Showing papers by "Bowling Green State University published in 1981"
TL;DR: The data indicate that social play can be efficiently studied in the laboratory rat and, further, that one function of play may be to establish stable social relationships.
Abstract: Play behavior, as indicated by frequency and duration of pinning behavior, was studied in young rats between 18 and 64 days of age. The incidence of play was markedly increased by social isolation. Play increased from 18-28 days of age, peaked between 32 and 40 days of age, and gradually declined thereafter. Animals developed stable "dominance hierarchies" during the course of testing so that one animal pinned the other on the average 70% of the time. Also "dominant" animals exhibited the longer pin durations. The data indicate that social play can be efficiently studied in the laboratory rat and, further, that one function of play may be to establish stable social relationships.
508 citations
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TL;DR: A method is presented, called majority rule, which can be used to define a consensus of these classifications, and some mathematical properties of this consensus tree are discussed.
Abstract: It is not unusual for several classifications to be given for the same collection of objects. We present a method, called majority rule, which can be used to define a consensus of these classifications. We also discuss some mathematical properties of this consensus tree.
454 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ecdysteroid titer of Manduca sexta was characterized by large increases lasting approximately 24 and 60 hours, respectively, and these peaks occurred just before ecdysis.
309 citations
205 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for ascending endorphin-mediated inhibition of excitatory forebrain sites for distress vocalizations in adult guinea pigs.
Abstract: Distress vocalizations were produced in adult guinea pigs by electrical stimulation of the dorsomedial thalamus or the septum-preoptic area. Both of these forebrain-derived vocalizations were increased by systemic administration of naloxone and were inhibited by analgesic periventricular gray stimulation. Naloxone blocked the inhibitory effects of the analgesic stimulation on thalamic vocalizations. Stimulation of nonanalgesic mesencephalic sites in close proximity to the periventricular gray increased the anterior-elicited vocalizations. These data provide evidence for ascending endorphin-mediated inhibition of excitatory forebrain sites for distress vocalizations.
190 citations
TL;DR: Diprenorphine binding was higher in isolate-tested animals than socially-tested ones, suggesting that social interaction may promote endogenous brain opioid release.
158 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons of reproductive behaviors of three age classes of California gulls demonstrate that reproductive effort increases with age in this seabird, contradict the assumption that increased reproductive success with age results from increased experience and social status and demonstrate that selection for increased reproductive effort can occur in long-lived species.
Abstract: Comparisons of reproductive behaviors of three age classes of California gulls demonstrate that reproductive effort increases with age in this seabird. These findings contradict the assumption that increased reproductive success with age results from increased experience and social status and demonstrate that selection for increased reproductive effort can occur in long-lived species.
139 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that a plane of order 10 can have only the identical coilineation, which leaves the code as the main tool for investigating planes of order10 if any exist, or for showing non-existence of such a plane.
124 citations
TL;DR: It is reported that males frequently transfer into the same social groups as their older maternally related brothers, consistent with proposals that brothers who behave nepotistically and noncompetitively have high inclusive fitness.
Abstract: Either during or shortly after sexual maturation, male rhesus monkeys leave the social groups in which they were born and join other non-natal groups (refs 1, 2 and unpublished data). Here we report that males frequently transfer into the same social groups as their older maternally related brothers. Such brothers spent more time close to each other than to other males, formed alliances with brothers more frequently than with non-brothers and disrupted each other's interactions with oestrous females less frequently than expected by chance. They also spent more time in non-natal groups than did males who did not have a brother in the group. Length of time in a group is positively associated with male dominance rank1 and probably with reproductive success. The data are consistent with proposals that brothers who behave nepotistically and noncompetitively have high inclusive fitness.
98 citations
01 Feb 1981
TL;DR: A plagiarism detection system which was recently implemented in the department of computer science is being used to detect similarities in student programs.
Abstract: The problem of plagiarism in programming assignments by students in computer science courses has caused considerable concern among both faculty and students. There are a number of methods which instructors use in an effort to control the plagiarism problem. In this paper we describe a plagiarism detection system which was recently implemented in our department. This system is being used to detect similarities in student programs.
89 citations
TL;DR: A model is proposed here which allows the paralleling of stations, thereby achieving a higher production rate and lower labour costs, and results in a mixed integer program.
Abstract: A critical assumption made in formulating the classical assembly line balancing model is that the line is ‘serial’ with no ‘paralleling’ of stations allowed. A model is proposed here which allows the paralleling of stations, thereby achieving a higher production rate and lower labour costs. The mathematical formulation of the proposed model results in a mixed integer program. A branch and bound and a heuristic solution procedure, derived from the branch and bound method, are presented. An example problem is used for illustration. Some computational experience is also provided.
TL;DR: It is shown that right-hemispheric memory storage of faces can be induced in females through affective imagery and in both sexes via idiosyncratically perceived emotionality in the face stimuli, and this effect of affectivity cannot be attributed to visual-spatial dominannce of the right hemisphere.
TL;DR: Operator self-similar stochastic processes taking values in a finite dimensional Euclidean space are introduced and some of their properties are studied in this paper, where the authors consider the case where the operator self is a deterministic process.
TL;DR: In male mice, lesions in the medial preoptic area (MPA) reduced the proportion of animals showing mounting behavior but failed to abolish ano-genital exploration of the female.
01 Sep 1981
TL;DR: It was concluded that the technique taught to the experimental group produced a reduction in skeletal muscle tension and a decrease in stress responding mediated by the adrenal cortex.
Abstract: The effect of EMG biofeedback-assisted relaxation on blood pressure and selected biochemical parameters was evaluated in 38 patients with essential hypertension. Training consisted of 8 weeks of biofeedback and home practice of relaxation exercises. Mean blood pressure decreased in the experimental group from 144/90 to 133/84 mm Hg while the control group remained unchanged. Statistically significant decreases in the experimental group also occurred in muscle tension levels, in plasma aldosterone, and in urinary cortisol. Both aldosterone and cortisol are secreted by the adrenal cortex. It was concluded that the technique taught to the experimental group produced a reduction in skeletal muscle tension and a decrease in stress responding mediated by the adrenal cortex.
TL;DR: Cerebral corpus callosum section is possibly as therapeutically effective as multiple cerebral commissurotomy while, according to the report of Risse et al, allowing a substantially greater retention of the important adaptive function of inter-hemispheric exchange of information.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for an energy intake regulatory mechanism situated in the BVMH whose outputs may modulate activity in the substantia nigra and midline brain stem areas.
TL;DR: The results of these experiments argue against species differences, response-dependency, and reinforcer quality as variables affecting the direction of preference in albino rats.
Abstract: Two experiments were completed allowing albino rats to choose between signaled and unsignaled reward conditions. These experiments examined the effects on preference of (1) response dependent versus response-independent reward and, (2) food pellets versus chocolate milk as the reward. All subjects preferred the signaled condition over the unsignaled condition, whether exposed to response-dependent, or to response-independent delivery of rewards. Preference was controlled most effectively by presenting both the signal itself and the correlated stimulus identifying the signaled condition. The signal presented alone (Extinction 3) controlled preference more effectively than did the stimulus correlated with the signaled condition (Extinction 2). The second experiment showed that the quality of the reinforcer (pellets and chocolate milk) did not affect preference for signaled reward since all subjects preferred the signaled condition at levels comparable to those observed in Experiment 1, with food pellets. These results, along with others, argue against species differences, response-dependency, and reinforcer quality as variables affecting the direction of preference.
TL;DR: The results implicate muscarinic receptor participation in the control of separation-induced distress, and support the suggestion that nicotine-induced DV suppression may result from activation of behaviorally relevantMuscarinic receptors via central release of acetylcholine.
TL;DR: This paper examined whether differences in the development of critical reasoning abilities among undergraduates can be attributed to factors other than college attendance, and specifically to differences in chronological maturation, and found that seniors scored higher than freshman.
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship of career and academic major choice status to levels of state anxiety among undergraduate students and found a significant main effect for career choice status, with subjects reporting they had already decided on a career direction exhibiting lower levels of anxiety than those who had not.
TL;DR: In this paper, the p-vinylbenzoyl-p-tert-butyl perbenzoate (VBPE) has been synthesized and polymerized by normal procedures without loss of perester activity.
Abstract: In a previous report we have shown that efficiently photodecomposable, but thermally stable, peresters can be made from a compound that contains both a triplet photosensitizer functionality and a perester group. This fundamental approach has been extended to make a novel vinyl monomer containing a triplet sensitizer and a perester group. Thus, the monomer p-vinylbenzoyl-p-tert-butyl perbenzoate (VBPE) has been synthesized and polymerized by normal procedures without loss of perester activity. The resulting polymer perester can be used as an efficient photolabile radical source by irradiating at the λmax of the benzophenone carbonyl moiety. The homopolymer (PVBPE) and copolymers with other monomers, such as styrene, could be photocrosslinked with high efficiency. Copolymers of VBPE and styrene containing low percentages of VBPE have been used to initiate graft chains of poly(methyl methacrylate) by irradiating a solution of the copolymer in methyl methacrylate at 366 nm.
TL;DR: In this paper, the excited triplet benzophenone carbonyl group of the perester is quenched by vinyl monomers, thus reducing the rate of decomposition of BPE when it is used as a photoinitiator.
Abstract: p-Benzoylperoxybenzoic acid tert-butylester (BPE) undergoes an efficient photodecomposition producing cleavage of the peroxy bond. The excited triplet benzophenone carbonyl group of the perester is quenched by vinyl monomers (the degree of which depends on the type of monomer used) thus reducing the rate of decomposition of BPE when it is used as a photoinitiator. Radicals generated from the decomposition of BPE are highly efficient in initiating vinyl polymerization. The benzophenone-containing end groups of the polymer chain can be estimated and the carbonyl function is useful for polymer modification.
TL;DR: Attitude and absorption were found to have small positive correlations with susceptibility, results which corroborate previous research.
Abstract: 2 factors which have been found to correlate to a small degree with susceptibility are (a) an individual's attitude toward being hypnotized and (b) an individual's capacity for subjective involvement in an experience (absorption). The present study was an attempt to replicate previous findings by Spanos and McPeake (1975) and to extend these findings to determine if there was a significant interaction between these 2 factors in their relationship to susceptibility. 99 Ss (65 females and 34 males) completed the absorption questionnaire of Tellegen (1979) and the attitude questionnaire of Barber and Calverley (1966). Their hypnotic susceptibility was assessed with the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (Shor & E. Orne, 1962). Attitude and absorption were found to have small positive correlations with susceptibility, results which corroborate previous research. The multiple regression analyses indicated that there were no significant interactions between the factors of attitude, ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present four problems in which they selected data and then made a judgment based on those data, and half the subjects were “force-fed” truly diagnostic data.
Abstract: Pseudodiagnosticity is the tendency of people to select diagnostically worthless data in an opinion revision task and then to make a judgment based on those data. University students were presented four problems in which they selected data and then made a judgment based on those data. Knowledge of results was provided on each trial. Half the subjects were “force-fed” truly diagnostic data. Getting the correct answer virtually guaranteed that subjects repeated the data selection strategy that preceded it. Data selection following an incorrect answer was contingent upon whether the subjects had seen diagnostically relevant data.
TL;DR: Study of allozymic variation at 36 loci in samples of House mouse (Mus musculus) populations collected from the island of Hawaii and two islets in the Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands are reported.
Abstract: Studies of allozymic variation at 36 loci in samples of House mouse (Mus musculus) populations collected from the island of Hawaii and two islets in the Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands are reported. All three populations carried a great deal of inherited variation: the Hawaiian sample had a mean heterozygosity of 16.6% per locus, which is the highest value so far found for a mouse population. The mean heterozygosities for the two atoll populations were 11.4% and 10.9%.
There were no changes in either heterozygosity or allozyme frequencies with age. In this respect, these populations from the tropical Pacific differed from populations living in cold temperate regions where natural selection has been shown to affect allele frequencies in different ways at different stages of the life cycle.
TL;DR: In this article, a set-labeled tree is used to derive a recurrence equation giving the number t ( n, r ) of cladistic characters on n species having r states.
Abstract: A cladistic character can be viewed as a type of set-labeled tree. This representation is used to derive a recurrence equation giving the number t ( n,r ) of cladistic characters on n species having r states. Values for t ( n,r ) are given for r up to 5 and n up to 30.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that without considering data for igneous carbon (carbonatites) or for ultrahigh metamorphic calcareous gneisses such as are found in the Grenville province of North America, the conclusion that the source of carbon for vein graphite is magmatic or carbonate carbon is not justified.
Abstract: Argues that without considering data for igneous carbon (carbonatites) or for ultrahigh metamorphic calcareous gneisses such as are found in the Grenville province of North America, the conclusion that the source of carbon for vein graphite is magmatic or carbonate carbon is not justified. Points out that marbles and calc-silicate gneisses occur with the graphite-bearing granulite facies rocks in Sri Lanka. Calcite may also be seen in the veins with the graphite. Concludes that whether the graphite in epigenetic veins in high grade schists and gneisses has variable carbon isotope ratios depends on whether it was derived from organic material in carbonate or noncarbonate metasediments.