Showing papers by "Fatima Jinnah Women University published in 2022"

Metabolites produced by inoculated Vigna radiata during bacterial assisted phytoremediation of Pb, Ni and Cr polluted soil

Abstract: Phytoremediation assisted with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a green technology to remediate metal contaminated soils. Plants usually produce secondary metabolites to tolerate metal toxicity. Present study was designed to explore the phytoremediation potential of Vigna radiata var. NM-II in the presence of metal resistant PGPB and comparison of metabolites produced under heavy metal stresses (Pb, Ni, Cr). Three PGPB selected for present study include Bacillus pumilus MB246, Serratia nematodiphila MB307 and Delftia Lacustris MB322. Pot experiments were conducted with inoculated V . radiata NM-II seeds grown in soil artificially contaminated with lead (Pb), Nickle (Ni) and chromium (Cr) at a concentration of 300, 200 and 100 mg/kg respectively. After harvesting various growth parameters were studied (root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight). Bacterial colonization on root surfaces of harvested plants was observed through Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Elemental composition was recorded through Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) attached with SEM. Metabolic response of harvested plants was studied through Gas chromatography Mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis. Metal accumulation in roots, shoots and soil was analysed by acid digestion method from which Bioaccumulation factor (BF) and Translocation factor (TF) of metal from soil to plant was calculated. Results revealed stimulatory effect of PGPB on growth and phytoextraction ability of V . radiata . Soil metal removal efficiency was in the order Pb>Ni>Cr, whereas metal distribution in each part of plant was root>stem>leaf. The BF and TF values suggested V . radiata as Pb and Ni excluder while moderate accumulator for Cr. Elemental analysis through Energy Dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDX) found potassium (K + )and calcium (Ca + )as highly abundant nutrients with least accumulation of sulphur (S). Metabolites study through GC-MS revealed variety of compounds (carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, steroids etc) detected differentially under each metal treatment and their concentration was influenced by different bacterial inoculations. Overall 9-Octadecenamide was found as commonly present lipid compound in most of the treatments which is required for detoxification in plants. The study concluded beneficial role of PGPB for successful phytoremediation of heavy metals and differential response of metabolites towards each metal stress that is related to metal tolerance ability of V . radiata .

Molecular and Morphological Identification of Fish gut Micro biota at different growth stages of Labeo rohita

Abstract: Abstract Introduction:The gut microbiota plays a significant role in fish health and pathogenicity. L.rohita is well known farmed fish it is also a culture with other major carps.Methodology:The present study was conducted to determine the molecular and morphological identification of gut microbiota of L.rohita collected from the fish hatchery in Faisalabad. Isolation of bacteria was carried out through the culture techniques. The morphological identification of bacterial isolates was determined by the gram staining, biochemical tests TSI, and MR-VP test. The molecular identification was done by 16S rRNA techniques.Results:The results of the present research work showed that the 20 strains of bacteria were isolated from the gut of L.rohita and all these isolates were gram-negative and morphological identify based on biochemical tests i-e TSI and MR-VP test. Biofilm results indicated that six, eight, and six isolates showed weak, moderate, and strong biofilm.Conclusion:The highest and lowest resistance showed against cefadroxil and Levofloxin respectively. The lowest intermediate isolates were found against cefadroxil, polymyxin B, and colistin, and the highest intermediate was found against ceftriaxone. The highest sensitive isolates were found against Levofloxin and the lowest sensitive isolate was found in cefadroxil, nitrofurantoin, and cefoxitin. Based on 16Sr RNA sequencing and phylogenetic relationship among isolates 17 isolates were determined in the present study. Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Morganella morganii, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter braakii, Enterobacter hormaechei, Psychrobacter sanguinis, Shigella dysenteriae, Citrobacter cronae, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas sihuiensis, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter hormaechei were found in the intestine of L.rohita

A Novel Wideband Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) Fed Antenna for Energy Harvesting at 2.45 GHz

Abstract: Conversion of electric power from a high voltage to a low voltage causes power losses that also require efficient circuit design techniques to be implemented for durability of a system. Energy harvesting techniques have been implemented to cater to the power demand of low power electronic devices using electromagnetic, electrostatic, and other related technologies. This paper represents the compact design of an antenna system tuned at 2.45 GHz for radio frequency energy harvesting applications. The simulation results achieve a better gain of 5.4 dB along with enhanced radiation patterns. Impedance matching for 50 Ohm is implemented using a high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The results of the antenna gain, VSWR, and radiation efficiency are compared with the literature. Furthermore, the size of the antenna system has great significance in medical and military related applications; this aspect is also considered in this design and overall, a 20 mm × 37 mm compact antenna is achieved by using mm wave considerations. This antenna design can be embedded in the wireless sensor network (WSN), RFID, and IoT related application to generate the required power required. Mostly, WSN nodes currently use traditional batteries that need to be replaced after some time. As in most cases, WSN nodes are scattered in wide geographical areas, so maintaining the power to these systems becomes challenging. RF energy harvesting provides a solution in these cases where wind, vibration, and solar sources are scarce. The simulated impedance bandwidth is found to range from 1.1 GHz to 5.2 GHz within the acceptable VSWR values.

Early-Stage Progression of Breast Cancer

Abstract: Breast cancer consists of group of molecularly heterogenous disease in which breast cells start growing in a prolific way. Globally, breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and is the main cause of cancer deaths in women. As compared to developing countries, developed countries showed higher prevalence rate of cancerous cells of breast among women. There are five different stages of breast cancer. The proliferation of breast cells can start in different areas of breast, e.g., ducts, lobules, and tissues lie in between them. Stage zero breast cancer is non-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ DCIS, whereas stage 1 through stage 4 is called invasive breast cancer. The commonly known categories of invasive type breast cancer are IDC (Invasive ductal carcinoma) and ILC (Invasive lobular carcinoma). Early-stage breast cancer has considerably high potential to cure. Sensitivity of the chemotherapy is affected due to the cancer characteristics and by molecular classification. Molecular classification of breast cancer based on estrogen receptor negative group such as HER2 enriched, normal breast, and basal shaped is more sensitive to chemotherapy as compared to estrogen receptor positive group having luminal type disease. Etiology of breast cancer involves both genetic and non-genetic factors. Genetic counseling of the patient must consider both profiles of family history along with mutation location inside the body. Susceptibility genes associated with breast cancer etiology and prognosis can be classified as low penetrance genes and high penetrance genes. Mutations and polymorphisms in low penetrance genes are frequent in population and are linked with low risk as compared to high penetrance genes mutations that are linked with high risk. Mutations involved in breast cancer are identified by clinical genetic testing that provides survival benefits to the patients by focusing on early screening and prevention strategies. A wide range of cancer cases are reported because of the mutations in any of the high penetrance breast cancer genes including PTEN, STK11, BRCA1, TP53, BRAC2, CDH1. Different studies have reported that few number of low penetrance genes have been used as an advance genetic testing methods. Association of the low penetrance genes such as BARD, BRIP, MLH, MSH2 & 6, PMS2, NBN, RAD51C & 1D with breast cancer is still a question of debate.

Therapeutical Medicine for Wound Healing

Abstract: Wounds are common external or internal damages to the body, usually caused by a physical, chemical, or biological agents. There exists natural repair wound healing repair in that includes immunological responses i.e., inflammation and necrosis. Naturally, body repairs wounds itself, but the period of healing is relatively slow. This healing process may further be delayed by the pathogens attack or weaker immune response. Wounds heal biochemically, but the time of the healing can be reduced by applying different herbs like the plant-based treatments. Sub-continent is rich in having an immense variety of medicinal plants as well. This literature review is about the role of different plants in wound healing, the efficacy of herbs on wound healing.