Showing papers by "Illinois Institute of Technology published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this article , the authors extracted data on the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease study as severe periodontitis burden measures.
Abstract: Background Severe periodontitis is one of the most prevalent diseases and a global public health problem due to its high incidence and prevalence. However, there are few studies on the burden of periodontitis in different regions of the world. Methods We extracted data on the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease study as severe periodontitis burden measures. We also explored the global burden of severe periodontitis according to 21 world regions and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) quintiles. The joinpoint model was used to analyze temporal trends of major regions from 1990 to 2019, and the age-period-cohort model was used to estimate age, period, and cohort trends in severe periodontitis. Results Globally, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate increased from 1990 to 2019 (percentage change: 5.77%, 7.78%, and 8.01%, respectively), with average annual percent changes of 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.3%, respectively. The region with the highest DALY rate was western sub-Saharan Africa with a value of 142.5 (95% uncertainty interval: 56.3, 303.7) per 100,000 in 2019. For the ASIR, ASPR, and DALY, the age effect of severe periodontitis showed an increase followed by a decrease, the period effect showed an upward trend, the cohort effect showed an overall decreasing trend, and the cohort relative risk for incidence for some SDI quintiles showed a slight increase in recent years. Conclusions Oral health varies significantly across regions, and it is essential to address inequalities in oral health between countries. Effective measures to prevent severe periodontitis risk factors should also be taken in regions with low SDI.
3 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the creep characteristics of the salt rock in the southeastern China by triaxial creep test and showed that the higher casing pressure can effectively reduce the creep displacement of the rock, and the higher horizontal principal stress and the overburden pressure can increase the formation deviation stress, thus increasing the sedimentation rate of the sediment.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a two-stage deep learning model was proposed to reduce motion artifacts on dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) liver MRIs, which used a deep residual network with a densely connected multi-resolution block (DRN-DCMB) network to remove most motion artifacts.
1 citations
TL;DR: The crystal structure of elvitegravir Form II has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: The crystal structure of elvitegravir Form II has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Elvitegravir Form II crystallizes in space group P 2 1 (#4) with a = 11.54842(7), b = 14.04367(5), c = 13.33333(8) Å, β = 90.0330(6)°, V = 2162.427(14) Å 3 , and Z = 4. The crystal structure consists of alternating layers of parallel molecules perpendicular to the b -axis. The mean planes of the oxoquinoline ring systems in molecules 1 and 2 are 1(22)-1 and -1(22)1. Between the stacks are layers of the halogenated phenyl rings. These exhibit herringbone stacking. In each molecule, the carboxylic acid group forms a strong intramolecular O–H⋯O hydrogen bond to the nearby carbonyl group. The hydroxyl group of each molecule forms a strong hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group of the carboxylic acid of the other molecule. These O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into dimers, with a graph set R2,2(18) > a > c . The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
TL;DR: The crystal structure of deracoxib has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: The crystal structure of deracoxib has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Deracoxib crystallizes in space group Pbca (#61) with a = 9.68338(11), b = 9.50690(5), c = 38.2934(4) Å, V = 3525.25(3) Å 3 , and Z = 8. The molecules stack in layers parallel to the ab -plane. N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules along the b -axis, in chains with the graph set C1,1(4) , as well as more-complex patterns. N–H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the layers. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
TL;DR: In this article , it was shown that the DP color function is not chromatic-adherent by studying the DP colour function of Generalized Theta graphs and showed that the color function of generalized Theta graph can be determined by the Rearrangement Inequality algorithm.
Abstract: DP-coloring (also called correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring that has been widely studied in recent years after its introduction by Dvořák and Postle in 2015. The chromatic polynomial of a graph is an extensively studied notion in combinatorics since its introduction by Birkhoff in 1912; denoted P(G, m), it equals the number of proper m-colorings of graph G. Counting function analogues of the chromatic polynomial have been introduced and studied for list colorings: $$P_{\ell }$$ , the list color function (1990); DP colorings: $$P_{DP}$$ , the DP color function (2019), and $$P^*_{DP}$$ , the dual DP color function (2021). For any graph G and $$m \in \mathbb {N}$$ , $$P_{DP}(G, m) \le P_\ell (G,m) \le P(G,m) \le P_{DP}^*(G,m)$$ . A function f is chromatic-adherent if for every graph G, $$f(G,a) = P(G,a)$$ for some $$a \ge \chi (G)$$ implies that $$f(G,m) = P(G,m)$$ for all $$m \ge a$$ . It is not known if the list color function and the DP color function are chromatic-adherent. We show that the DP color function is not chromatic-adherent by studying the DP color function of Generalized Theta graphs. The tools we develop along with the Rearrangement Inequality give a new method for determining the DP color function of all Theta graphs and the dual DP color function of all Generalized Theta graphs.
TL;DR: In this paper , a 3D model of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment was constructed by co-culturing spheroids of HCC cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and hepatocytes in a biomimetic composite hydrogel.
Abstract: While a significant number of studies have focused on elucidating the functioning mechanisms of the Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment, the intercellular crosstalk between multiple cells in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Here we co-cultured spheroids of HCC cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and hepatocytes in a biomimetic composite hydrogel to construct a 3D model of the HCC microenvironment in vitro. The model reproduced the major cellular components of early HCC in a biomimetic 3D microenvironment, realizing the visualization of the cellular interplay between cells and the microenvironment. Using this model, we showed that the HSCs were activated when co-cultured with HCC cells and deposed collagen to remodel the microenvironment, which in turn triggered higher EMT levels in HCC cells. The hepatocytes also responded to the existence of HCC cells and the activation of HSCs in co-culture, showing the downregulated expression level of ALB, AFP, and HNF4A. This model recapitulated the activation of HSCs in the HCC microenvironment and enabled visualization of multicellular interplay in 3D, providing a biomimetic platform to investigate mechanisms of HCC and related hepatic fibrosis.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a scalable and efficient encoding model (SEM) for RL-driven scheduling in HPC, which uses two techniques to transform the system resource state into a small-sized vector, hence being capable of representing a large number of system resources in a vector of 100-200.
Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is exploited for cluster scheduling in the field of high-performance computing (HPC). One of the key challenges for RL driven scheduling is state representation for RL agent (i.e., capturing essential features of dynamic scheduling environment for decision making). Existing state encoding approaches either lack critical scheduling information or suffer from poor scalability. In this study, we present SEM (Scalable and Efficient encoding Model) for general RL driven scheduling in HPC. It captures system resource and waiting job state, both being critical information for scheduling. It encodes these pieces of information into a fixed-sized vector as an input to the agent. A typical agent is built on deep neural network, and its training/inference cost grows exponentially with the size of its input. Production HPC systems contain a large number of computer nodes. As such, a direct encoding of each of the system resources would lead to poor scalability of the RL agent. SEM uses two techniques to transform the system resource state into a small-sized vector, hence being capable of representing a large number of system resources in a vector of 100–200. Our trace-based simulations demonstrate that compared to the existing state encoding methods, SEM can achieve 9X training speedup and 6X inference speedup while maintaining comparable scheduling performance.
TL;DR: The crystal structure of Toceranib has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: The crystal structure of toceranib has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Toceranib crystallizes in space group P 2 1 / c (#14) with a = 10.6899(6), b = 24.5134(4), c = 7.8747(4) Å, β = 107.7737(13)°, V = 1965.04(3) Å 3 , and Z = 4. The crystal structure consists of stacks of approximately planar molecules, with N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the layers. The commercial reagent sample was a mixture of two or more phases with toceranib being the dominant phase. The difference between the Rietveld-refined and DFT-optimized structures is larger than usual. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
TL;DR: The crystal structure of butenafine hydrochloride has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: The crystal structure of butenafine hydrochloride has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Butenafine hydrochloride crystallizes in space group P 2 1 (#4) with a = 13.94807(5), b = 9.10722(2), c = 16.46676(6) Å, β = 93.9663(5)°, V = 2086.733(8) Å 3 , and Z = 4. Butenafine hydrochloride occurs as a racemic co-crystal of R and S enantiomers of the cation. The crystal structure is characterized by parallel stacks of aromatic rings along the b -axis. Each cation forms a strong discrete N–H⋯Cl hydrogen bond. The chloride anions also act as acceptors in several C–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds from methylene, methyl, and aromatic groups. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
TL;DR: In this paper , a modified polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) was used to measure time-weighted concentrations of PFAS and other compounds in water.
Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging class of compounds that cause health and environmental problems worldwide. In aquatic environments, PFAS may bioaccumulate in sediment organisms, which can affect the health of organisms and ecosystems. As such, it is important to develop tools to understand their bioaccumulation potential. In this research, the uptake of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) from sediments and water was assessed using a modified polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) as a passive sampler. While POCIS has previously been used to measure time-weighted concentrations of PFAS and other compounds in water, in this work, the design was adapted for analyzing contaminant uptake and pore water concentrations in sediments. The samplers were deployed into seven different tanks containing PFAS-spiked conditions and monitored over 28 days. One tank contained only water with PFOA and PFBS, three tanks contained soil with 4% organic matter, and three tanks contained soil combusted at 550°C to minimize the influence of labile organic carbon. The uptake of PFAS from the water was consistent with previous research using a sampling rate model or simple linear uptake. For the samplers placed in the sediment, the uptake process was explained well using a mass transport based on the external resistance from the sediment layer. PFBS uptake in the samplers occurred faster than PFOA, and uptake was more rapid in the tanks containing the combusted soil. A small degree of competition was observed between the two compounds for the resin, although these effects are unlikely to be significant at environmentally relevant concentrations. The external mass transport model provides a mechanism to extend the POCIS design for measuring the pore water concentrations and sampling releases from sediments. This approach may be useful for environmental regulators and stakeholders involved in PFAS remediation.
05 Feb 2023
TL;DR: Latent Similarity as mentioned in this paper combines a kernel similarity function with metric learning to increase the robustness of prediction and identify important functional connections in the default mode and uncategorized functional networks for predicting age, sex, and intelligence.
Abstract: <p>We present a new machine learning algorithm, Latent Similarity, and use it to predict subject (endo)phenotypes from fMRI data. fMRI can be used to predict dysfunctional mental states. In addition, endophenotypes are known to be predictive of disease status, and are of interest in developmental studies. However, fMRI studies often suffer from small cohort size and high feature dimensionality, making reproducible prediction challenging. The innovation of our algorithm is to combine a kernel similarity function with metric learning to increase the robustness of prediction. Our algorithm becomes robust by utilizing the N squared connections between the N subjects in the cohort, rather than the features of the N subjects themselves. We identify important functional connections in the default mode and uncategorized functional networks for predicting age, sex, and intelligence. We also find that only a few connections contain most of the information required for any predictive task. We believe that our algorithm can be beneficial in small sample size, high noise, high dimensionality settings.</p>
TL;DR: The crystal structure of oxibendazole has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: The crystal structure of oxibendazole has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Oxibendazole crystallizes in space group C 2/ c (#15) with a = 23.18673(22), b = 5.35136(5), c = 19.88932(13) Å, β = 97.0876(9)°, V = 2449.018(17) Å 3 , and Z = 8. The structure consists of hydrogen-bonded layers of planar molecules parallel to the bc -plane. Strong N–H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the molecules into dimers, with a graph set R2,2(8). N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds further link these dimers into layers parallel to the bc -plane. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , a Wiener-Hopf type factorization for a real-valued arithmetic Brownian motion with time-dependent drift and volatility was obtained, which is the first step towards realizing the objective of deriving Wienerhopf factorizations for (real-valued) time-inhomogeneous Lévy processes.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors studied homogenization for a class of non-symmetric pure jump Feller processes, where the jump intensity involves periodic and aperiodic constituents, as well as oscillating and non-oscillating constituents.
Abstract: Abstract We study homogenization for a class of non-symmetric pure jump Feller processes. The jump intensity involves periodic and aperiodic constituents, as well as oscillating and non-oscillating constituents. This means that the noise can come both from the underlying periodic medium and from external environments, and is allowed to have different scales. It turns out that the Feller process converges in distribution, as the scaling parameter goes to zero, to a Lévy process. As special cases of our result, some homogenization problems studied in previous works can be recovered. We also generalize the approach to the homogenization of symmetric stable-like processes with variable order. Moreover, we present some numerical experiments to demonstrate the usage of our homogenization results in the numerical approximation of first exit times.
TL;DR: In this article , the change in local structure at the endpoints of the initial conversion reaction and through three hundred cycles is analyzed by ex situ extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) for Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn K-edges.
27 Mar 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the association between land use, walkability, socioeconomic characteristics, and carbon dioxide emissions at the level of the zip code and found that increasing the walkability of urban areas and renovating retail, art, entertainment and leisure facilities in line with urban sustainability regulations can substantially reduce CO2 emissions.
Abstract: Abstract Cities in the United States (US) with a cool climate, such as Chicago and Boston, are experiencing a decrease in carbon emissions, possibly as a result of an emphasis on public transit and alternative energy sources. A dearth of dependable data on carbon emissions and urban comparison studies between metropolitan regions makes it difficult to support or refute ideal practices and policies. Thus, we evaluated the association between land use, walkability, socioeconomic characteristics, and carbon dioxide emissions at the level of the zip code. The current study analyzes the carbon footprints of four metropolitan locations in climatic zone 5 with a model of every US zip code in order to build a benchmarking prediction model for climate change in every US zip code. Our research indicates that in temperate climates, an increase in the number of enterprises within walking distance decreases CO2 emissions. This suggests that increasing the walkability of urban areas and renovating retail, art, entertainment, and leisure facilities in line with urban sustainability regulations can substantially reduce CO2 emissions.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the ways of solving crystal structures ab initio using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data are illustrated, primarily via examples, and the possibilities of using microcrystals and polycrystals are described.
Abstract: The ways of solving crystal structures ab initio using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data are illustrated, primarily via examples. Since indexing (determining the unit cell from the powder pattern) can be a bottleneck, common indexing algorithms are described. With a unit cell, lattice matching techniques can be used to identify structural analogs, and avoid the ab initio solution problem. Examples of structure solution using reciprocal space techniques (direct methods and charge flipping), real space techniques (crystal structure prediction), and hybrid techniques (Monte Carlo simulated annealing) are provided, as well as examples using model building. The possibilities of using microcrystals and polycrystals are described. An example of resonant scattering is given. The accuracy and precision which can be expected from synchrotron powder crystallography are summarized.
TL;DR: The crystal structure of Encorafenib was solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: The crystal structure of encorafenib, C 22 H 27 ClFN 7 O 4 S, has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Encorafenib crystallizes in space group P 2 1 (#4) with a = 16.17355(25), b = 9.52334(11), c = 17.12368(19) Å, β = 89.9928(22)°, V = 2637.50(4) Å 3 , and Z = 4. The crystal structure consists of alternating layers of stacked halogenated phenyl rings and the other parts of the molecules perpendicular to the a -axis. One molecule participates in two strong N–H⋯N hydrogen bonds (one intra- and the other intermolecular), which are not present for the other molecule. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds link molecule 2 into a spiral chain along the b -axis. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
TL;DR: The crystal structure of besifloxacin hydrochloride has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: The crystal structure of besifloxacin hydrochloride has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Besifloxacin hydrochloride crystallizes in space group P 1 (#1) with a = 5.36596(8), b = 10.3234(4), c = 17.9673(14) Å, α = 98.122(5), β = 92.9395(9), γ = 96.1135(3)°, V = 977.483(13) Å 3 , and Z = 2. The crystal structure is approximately centrosymmetric. Strong N–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds form a corrugated ladder-like chain along the a -axis. The carboxylic acid group in each independent cation acts as the donor in a strong intramolecular O–H⋯O hydrogen bond to an adjacent carbonyl group. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: The stigma of behavioral health conditions can be explained in terms of stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination as discussed by the authors , and evidence suggests that erasing the public stigma of mental illness can be accomplished by adopting targeted, contact-based approaches to stigma change in conjunction with affirming attitudes and behaviors that promote opportunities for people with mental health conditions.
Abstract: The stigma of behavioral health conditions can be explained in terms of stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination. Stereotypes and prejudices often lead to discriminatory behaviors that limit access to rightful opportunities. Four types of stigma (self-stigma, public stigma, label avoidance and structural stigma) contribute to lower self-esteem, treatment avoidance, and restricted access to adequate housing, employment, and medical care for people with mental health conditions. Evidence suggests that erasing the public stigma of mental illness can be accomplished by adopting targeted, contact-based approaches to stigma change in conjunction with affirming attitudes and behaviors that promote opportunities for people with mental health conditions. Self-stigma can be reduced through strategic self-disclosure where a person with a mental health condition shares their stories of empowerment and recovery with an individual/general public. Structural stigma can be reduced through interventions that target policies and regulations that support discrimination against people with mental health conditions.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors presented a 6-kV/200-A hybrid circuit breaker for medium-voltage applications based on a concept of power electronically modulated transient commutation current injection (TCCI), which can rapidly generate a counter-pulse current to force the fault current in the primary mechanical path to zero or near zero.
Abstract: This chapter provides a brief overview of the development of a 6-kV/200-A hybrid circuit breaker for medium-voltage applications based on a concept of power electronically modulated transient commutation current injection (TCCI). The TCCI circuit in the parallel electronic path remains in a standby mode with near-zero power loss under normal conditions but can rapidly generate a counter-pulse current to force the fault current in the primary mechanical path to zero or near zero and therefore facilitate current commutation from the mechanical to the electronic path. The TCCI circuit then ensures a near-zero voltage and a small high-frequency AC ripple current condition for the main mechanical contacts to separate arclessly. Exhibiting ultralow on-state resistance by virtue of having no semiconductors in the primary conduction path, the topology achieves minimal on-state losses and greater than 99.97% efficiency. The HCB design also employs a specially designed high-speed actuator/vacuum contactor combination enabling sub-millisecond interruption as well as a modular MVDC power electronic interrupter (PEI) design in the electronic path.
01 Jan 2023
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , a new classification of various DC fault interruption concepts, including simple mechanical means, solid-state circuit breaker, hybrid circuit breaker (HCB), converter-based breakerless protection, and fault current limiter (FCL), is introduced, based on the fundamental topology and operation principle.
Abstract: This chapter provides a brief overview of DC fault scenarios and fault detection and interruption technologies. A new classification of various DC fault interruption concepts, including simple mechanical means, solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB), hybrid circuit breaker (HCB), converter-based breakerless protection, and fault current limiter (FCL), is introduced, based on the fundamental topology and operation principle. Their advantages and disadvantages for different DC applications are discussed.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the crystal structure of oxfendazole has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques.
Abstract: The crystal structure of oxfendazole has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Oxfendazole crystallizes in space group P 2 1 / c (#14) with a = 18.87326(26), b = 10.40333(5), c = 7.25089(5) Å, β = 91.4688(10)° V = 1423.206(10) Å 3 , and Z = 4. The crystal structure consists of stacks of the planar portions of the L-shaped molecules, resulting in layers parallel to the bc -plane. Only weak hydrogen bonds are present. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).