the fetal ECG accompanying both cephalic and breech presentations and can detect the location of the fetal Q RS waves by using the weighted periodgram method.
Abstract: It is often impossible to determine the presence of the fetal QRS waves from leads on the maternal abdomen because the amplitude is small or noise interferes. Yet, clinically, confirmation is highly necessary. Clinicians face a great difficulty when the fetal QRS waves are not identifiable: when, for example, they are not apparent owing either to the fetal death or to the poor recording system. We therefore developed the fetal QRS complex detecting system for computer use. This system was developed through the use of two procedures. First, possible fetal QRS waves were detected by computing slopes of moving regression lines. Second, the location of the fetal QRS waves was determined from possible fetal QRS waves by using the weighted period-gram method. We recognized that this system can detect fetal QRS complex from fetal ECGs that are affected by mixture noises in the fetal ECGs accompanying both cephalic and breech presentations.
TL;DR: In this article, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion was used to investigate dynamic stability properties of equilibria in the so-called Loschian, Hotelling-Smithies, and Greenhut-Ohta models.
Abstract: . Our study extends the standard comparative static analysis to allow for dynamic aspects of equilibrium in spatial competiton. We investigate dynamic stability properties via the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Nontrivial equilibria in the so-called Loschian, Hotelling-Smithies, and Greenhut-Ohta models are shown to be stable even under heterogeneous cost conditions among competing firms, conditions not considered hitherto. We can thus provide powerful support to the comparative static analyses which can only be developed via equilibrium concepts with stability properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, an n-type TiO2 with remarkable photoconductivity as a window material was used to reduce the dark current and improve the open-circuit voltage by operating as an MIS diode in the dark and as a pn junction under the light illumination.
Abstract: Recently, Se-based low-cost thin-film solar cells have been developed, resulting in an improvement of the conversion efficiency over conventional Se photocells. Although these solar cells enable increasing the photocurrent increase by designing a thin Se layer, no considerations have been given for the open-circuit voltage.
The TiO2/Se solar cell described in this paper uses n-type TiO2 with remarkable photoconductivity as a window material. In addition, it reduces the dark current and improves the open-circuit voltage by operating as an MIS (Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor) diode in the dark and as a pn junction under the light illumination. As a result, the open-circuit voltage has been improved, and a cell with a conversion efficiency of 5.0 percent (short-circuit current is 10.8 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage 0.88 V, fill factor FF 0.53) under simulated AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm2) illumination has been realized. This is the highest efficiency reported to date for Se solar cells.
Additionally, since the spectral response is close to the emission spectrum of fluorescent lights, the efficiency improves to 11 - 13 percent under fluorescent lights (500 lux). Furthermore, since these cells have advantages of high sensitivity in short wavelengths, good photocurrent-illumination characteristics and low dark current, applications not only for solar cells but for light sensors such as color sensors and power meters are also expected.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the electron-phonon interactions enable us to understand the temperature dependence of the paramagnetic spin susceptibility χ in many transition metals, beyond what ordinary theories could account for.
TL;DR: Though there is a wide variety of reported data on the human prostate, particular care must be taken in analysis at the electron microscopic level, keeping in mind that this organ has a notable variety of tissue changes.
Abstract: The Nuclear Body Appearance Rate in seventeen human prostatic cases was statistically analyzed according to three lesion areas--the hyperplastic nodule, non-nodule and atrophic--in the secretory epithelium and basal cells. It was meaningfully high in the secretory epithelium of the hyperplastic nodule, but not in the other two lesion areas. There was no meaningful result in basal cells. Though there is a wide variety of reported data on the human prostate, particular care must be taken in analysis at the electron microscopic level, keeping in mind that even in a single specimen this organ has a notable variety of tissue changes. The Nuclear Body Appearance Rate reflects cellular hyperactivity although it does not have a specific known function at present.