Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry

About: Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry is a facility organization based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Chemistry & Biology. The organization has 55 authors who have published 71 publications receiving 59 citations. The organization is also known as: Federal State Institution of Science Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry. academicians MM Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Ovchinnikov of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Liposomes as Adjuvants and Vaccine Delivery Systems

Abstract: The review considers liposomes as systems of substantial interest as adjuvant carriers in vaccinology due to their versatility and maximal biocompatibility. Research and development on the use of liposomes and lipid nanoparticles to create subunit vaccines for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases has been going on for several decades. In recent years, the area has seen serious progress due to the improvement of the technology of industrial production of various high-grade lipids suitable for parenteral administration and the emergence of new technologies and equipment for the production of liposomal preparations. When developing vaccines, it is necessary to take into account how the body's immune system (innate and adaptive immunity) functions. The review briefly describes some of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the mobilization of immunity when encountering an antigen, as well as the influence of liposome carriers on the processes of internalization of antigens by immunocompetent cells and ways of immune response induction. The results of the studies on the interactions of liposomes with antigen-presenting cells in function of the liposome size, charge, and phase state of the bilayer, which depends on the lipid composition, are often contradictory and should be verified in each specific case. The introduction of immunostimulant components into the composition of liposomal vaccine complexes-ligands of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors-permits modulation of the strength and type of the immune response. The review briefly discusses liposome-based vaccines approved for use in the clinic for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, including mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles. Examples of liposomal vaccines that undergo various stages of clinical trials are presented.

Inhibitory effects of specific combination of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and its Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Kappa, and Mu variants

Abstract: Despite vaccine availability, the global spread of COVID-19 continues, largely facilitated by emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutations. Our earlier research documented that a specific combination of plant-derived compounds can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 binding to its ACE2 receptor and controlling key cellular mechanisms of viral infectivity. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a defined mixture of plant extracts and micronutrients against original SARS-CoV-2 and its Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Kappa, and Mu variants. The composition containing vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, resveratrol, theaflavin, curcumin, quercetin, naringenin, baicalin, and broccoli extract demonstrated a highest efficacy by inhibiting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding of SARS-CoV-2 to its cellular ACE2 receptor by 90%. In vitro exposure of test pseudo-typed variants to this formula for 1 h before or simultaneously administrated to human pulmonary cells resulted in up to 60% inhibition in their cellular entry. Additionally, this composition significantly inhibited other cellular mechanisms of viral infectivity, including the activity of viral RdRp, furin, and cathepsin L. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 including its mutated forms through pleiotropic mechanisms. Our results imply that simultaneous inhibition of multiple mechanisms of viral infection of host cells could be an effective strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods for Reducing Anomalous Losses in ECRH Experiments at Second Resonance Harmonic

Abstract: Abstract An approach is analyzed that makes it possible to reduce anomalous absorption in experiments on electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) at the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron resonance. The anomalous absorption is associated with excitation of the low-threshold parametric decay instability of the extraordinary pump wave at the local maximum of the nonmonotonic density profile. The general case is considered, which corresponds to nonlinear excitation of only one localized daughter upper-hybrid wave occurring as a result of the primary decay process. It is shown that, due to rather low instability threshold, it could hardly be completely suppressed in ECRH experiments using megawatt microwave beams. However, an increase in the radius of the pump wave cross section can considerably reduce the corresponding anomalous absorption.