Showing papers by "Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México published in 1995"
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of waste management fees or user charges in rationalizing investment in waste management technology is analyzed and a number of recommendations are made for using economic instruments for efficient solid waste management.
Abstract: In the last few years controlling the size and composition of the solid waste flow has moved substantially up the public policy agenda in many countries. With this has come the question of what are the appropriate types of public interventions in the economy to control this flow. The most dramatic of the interventions have involved adoption of high recycling targets for specific fractions of the waste stream and special measures to deal with packaging waste, especially in a number of European countries. Questions are being raised about whether the targets and inventions are warranted on the basis of economic analysis, especially about the costs and benefits of the objectives and the instruments to achieve them. This paper reviews the published and some unpublished literature through the spring of 1993 and generally finds that the conceptual and empirical basis on which to predicate efficient and effective solid waste management policy is still rather incomplete. The only principled basis for public interventions thus far established in the economics literature is that for user fees at the household level. The paper analyzes the role of waste management fees or user charges in rationalizing investment in waste management technology and finds that, while there is wide agreement that the prices are not right in this environmental area, there is little focus on the role that such fees can play in motivation source reduction at the consumer or household level. A number of recommendations are made for using economic instruments for efficient solid waste management.
72 citations
TL;DR: The authors assesses whether the program of trade liberalization undertaken by Mexico after 1985 was undermined by lack of credibility and proposes a methodology, based on the estimation of a probit model, to measure the probability of trade policy reversal due to the likelihood of occurrence of a balance of payments crisis.
38 citations
TL;DR: The suggested procedure yields Best Linear Unbiased Estimates, given the historical record of previously disaggregated figures, concurrent data in the form of a preliminary series and an aggregated value for the current period.
Abstract: A recursive procedure for temporally disaggregating a time series is proposed. In practice, it is superior to standard non-recursive procedures in several ways: (i) previously disaggregated data need not be modified, (ii) calculations become simpler and (iii) data storage requirements are minimized. The suggested procedure yields Best Linear Unbiased Estimates, given the historical record of previously disaggregated figures, concurrent data in the form of a preliminary series and an aggregated value for the current period. A test statistic is derived for validating the numerical results obtained in practice.
23 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors analyzes the initial conditions before fund financial arrangements are adopted and finds that program episodes exhibit weaker balance of payments, output growth, investment, external conditions and fiscal policy than the control group; they are also characterized by a higher degree of external indebtedness and inflation, and their exchange rates are more depreciated in both nominal and real terms.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the initial conditions before Fund financial arrangements are adopted. Evidence from 324 Fund arrangements in 78 developing countries during 1973-91 indicates that there are important differences in the characteristics between program episodes and a control group. Program episodes exhibit weaker balance of payments, output growth, investment, external conditions and fiscal policy than the control group; they are also characterized by a higher degree of external indebtedness and inflation, and their exchange rates are more depreciated in both nominal and real terms. Only in the case of the growth rates of money and credit do the two groups appear to be statistically similar.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Kalman filter equations were derived when the system state and the observation error of a state-space model are correlated, and they were extended to nonnegative definite variance-covariance matrices and disturbance probability distributions that are conditional on some information related to the observation process.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the implications of the historically observed economic policy instability in Latin American countries (LACs) for macroeconometric testing are discussed, and two pressing restrictions on the econometrician using time-series of LACs arise: time-varying parameters and time-changing specifications.
Abstract: What are the implications of the historically observed economic policy instability in Latin American countries (LACs) for macroeconometric testing? Two pressing restrictions on the econometrician using time-series of LACs arise: time-varying parameters and time-varying specifications. Such an instability also has profound impacts on time-series measurements of national accounts at constant prices. This, together with the “second best methodology” used in LACs for computing real GNP, implies that LACs figures on GNP growth reflect growth in gross production rather than in value added. LACs time-series for private consumption are unreliable. Crucial data set constraints in LACs further complicate the task for the econometrician.
9 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, Las Organizaciones Inteligentes (oi) son un instrumento de gran ayuda para organizar y conducir acciones de vigilancia, prevencion, and control.
Abstract: Resumen es: Las Organizaciones Inteligentes (oi) son un instrumento de gran ayuda para organizar y conducir acciones de vigilancia, prevencion y control. Son tecnolo...
7 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated why high income households in the United States save on average more than low-income households in cross-section data and found that age and the structure of transfers are quantitatively important in producing the cross-sectional pattern of United States savings rates.
Abstract: This paper investigates why high income households in the United States save on average more than low income households in cross-section data. The three explanations considered are (1) age differences across households, (2) temporary earnings shocks, and (3) the structure of transfer payments. We use a calibrated life-cycle model to evaluate the quantitative importance of these explanations and find that age and the structure of transfers are quantitatively important in producing the cross-section pattern of United States savings rates. Temporary shocks are of secondary importance.
3 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This article is oriented to prove the usefulness of the IO technology in the ordering and systematization of the reports about the medical sciences facts.
Abstract: Intelligent organizations (IO) represent a valuable tool to organize and guide dengue fever surveillance, prevention and control interventions. IO entail state of the art technology in managerial science to generate behavioral frameworks of organizational structures and policies. They present a systematic description of problems and construct computerized models to develop systemic thinking; they produce a shared vision and build progressive mental learning and advancement models. Also, IO promote team building and personal control skills. Scientific-technological advances have produced a wealth of information in medicine, with the corresponding growth of organizations and difficulty of responses because of sudden and incessant change. This new environment calls for the application of IO know-how. This article is oriented to prove the usefulness of the IO technology in the ordering and systematization of the reports about the medical sciences facts. Dengue was chosen to exemplify the use of IO technology as it represents an increasing health problem in America, as well as in Mexico; it is so complex that it can evolve to a more serious problem, besides it can be analyzed within a systemic method.
2 citations
TL;DR: Independent viability is a sufficient condition for existence of a general equilibrium in which regulated natural monopolies use two-part tariffs (TPTs) as discussed by the authors, and independent viability guarantees efficiency when the increasing returns arise solely from fixed costs.
2 citations
01 Jan 1995
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the voice as a 2~ phenomenon in every days life and considered it as a literary motif and at last as the narrative voice that guides the process of telling the events in the novels.
Abstract: Paul Valery escribio hace mas de cincuenta
anos que: “Nada mas que no ser uno mismo o serlo tan solo hasta donde uno
quiere”. No creo que sea equivocado relacionar este pensamiento con el problema
de la voz en la narrativa, que de hecho obliga a quien escribe a no ser uno
mismo, siendolo afortunadamente.
In order to show the prejudices that prevail in the relations between women and
men in Mexican society, I have examined the voice as 2~ phenomenon in every days
life and from that point on considered it as a literary motif and at last as the
narrative voice that guides the process of telling the events in the novels.
Starting from general examples of some of the most important mexican women
writers (Josefina Vicena, Elena Garro, Rosario Castellanos, Elena Poniatowska) I
analized the presence of the voice as a motif and as a significant element in
the construction of the plot and characters in Gabriela Rabago Palafox’s novel
Todo Angell es terrible (1981). the narrative voice is articulated by an adult
man who remembers his childhood and describes the process of growing old,
focusing the events from the voice of the child he used to be. All his world and
relations are unveiled through, the examination of the voices in the text.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, a discretized version of the dynamic programming algorithm for a parameterized family of infinite-horizon economic models is analyzed, and error bounds for the approximate value and policy functions are derived.
Abstract: In this paper we analyze a discretized version of the dynamic programming algorithm for a parameterized family of infinite-horizon economic models, and derive error bounds for the approximate value and policy functions. If h is the mesh size of the discretization, then the approximation error for the value function is bounded by Mh^2, and the approximation error for the policy function is bounded by $Nh,$ where the constants $M$ and $N$ can be estimated from primitive data of the model.
TL;DR: In this article, a contract scheme that may help achieve the government's objective without inducing financial disintermediation or other adverse behavior is proposed. But, the scheme requires higher cooperation from banks to achieve the goal.