Showing papers by "Belarusian State Medical University published in 2011"
TL;DR: The state of the Nigerian health care system is poorly developed and a system well grounded in routine surveillance and medical intelligence as the backbone of the health sector is necessary, besides adequate management couple with strong leadership principles.
Abstract: Objectives : As an important element of national security, public health not only functions to provide adequate and timely medical care but also track, monitor, and control disease outbreak. The Nigerian health care had suffered several infectious disease outbreaks year after year. Hence, there is need to tackle the problem. This study aims to review the state of the Nigerian health care system and to provide possible recommendations to the worsening state of health care in the country. To give up-to-date recommendations for the Nigerian health care system, this study also aims at reviewing the dynamics of health care in the United States, Britain, and Europe with regards to methods of medical intelligence/surveillance. Materials and Methods : Databases were searched for relevant literatures using the following keywords: Nigerian health care, Nigerian health care system, and Nigerian primary health care system. Additional keywords used in the search were as follows: United States (OR Europe) health care dynamics, Medical Intelligence, Medical Intelligence systems, Public health surveillance systems, Nigerian medical intelligence, Nigerian surveillance systems, and Nigerian health information system. Literatures were searched in scientific databases Pubmed and African Journals OnLine. Internet searches were based on Google and Search Nigeria. Results : Medical intelligence and surveillance represent a very useful component in the health care system and control diseases outbreak, bioattack, etc. There is increasing role of automated-based medical intelligence and surveillance systems, in addition to the traditional manual pattern of document retrieval in advanced medical setting such as those in western and European countries. Conclusion : The Nigerian health care system is poorly developed. No adequate and functional surveillance systems are developed. To achieve success in health care in this modern era, a system well grounded in routine surveillance and medical intelligence as the backbone of the health sector is necessary, besides adequate management couple with strong leadership principles.
164 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the state of the Nigerian health care system and provided possible recommendations to the worsening state of health care in the country, and gave up-to-date recommendations for the Nigerian Health care system, also aimed at reviewing the dynamics of health Care in the United States, Britain, and Europe with regards to methods of medical intelligence/surveillance.
Abstract: Objectives : As an important element of national security, public health not only functions to provide adequate and timely medical care but also track, monitor, and control disease outbreak. The Nigerian health care had suffered several infectious disease outbreaks year after year. Hence, there is need to tackle the problem. This study aims to review the state of the Nigerian health care system and to provide possible recommendations to the worsening state of health care in the country. To give up-to-date recommendations for the Nigerian health care system, this study also aims at reviewing the dynamics of health care in the United States, Britain, and Europe with regards to methods of medical intelligence/surveillance. Materials and Methods : Databases were searched for relevant literatures using the following keywords: Nigerian health care, Nigerian health care system, and Nigerian primary health care system. Additional keywords used in the search were as follows: United States (OR Europe) health care dynamics, Medical Intelligence, Medical Intelligence systems, Public health surveillance systems, Nigerian medical intelligence, Nigerian surveillance systems, and Nigerian health information system. Literatures were searched in scientific databases Pubmed and African Journals OnLine. Internet searches were based on Google and Search Nigeria. Results : Medical intelligence and surveillance represent a very useful component in the health care system and control diseases outbreak, bioattack, etc. There is increasing role of automated-based medical intelligence and surveillance systems, in addition to the traditional manual pattern of document retrieval in advanced medical setting such as those in western and European countries. Conclusion : The Nigerian health care system is poorly developed. No adequate and functional surveillance systems are developed. To achieve success in health care in this modern era, a system well grounded in routine surveillance and medical intelligence as the backbone of the health sector is necessary, besides adequate management couple with strong leadership principles.
61 citations
TL;DR: Although isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) was offered to HCWs with positive baseline TST or QFT results, only a small proportion had completed INH therapy, and the prevalence estimates of TST and QFT positivity were comparable, with high concordance between test results.
Abstract: To the Editors:
Healthcare workers (HCWs) in high tuberculosis (TB)-burden countries are known to have a substantially higher risk of latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease [1], and this has been demonstrated repeatedly in India [2, 3]. Several studies have evaluated interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) in HCWs [4], but no study has reported the predictive value of IGRAs in this population of HCWs at risk for TB exposure.
Between January and June 2004, we had performed a cross-sectional comparison of the tuberculin skin test (TST) (1 tuberculin unit of purified protein derivation RT23) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT; Cellestis Ltd, Melbourne, Australia) in a cohort of 726 HCWs (719 had valid test results for both tests) at the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (Sevagram, India), with young trainees making up half the cohort [5]. A total of 360 (50%) HCWs were found to be positive using either the TST or QFT assay at baseline, and 226 (31%) were found to be positive using both tests. The prevalence estimates of TST and QFT positivity were comparable, with high concordance between test results [5]. Although isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) was offered to HCWs with positive baseline TST or QFT results, only a small proportion had completed INH therapy.
In 2010, ∼6 yrs after …
19 citations
TL;DR: It is revealed that leptin is an independent determinant of BMD in patients with T2DM, and further research is necessary to confirm this association and to develop ways to correct abnormalities of bone metabolism in Patients with T1DM.
Abstract: To investigate the possible relationship of leptin to bone mineral density (BMD) in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we screened 168 Belarusian men aged 45-65 years. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were assessed, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were calcu- lated. Hemoglobin A1c, immune-reactive insulin (IRI), serum total testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were also evaluated. BMD was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. By univariate linear regression analysis, BMD was significantly correlated with body mass index (r = 0.23, P = 0.002) and leptin (r = 0.21, P = 0.006). By multivariate regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors, log leptin was independently corre- lated with BMD (b = 0.058, P = 0.001). Our study revealed that leptin is an independent determinant of BMD in patients with T2DM. Further research is necessary to confirm this association and to develop ways to correct abnormalities of bone metabolism in patients with T2DM.
18 citations
TL;DR: Detailed analyses of nucleotide usage biases in genes from leading and lagging strands led to the suggestion that 3GC in genes situated near terminus of replication grows due to higher rates of thymine oxidation producing T to C transitions in lagged strands.
11 citations
TL;DR: Serum leptin level was positively correlated with Mineral density and a lean mass was significantly correlated with mineral density in boys and girls and a significant gender differences were revealed in “total body“ criteria.
Abstract: Total body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) can be used as an specific method of measuring body composition to identify the individual risk of metabolic complications in children. Objective: To investigate serum leptin level and its relationship with bone mineral density in obese children. Materials and Methods: 91 children with obesity (male / female = 52/39, mean age 12,81 ± 0,5 years) were involved. DEXA was used to determine bone mineral density and body composition. BMI were average 95 percentile for age and sex. Serum leptin was measured using ELISA by “DRG Diagnostics“ (USA). All the data were performed non-parametric (ANOVA, test of Mann-Whitney U) and parametric (t-Student criterion) methods. Results: The mean BMI m/f (29,7 ± 0,68/28,3 ± 0,52 kg/m2) (p = 0,05). A significant gender differences were revealed in “total body“ criteria, more pronounced in girls. Decrease of the mineral density by Z-score(-2,5 Standard Deviation) were found in 20% of boys and 22% of girls at puberty age. A correlation bone mineral density and lean mass were observed in prepubertal (r = 0,9) and early pubertal (r = 0,79) boys groups. This correlations wasn't noted in girls. Serum leptin level was positively correlated with mineral density (m / f) prepubertal (r = 0,3 / 0,46), early pubertal (r = 0,32 / 0,49), pubertal (r = 0,4 / 0,58) groups, more expressed in girls (p> 0,01). Conclusions: Serum leptin level was positively correlated with mineral density. A lean mass was significantly correlated with mineral density in boys.
5 citations
TL;DR: Significant differences in the pattern of alcohol use and related problems exist among the students of various cultural groups – the Slavs and Arabs in Minsk, Belarus.
Abstract: Background: Alcohol abuse is a major problem among students in Belarus. Alcohol-related problems might vary among students of different cultural backgrounds. Objectives: To examine the different patterns in alcohol use and related problems among students of different cultural groups – the Slavs and Arabs, in major Belarusian universities. Methods: 1465 university students (1345 Slavs and 120 Arabs) from three major universities in Minsk, Belarus, were administered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Cut, Annoyed, Guilty and Eye questionnaire, and the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test, including other alcohol-related questions. Results: Overall, 91.08% (n = 1225) Slavs and 60.83% (n = 73) Arabs were alcohol users. A total of 16.28% (n = 219) Slavs and 32.50% (n = 39) Arabs were identified as problem drinkers. Different patterns of alcohol use and related problems were characterized for the Slavs and Arabs. The level of alcohol-related problems was higher among the Arabs, compared to the Slavs....
4 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The developed expert system allows high efficiency in making a differential diagnosis of thyroid follicular cancer and follicular adenoma and its invariability for all 12 iterations testified to the reliability of an expert system.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine the efficiency of the developed expert system based on a set of qualitative signs of cell atypia and their weighting coefficients in the differential diagnosis of follicular cancer and follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland. STUDY DESIGN Sixty cytologic preparations of patients with histologic diagnosis of a follicular cancer and follicular adenoma were investigated. RESULTS Weighting coefficients for each sign of atypia for both forms of pathology have been calculated with the help of the deduced equation. This allowed creating an expert system by which the function of transforming qualitative signs of cell atypia to a quantitative form was realized. "Strength reserve" according to the diagnostic index value, coincidence of the verified diagnosis with the histologic conclusion, and its invariability for all 12 iterations testified to the reliability of an expert system. Preliminary trials showed the efficiency of an expert system for differentiating the nature of a thyroid follicular tumor to be 97.5%. CONCLUSION The developed expert system allows high efficiency in making a differential diagnosis of thyroid follicular cancer and follicular adenoma.
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Elevated serum TC in SCAP is associated with disease severity and could identify SCAP patients at high risk of IHM, predict DICUS and VS requirement.
Abstract: Background: Elevated serum total cortisol (TC) levels in critically-ill patients revealed association with severity of critical illness as well as risk of death.We aimed to evaluate adrenal function in SCAP patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission and it9s relationship with SCAP severity, outcomes (in-hospital mortality (IHM), duration of ICU stay (DICUS)), need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and vasopressor support (VS). Methods: 30 ICU patients with SCAP CURB-65 class 3-5 were enrolled. Control group included 16 healthy volunteers. Serum basal TC and ACTH were measured on the 1st and 8th days. Results: Increasing CAP severity was associated with increased TC values both on admission and day 8 (r=0,87; p=0,011 and r=0,88; p=0,019).Their levels revealed statistical difference in CURB-65 score classes (p=0,033 and p=0,048 respectively). TC on admission and day 8 values demonstrated significant correlation with IHM (r=0,86;p=0,011 and r=0,88; p=0,021 respectively) and were higher in non-survivors vs those in survivors [median:1377 vs 865 nmol/l, p=0,033 and 823 vs 387 nmol/l, p=0,049 respectively]. TC on admission levels correlated with need for VS (r=0,87, p=0,012) and showed higher concentrations in patients requiring VS [1377 vs 865 nmol/l, p=0,034].TC values on the 1st day were associated with DICUS (r=0,89; p=0,019).ACTH values on ICU admission appeared to be higher in patients requiring IMV [33,5 vs 11,4 ng/ml respectively], (r=0,72; p=0,047), but were not statistically different. Conclusions: Elevated serum TC in SCAP is associated with disease severity and could identify SCAP patients at high risk of IHM, predict DICUS and VS requirement.
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Increased CRP values in SCAP patients requiring ICU admission are associated with disease severity, negative X-ray dynamics and could be used for identifying patients with high IHM risk, prediction of DICUS, necessity of VS and IMV.
Abstract: Background: Among SCAP patients mortality is usually high, especially in those requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or vasopressor support (VS).We aimed to assess CRP on admission and 8th day values association with mortality and adverse outcomes in SCAP patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
Methods: 30 ICU patients with SCAP (CURB-65 class 3,4) were enrolled. Control group included 16 healthy volunteers. X-ray examination, CRP levels measurement were performed on admission and on day 8. The main endpoints were in-hospital outcomes (in-hospital mortality (IHM),duration of ICU stay (DICUS)), necessity of IMV and VS.
Results: CRP values correlated with CURB-65 score (r=0,8;p<0,05 and r=0,76;p<0,05 respectively) and were statistically different in CURB-65 class 3 and 4 patients (p<0,05).CRP levels were higher in non-survivors vs survivors \[median\] \[311 vs 241mg/ml,p<0,05 respectively\]on the 1st and 8th days [249 vs 89 mg/ml, p<0,05 respectively], revealed correlation with IHM (r=0,64; p<0,05 and r=0,6; p<0,05 respectively). Longer DICUS was associated with higher CRP values on admission (r=0,43; p<0,05). CRP on the 1st day correlated with necessity of VS and IMV (r=0,79; p<0,05 and r=0,63; p<0,05 respectively), their values appeared to be higher in patients requiring VS and IMV vs those who didn't need them [311 vs 244 mg/ml respectively, p<0,05]. Negative X-ray dynamics was associated with increased CRP levels on the 1st day (r=0,55; p<0,05).
Conclusions: Increased CRP values in SCAP patients requiring ICU admission are associated with disease severity, negative X-ray dynamics and could be used for identifying patients with high IHM risk, prediction of DICUS, necessity of VS and IMV.
1 citations
01 May 2011
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinematics of fluid flow in the measuring unit of a rotational viscometer with variation in the rotational velocity by the exponential law has been considered, and the asymptotic expression for calculation of the rate of shear and the dimensionless parameter determining the regime of steady-state flow have been obtained.
Abstract: The kinematics of fluid flow in the measuring unit of a rotational viscometer with variation in the rotational velocity by the exponential law has been considered. The asymptotic expression for calculation of the rate of shear and the dimensionless parameter determining the regime of steady-state flow have been obtained. Experimental check of this method has been carried out. It has been shown that exponential variation in the rotational velocity of the measuring unit makes it possible to cut the time of measurement of the flow curve and to improve the accuracy of measurement in the region of low shear rates.
TL;DR: In this article, new experimental data from studies of the etiopathogenesis of amyotrophic leukospongiosis (AL) obtained by immunoblotting and electron and atomic force microscopy are presented.
Abstract: New experimental data from studies of the etiopathogenesis of amyotrophic leukospongiosis (AL) obtained by immunoblotting and electron and atomic force microscopy are presented. This disease is characterized by gradual progression of flaccid paralysis of the limbs and truncal muscles with inevitable lethal outcomes due to spinal respiratory disorders; there are no impairments to cranial nerve function or pyramidal signs and all types of sensation are preserved. The main morphological appearances of AL consist of death of motoneurons throughout the spinal cord, combined with spongiosis of the white matter of the brain (axon degeneration on the background of preserved myelin sheaths). Human brain specimens obtained at autopsy from victims of AL always showed protease-resistant prion protein (PrPAL), aggregating into characteristic polymorphous amyloid-like structures. Previous studies have shown that brain homogenates and their highly purified fractions have in vitro infectivity. The new data provide evidence supporting the view that the disease has a prion nature and is one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.