Messiah College

About: Messiah College is a education organization based out in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Higher education & Job attitude. The organization has 277 authors who have published 364 publications receiving 7633 citations.

IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete

Abstract: Nutrition usually makes a small but potentially valuable contribution to successful performance in elite athletes, and dietary supplements can make a minor contribution to this nutrition programme. Nonetheless, supplement use is widespread at all levels of sport. Products described as supplements target different issues, including (1) the management of micronutrient deficiencies, (2) supply of convenient forms of energy and macronutrients, and (3) provision of direct benefits to performance or (4) indirect benefits such as supporting intense training regimens. The appropriate use of some supplements can benefit the athlete, but others may harm the athlete's health, performance, and/or livelihood and reputation (if an antidoping rule violation results). A complete nutritional assessment should be undertaken before decisions regarding supplement use are made. Supplements claiming to directly or indirectly enhance performance are typically the largest group of products marketed to athletes, but only a few (including caffeine, creatine, specific buffering agents and nitrate) have good evidence of benefits. However, responses are affected by the scenario of use and may vary widely between individuals because of factors that include genetics, the microbiome and habitual diet. Supplements intended to enhance performance should be thoroughly trialled in training or simulated competition before being used in competition. Inadvertent ingestion of substances prohibited under the antidoping codes that govern elite sport is a known risk of taking some supplements. Protection of the athlete's health and awareness of the potential for harm must be paramount; expert professional opinion and assistance is strongly advised before an athlete embarks on supplement use.

Does Interdisciplinarity Promote Learning? Theoretical Support and Researchable Questions

Abstract: Do students in interdisciplinary courses and programs learn better or learn more than those in discipline-based curricula? Advocates portray interdisciplinary courses as more engaging than disciplinary courses because they capture students’ intellectual interest and help them connect information from discrete disciplines. Some argue that interdisciplinary study better prepares students for work and citizenship by developing higher-order cognitive skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and the ability to employ multiple perspectives (e.g., Hursh, Hass, & Moore, 1983; Newell, 1990; Newell & Green, 1982). William Newell (1994) claimed that interdisciplinary courses could increase students’ ability to evaluate experts’ testimony; tolerance for ambiguity; sensitivity to ethical issues and disciplinary, political, or religious bias; creative or original thinking; and humility or listening skills.

Connecting Entrance and Departure: The Transition to Ninth Grade and High School Dropout

Abstract: Recent reports have demonstrated that the United States has a dropout crisis of alarming proportions. In some large-city school systems, more than 50% of students leave high school without a diplom...

The acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on vertical jump performance in trained women.

Abstract: Traditionally stretching has been included as part of a warm-up that precedes athletic participation. However, there is mixed evidence as to whether stretching actually enhances or hinders athletic performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of static (SS) and ballistic stretching (BS) on vertical jump (VJ) performance and to investigate whether power was altered at 15 and 30 minutes after stretching. Sixteen actively trained women performed a series of vertical jumps (countermovement and drop jumps) after an initial nonstretching (NS) session and after participating in BS and SS sessions that were conducted in a balanced and randomized order. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in VJ scores as a result of static or ballistic stretching, elapsed time, or initial flexibility scores. This suggests that stretching prior to competition may not negatively affect the performance of trained women.

Fine structure, reconstruction and possible functions of components of the cortex of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Abstract: SYNOPSIS. Improved methods of preparing cells for electron microscopic study have permitted a more complete examination of the tubular and fibrous elements already reported in the cortex of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Three of these structures, a kinetodesmal fiber, a band of postciliary microtubules and a band of transverse microtubules, are all associated at one of their ends with the proximal end of a basal body-cilium complex. From this position they radiate out as tho from one corner of a tetrahedron, each passing separately to one of the other 3 corners. Available evidence is presented and discussed for a structural function for these elements. A firm bonding of these fibers and bands to the basal body at one of their ends and to the amorphous material under the pellicle at their other ends is thought to provide for this support. Connecting the proximal ends of the left side of the basal bodies of a kinety is another, previously undescribed, set of tubules. Their diameter, 24 mμ, and cross sectional structure are similar to those of the other microtubules. However, their more sinuous longitudinal appearance, small number of tubules per kinety and different reaction to fixatives suggest a different function. Because of their location it is proposed that they may be a communication line between basal body-cilium complexes of a kinety. A 3-dimensional drawing shows the positioning of the above structures in the cortex. Bodies with an internal tubular structure appear anterior to the proximal end of some basal bodies. They are referred to as probasal bodies due to their resemblance to procentrioles; they may be immature basal bodies. Smooth-membraned cisternae which have bristle-coated pits and bear a resemblance to the outer pellicular membrane appear in the cytoplasm. Their origin is discussed.