Showing papers by "Musashi University published in 2015"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated factors associated with the likelihood of receiving formal credit for small enterprises in India by employing a probit sample selection model and found that enterprise size, owners education level, being registered under an agency and being involved in diversified activities are positively associated with access to formal credit.
Abstract: This paper investigates factors associated with the likelihood of receiving formal credit for small enterprises in India by employing a probit sample selection model. Our results indicate that enterprise size, owners’ education level, being registered under an agency and being involved in diversified activities are positively associated with access to formal credit. However, the ownership of land that can be used as collateral is negatively associated with the likelihood of receiving formal credit. This may be due to an obsolete land administration system resulting in high transaction costs of land as collateral. Furthermore, enterprises with female owners and those engaged in capital intensive industries are more likely to face credit constraints. These results provide some insights into the factors to improve credit constraints for small enterprises in India.
43 citations
TL;DR: Exposure to major portal sites in Japan demonstrated that even entertainment-oriented people can acquire political knowledge, and thus portal sites can serve as knowledge levelers.
Abstract: The new high-choice media environment has allowed entertainment-oriented people to avoid political news, resulting in a wider gap in political knowledge between entertainment- and news-oriented citizens. On the Internet, however, users tend to be concentrated into a handful of portal sites that offer a mixed information environment in which both news and entertainment are readily available. The simultaneous presentation of news and entertainment headlines on portal sites exposes entertainment-oriented people to the news, which may in turn narrow the knowledge gap between them and news-oriented people. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of exposure to major portal sites in Japan, where Yahoo! JAPAN attracts a large majority of Internet users. Two studies using self-reported exposure to portal sites (n = 838) and web browsing histories (n = 1,000) demonstrated that even entertainment-oriented people can acquire political knowledge, and thus portal sites can serve as knowledge levelers.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate enterprise level factors affecting access to formal credit for small enterprises in India by employing a probit sample selection model and find that enterprise size, owners education level, being registered under an agency, and being involved in diversified activities are positively associated with access to credit.
29 citations
01 Jan 2015
29 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: Using quantitative methodology based on a survey sample made in 29 food companies that belong to a Brazilian food association, it was possible to statistically correlate power and trust in this network.
Abstract: Studies on interorganizational networks tend to be dense in their different aspects such as structural characteristics, nature of the links and transactional content, but light on power in networks. The purpose of this paper is to study a possible correlation between power and trust in an interorganizational network. Using quantitative methodology based on a survey sample made in 29 food companies that belong to a Brazilian food association, it was possible to statistically correlate power and trust in this network. The findings can be of importance to present what aspects the companies in this network pay more attention to: power, trust and their relationship, and to present a methodology that can be reproduced for the studies of power in networks. As a characteristic of empirical studies in networks, the temporal transversality of the nature of the sample does not allow generalizations.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of international capital flows on housing prices in eight Asian countries, including China, was investigated, focusing on determining whether exchange rate arrangements and capital regulations influence capital inflows and housing prices.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used panel data on how frequently households use in-home displays (IHD) in a randomized field experiment to investigate how acquiring information from IHDs affects electricity usage of households facing either dynamic pricing of electricity or conservation requests.
Abstract: This article uses panel data on how frequently households use in-home displays (IHD) in a randomized field experiment to investigate how acquiring information from IHDs affects electricity usage of households facing either dynamic pricing of electricity or conservation requests. Providing IHDs, which enables households to see a graph of their half-hourly electricity consumption in real time, is a promising policy intervention that corrects for biases associated with inattention and limited information-processing capacity by promoting salience and learning. Contrary to the energy-conservation literature, I find that IHD usage consistently raised electricity consumption of households. This perverse impact of IHD usage on energy conservation increased through learning over time as the experiment proceeds. However, an interactive effect of IHD provision and dynamic pricing implies that providing an IHD together with pecuniary incentive schemes could be effective in energy conservation.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of the Vietnam War on the economic growth of East Asia has been investigated, and the authors discuss Japanese and South Korean policies of involvement in the Vietnam war (whether active or passive).
Abstract: This paper considers the impact that the Vietnam War had on the economic growth of East Asia. Somewhat inexplicably, most of the existing research on the economic growth of East Asia fails to address the influence of the Vietnam War. However, the war demonstrably had a major impact on the economic growth of the region. In this paper, in addition to presenting data elucidating the extent of this impact, we will also discuss Japanese and South Korean policies of involvement in the Vietnam War (whether active or passive), in the belief that this provides evidence showing the influence of foreign policy on economic growth.
3 citations
TL;DR: The findings reveal that the jump performances are related to the degree of delayed onset muscle soreness, and most subjects recovered to the levels of jump height and contact time to the Pre level.
Abstract: Purpose of this study was to examine the recovery process of delayed onset muscle soreness, jump performance, force to contact with the ground and lower limbs movement after intensive jump exercise (IJE), and the relationships between muscle soreness, changes of jump performance and lower limbs movement. Nine males who have experience in special jump exercise participated in this study voluntarily. For the measurement, subjective investigation of the muscle soreness, drop jump performance using a 30 cm high box [jump height, contact time and drop jump index (jump height / contact time)], ground reaction force and movements of lower limbs. This measurement was carried out before IJE (Pre), and at 4 hours (P4), 24 hours (P24) and 72 hours (P72) after IJE. Main results are as follows ; at the time of P24 when intense muscle soreness appeared, significant jump height decreases and contact time increases were shown, and the jump index decreased markedly. This decrease of performance correlated to the change of knee and ankle joint movements during the eccentric phase. At P4, for a subject who felt strong muscle soreness, the decrease of jump height and jump index were considerable. At P72, most subjects recovered to the levels of jump height and contact time to the Pre level. The findings reveal that the jump performances are related to the degree of delayed onset muscle soreness. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med, 64(1): 117-124 (2015)
2 citations
05 Jun 2015
TL;DR: The amount of CO2 emissions from the transportation sector accounts for a large proportion of total emissions as mentioned in this paper, and reducing emissions in this sector is relatively difficult because of a growing population, a higher share of automobile owners, and an improvement in infrastructure, which all contribute to emissions.
Abstract: The amount of CO2 emissions from the transportation sector accounts for a
large proportion of total emissions. However, reducing CO2 emissions in this
sector is relatively difficult because of a growing population, a higher share of
automobile owners, and an improvement in infrastructure, which all contribute
to emissions. Although the total aggregated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
of Annex 1 parties decreased overall from 1990 to 2004 in the majority of
energy-consuming sectors, the transport and energy industry sectors were
exceptions (Meyer et al., 2007). Thus, the reduction of emissions in the transportation sector is an important problem facing both developed and developing
countries.
2 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of changes in relative incomes on the level of total care received by the older sibling and the younger sibling, and they found that the overall care provided by both children increases as their aggregate income rises, but that at some point this may be reduced because of the incentive to free-ride.
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that the older sibling often chooses to live away from his elderly parents with the aim of free-riding on the care provided by the younger sibling. In the presented model, we incorporate income effects to depict the alternative pattern frequently observed in Eastern countries, namely that the older sibling lives near his or her parents and cares for them in old age. By generalizing the existing model, we show the three cases of the elderly parents being looked after by (1) the older sibling, (2) the younger sibling, and (3) both siblings, in accordance with the relative magnitude of the income effect and the strategic incentive for one sibling to free-ride on the other. Our study also investigates the effect of changes in relative incomes on the level of total care received by their parents. We find that the overall care provided by both children increases as their aggregate income rises, but that at some point, this may be reduced because of the incentive to free-ride.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored how market order emerges in the closed auction markets for antiques and secondhand goods in Japan and found that norms and conventions alone are not sufficient to generate market order; enforcement mechanisms are necessary.
Abstract: This study explores how market order emerges in the closed auction markets for antiques and secondhand goods in Japan. Most auction markets for antiques and secondhand goods are exclusive to dealers in Japan. The Antique Business Act (Kobutsu Eigyo Ho) states that participants in auction markets must have a secondhand goods dealer license. Participants must obtain the permission of market managers to enter the markets as well. Dealers often belong to several auction markets and associate with other members. Informal norms and conventions, and reciprocal and hierarchical relationships develop through repetitive interactions among participants in the auctions, which can bring order in the markets. Norms and conventions help market participants anticipate other members’ behavior. However, norms and conventions alone are not sufficient to generate market order; enforcement mechanisms are necessary. A hierarchy is a typical enforcement mechanism. High status participants can exert their influence to sanction violators in the markets. Also, reciprocal relationships can prevent violation of norms and conventions, and facilitate cooperative and give-and-take behavior. On the other hand, reciprocal and hierarchical relationships will distort fair and competitive auctioneering. The cultural script of market competition is sometimes utilized for preventing the malfunction. This interplaying multiple devices of market, reciprocity, and hierarchy as well as norms and conventions altogether contribute to realizing order in the closed auctions.
01 Jan 2015
Abstract: We adapted a training method using good verbal memory to 36 primary school children with developmental dyslexia who showed difficulty in acquiring Hiragana/Katakana LD・Dyslexia センター1):〒272-0033 千葉県市川市市川南 3-1-1-315 筑波大学大学院人間総合科学研究科2):〒305-8577 茨城県つくば市天王台 1-1-1 総合研究 D 棟 目白大学保健医療学部3):〒339-8501 埼玉県さいたま市岩槻区浮谷 320 帝京平成大学メディカル学部4):〒170-8445 東京都豊島区東池袋 2-51-4 武蔵野大学人間科学部5):〒202-8585 東京都西東京市新町 1-1-20 1)LD/Dyslexia Centre: 3-1-1-315, Ichikawa-minami, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0033, Japan 2)Faculty of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba: 1-1-1, Tennohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan 3)Faculty of Health Sciences, Mejiro University: 320, Ukiya, Iwatsuki, Saitama-shi 339-8501, Japan 4)Faculty of Medical Science for Health, Teikyo Heisei University: 2-51-4, Higashi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan 5)Faculty of Human Sciences, Musashi University: 1-1-20, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan 2012 年 12 月 5 日受稿 2014 年 10 月 31 日受理