Showing papers by "Belarusian State Medical University published in 2022"

Azithromycin Modulates Release of Steroid-Insensitive Cytokines from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract: Oxidative stress reduces responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids (GCs). Azithromycin was shown to modulate corticosteroid resistance mechanisms in COPD patients. However, its ability to enhance anti-inflammatory properties of GCs on the production of cytokines by PBMCs has not well been elucidated.Heparinised blood was collected from 27 patients with COPD. Phytohaemagglutinin-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators from PBMCs and production of intracellular cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin in the presence or absence of 10 μg/mL azithromycin and 10 nM budesonide were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry.Azithromycin decreased the secretion of interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17A from PBMCs, as well as the production of IL-4 and IL-8 by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The combination of azithromycin and budesonide suppressed inflammatory response by inhibition of IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) release from PBMCs and by reduction of the percentage of IL-4-, IL-8-, interferon γ- and tumor necrosis factor a-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The inhibitory effect of azithromycin combined with budesonide on IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-17A, TSLP production by PBMCs, as well as IL-4 and IL-8 production by T helper cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes was significantly greater than the effect of budesonide alone.Azithromycin in combination with budesonide enhances GC properties by inhibiting synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood cells of COPD patients.

Learning Path of Distance Education in Regional Universities: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract: The global online transition has become a real challenge to the traditional form of education which have led universities to overhaul the delivery of education services. A sociological study was conducted, based on the study of the relationship of academic teaching staff, their assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken by the universities in organizing the transition to DL format of education. The study was attended by lecturers from regional universities in Russia, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia. The results of the study revealed the most organized and optimistic category of lecturers from Mongolian universities and focused on the main problems in the implementation of the DL of all universities at the ATS level. The normalization of the epidemiological situation in the future will make it possible for universities to define their approaches to the use of DLT and their role in the traditional face-to-face education system in accordance with the needs of the students and the characteristics of social rehabilitation of the economic level of development of each country.

Tissue-Engineered Constructions in Biophysics, Neurology and Other Fields and Branches of Medicine

Abstract: This paper describes the gangliopexy method, a method for creating a new center of local neurohumoral regulation, based on the formation of new connections discovered between the nervous system and the vascular system. The prospects for the development of this method are studied. At the same time, novel concepts about the cycles of nitric oxide and the superoxide anion radical are introduced. A possible role of these cycles is examined in the protection of cells and the body as a whole against oxidative and nitrosative stress, which develops when (in 5-30% of cases) destructive changes in the displaced ganglion lead to vascular complications and an increased risk of mortality. Mechanisms that can protect nerve cells, prevent the development of destructive changes in these cells and reduce the risk of mortality are also investigated.