Showing papers by "Saab AB published in 2013"

An experimental study of mechanisms behind wrinkle development during forming of composite laminates

Abstract: A general problem when forming quasi-isotropic, multilayer unidirectional (UD) prepreg over a double curved geometry is out-of-plane wrinkling. The presented study aims to show the existence of com ...

Head-up display for night vision goggles

Abstract: A head-up display system for a vehicle facilitating the use of night vision goggles for a person in the vehicle during night vision conditions, the system comprising a light source for providing light to an image source, which image source is arranged to project an image on a semi-transparent combiner mirror; the combiner mirror being arranged to superimpose the projected image onto a view of the environment in front of the vehicle by transmitting light rays from the environment and at the same time reflecting the projected image towards the eyes of an observer wherein the system comprises a first and a second light source for alternatively providing light to the image source; the first light source being arranged to emit light of a first colour to be used during daylight conditions, and the second light source being arranged to emit light of a second colour to be used during night vision conditions, wherein the first colour is in a first light emission spectrum and perceived as green and the second colour is in a second emission spectrum and perceived as yellow or orange.

Energy-Efficient Synthetic-Aperture Radar Processing on a Manycore Architecture

Abstract: The next generation radar systems have high performance demands on the signal processing chain. Examples include the advanced image creating sensor systems in which complex calculations are to be performed on huge sets of data in real time. Many core architectures are gaining attention as a means to overcome the computational requirements of the complex radar signal processing by exploiting massive parallelism inherent in the algorithms in an energy efficient manner. In this paper, we evaluate a many core architecture, namely a 16-core Epiphany processor, by implementing two significantly large case studies, viz. an auto focus criterion calculation and the fast factorized back-projection algorithm, both key components in modern synthetic aperture radar systems. The implementation results from the two case studies are compared on the basis of achieved performance and programmability. One of the Epiphany implementations demonstrates the usefulness of the architecture for the streaming based algorithm (the auto focus criterion calculation) by achieving a speedup of 8.9x over a sequential implementation on a state-of-the-art general-purpose processor of a later silicon technology generation and operating at a 2.7x higher clock speed. On the other case study, a highly memory-intensive algorithm (fast factorized back projection), the Epiphany architecture shows a speedup of 4.25x. For embedded signal processing, low power dissipation is equally important as computational performance. In our case studies, the Epiphany implementations of the two algorithms are, respectively, 78x and 38x more energy efficient.

A five states survivability model for missions with ground-to-air threats

Abstract: Fighter pilots are exposed to the risk of getting hit by enemy fire when flying missions with ground-to-air threats. A tactical support system including a survivability model could aid the pilot to assess and handle this risk. The survivability model presented here is a Markov model with five states; Undetected, Detected, Tracked, Engaged and Hit. The output from the model is the probabilities that the aircraft is in these states during the mission. The enemy's threat systems are represented with sensor and weapon areas and the transitions between the states depend on whether or not the aircraft is within any of these areas. Contrary to previous work, the model can capture the behaviors that the enemy's sensor systems communicate and that the risk of getting hit depends on the enemy's knowledge regarding the aircraft's kinematics. The paper includes a discussion regarding the interpretation of the states and the factors that influence the transitions between the states. Further developments are also identified for using the model to aid fighter pilots and operators of unmanned aerial vehicles with planning and evaluating missions as well as analyzing the situation during flight.

A multifunctional erosion protection strip

Abstract: The invention regards an airfoil article including a composite skin (5) having a first surface (S1) and a second surface (S2) opposite to said first surface,forming a leading edge (4). The leading edge (4) is during use subjected to a airflow (a) meeting the leading edge (4) at stagnation points (SP). The leading edge (4) comprises a elongated member (9, 9'…9''''', 30, 32, 36, 38, 39).The outer surface (O) of the elongated member is arranged flush with the first surface (S1) of the composite skin (5) such that an essentially smooth aerodynamic surface of the leading edge (4) is formed. The elongated member is adapted to serve as an erosion protection of the leading edge and to function as an electrode (AC, RE) of a plasma generating system (40).

Detection of hostile aircraft behaviors using dynamic Bayesian networks

Abstract: Aircraft Combat Survivability in military air operations is concerned with survival of the own aircraft. This entails analysis of information, detection and estimation of threats, and the implementation of actions to counteract detected threats. Beyond visual range weapons can today be fired from one hundred kilometers away, making them difficult to detect and track. One approach for providing early warnings of such threats is to analyze the kinematic behavior of enemy aircraft in order to detect situations that may point to malicious intent. In this paper we investigate the use of dynamic Bayesian networks for detecting hostile aircraft behaviors.

SiGe wideband power detector and IF-amplifier RFICs for W-band passive imaging systems

Abstract: This paper presents the results of some W-band power detector and wideband (IF) amplifier circuit designs made in 0.25 μm and 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS processes. Two 0.25 μm SiGe wideband power detector and amplifier RFICs present an NEP =1-2 pW/Hz1/2 at 85-101 GHz and s21=10-19 dB at 2-32 GHz, respectively. To the authors' knowledge, the proposed SiGe detector design reports the widest Sn bandwidth (s11≤ -10 dB 84-104 GHz) among SiGe based W-band detectors. Two 0.13 μm SiGe detector/amplifier circuits show a simulated NEP=0.2-0.9 pW/Hz1/2 at 75-100 GHz and S21= 19-21 dB at 5-30 GHz. The presented SiGe power detectors and (IF) amplifiers are targeting broadband applications such as passive imaging.

A robust and efficient Particle Filter for target tracking with spatial constraints

Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of including the non-standard information given by hard constraints in a particle filter for target tracking. The methods previously available for including this information work well in most cases. However, there are situations when the performance of these methods can deteriorate. To this end, a new method, built on proposal distributions adapted to the constraints, is developed. Moreover, the derivation of the Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter is extended to the case of hard constraints. Both these techniques are combined and demonstrated by two illustrative simulations, showing the potential of the developed methods to handle spatial constraints given by road and coastline information.

Comparing Air Mission Routes from a Combat Survival Perspective

Abstract: An aircraft flying inside hostile territory is exposed to the risk of getting detected and tracked by the enemy’s sensors, and subsequently hit by its weapons. This paper describes a combat survivability model that can be used for assessing the risks associated with a mission route. In contrast to previous work, the model describes both the risk of getting tracked and the risk of getting hit, as well as the dependency between these risks. Three different ways of using the model for comparing routes from a combat survival perspective are suggested. The survivability for the end point, i.e., the probability of flying the entire route without getting hit, is a compact way of summarizing the risks. Visualizing how the risks vary along the route can be used for identifying critical parts of the mission. Finally, assigning weights to different risks allow the opportunity to take preferences regarding risk exposure into account.

Case-based reasoning applied to geometric measurements for decision support in manufacturing

Abstract: Measurements from products are continuously collected to allow adjustments in the production line to certify a feasible product quality. Case-based reasoning is a promising methodology for this type of quality assurance. It allows product measurements and its related adjustments to the production line to be stored as cases in a case-based reasoning system. The idea is to describe an event of adjustments based on deviations in geometric measurement points on a product and connect these measurements to their correlated adjustments done to the production line. Experience will implicitly be stored in each case in the form of uniquely weighted measurement points according to their positive influence on adjustments. Methods have been developed in order to find these positive correlations between measurements and adjustments by analysing a set of historical product measurement and their following adjustments. Each case saved in the case base will be "quality assured" according to this methods and only cases containing strong positive correlations will be used by the system. The correlations will be used to supply each case with its own set individual weights.

Privacy and Security in Cyberspace: Training Perspectives on the Personal Data Ecosystem

Abstract: There is a growing understanding that privacy is an essential component of security. In order to decrease the probability of having data breaches, the design of information systems, processes and architectures should incorporate considerations related to both privacy and security. This incorporation may benefit from the offering of appropriate training. In this way, this paper intends to discuss how to better offer training while considering new developments that involve both multimedia production and the "gamification" of training. The paper suggests the use in conjunction of two frameworks: the EduPMO Framework, useful for the management of large scale projects that may involve a consortium of organizations developing multimedia for the offering of training, and the Game Development Framework, useful for the identification of the main components of the serious game for training on privacy by design to be developed as part of the training offering.

Real-time radar signal processing on Massively Parallel Processor Arrays

Abstract: The next generation radar systems have high performance demands on the signal processing chain. Among these are advanced image creating sensor systems in which complex calculations are to be performed on huge sets of data in realtime. Massively Parallel Processor Arrays (MPPAs) are gaining attention to cope with the computational requirements of complex radar signal processing by exploiting the massive parallelism inherent in the algorithms in an energy efficient manner. In this paper, we evaluate two such massively parallel architectures, namely, Ambric and Epiphany, by implementing a significantly large case study of autofocus criterion calculation, which is a key component in future synthetic aperture radar systems. The implementation results from the two case studies are compared on the basis of achieved performance, energy efficiency, and programmability.

Stiffening element and reinforced structure

Abstract: A stiffening element 11 comprising at least a first stiffening profile 1and at least a second stiffening profile 2. The first stiffening profile 1 comprises a profile member 4, at least one structural flange 8 is connected to the profile member 4, a through-passage 9 extending through the profile member 4,and at least one support flange 10 is connected to the profile member 4.The second stiffening profile 2 comprises a bottom portion 12 and at least one support side portion 13 connected to the bottom portion 12. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a stiffening element 11 and a method for manufacturing a reinforced structure 15, wherein the reinforced structure 15 comprises at least one structural element 14 and at least one stiffening element 11.

ESSOR HDRWF -- Capabilities and Perspectives of an Innovative Coalition Waveform

Abstract: This paper presents the motivation and results of the European Secure SOftware defined Radio (ESSOR) programme concerning the capabilities and perspectives of the ESSOR HDRWF (High Data Rate WaveForm), an innovative coalition secure high data rate mobile ad hoc networking waveform for land military applications, brigade and below. It gives insight on ESSOR results in specifying, simulating and defining the ESSOR HDRWF. It moves from the User Requirements which drove the definition phase, resulting in a highly configurable waveform capable of adapting to different operating scenarios. It also details the main capabilities of the ESSOR HDRWF and analyzes the achievable performances, considering radio link communication aspects along with overall ad-hoc network behaviour. Impact of size and topology of the network (from scarce networks with few nodes up to dense networks with high number of nodes) is considered. In order to support proper performance assessment, this paper highlights the High Fidelity Simulation environment and methodology put in place for the definition and design phase. Integration of the ESSOR HDRWF into the more general IP based Tactical Intranet concept is also addressed and put in perspective of the associated NATO interoperability approach. In terms of innovative features, it addresses the capabilities of the ESSOR HDRWF to handle efficient synchronization in absence of common time reference (i.e: GNSS), to properly manage communication on the move and dynamic adaptation to the operational environment. In relation with the design activities, this paper presents an overview of the ESSOR Base WF approach allowing the development of portable software jointly developed by the ESSOR stakeholders, supported by the Common Criteria assurance requirements. In that perspective, the current porting activities of this shared software on the different and heterogonous National SDR Platforms are summarized. Finally this paper focuses on the different levels of system validation activities which are planned and which will culminate with interoperability tests amongst the various national SDR platforms.

Electric detonator and method for producing an electric detonator

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric detonator (1) comprising a cap (2), comprising a priming charge (3) and an electrode (4), comprising a positive pole, a negative pole and a resistor element (8), the said priming charge (3) comprising at least two primary explosives, a first primary explosive (9) and a second primary explosive (10), and at least one secondary explosive (11). The electric detonator is characterized in that the two primary explosives (9, 10) and the secondary explosive (11) are arranged in layers, in an increasing degree of sensitivity, bearing one against the other, wherein the first primary explosive (9), constituting the most sensitive of the two primary explosives (9, 10), is arranged closest to the resistor element (8), and in that the second primary explosive (10) is arranged thereafter between the first primary explosive (10) and the secondary explosive (11). The invention also relates to a production method for the said electric detonator (1).

RF-MEMS reconfigurable GaAs MMICs and antennas for microwave/MM-wave applications

Abstract: This paper presents the results of some reconfigurable RF-MEMS switching circuits and antennas fabricated using GaAs MMIC and LTCC based processes. Wafer-level packaged GaAs RF-MEMS series and shunt switches demonstrating low losses (≤ 0.5 dB) up to 40 GHz are presented together with a compact Ka-band GaAs MEMS 3-bit phase shifter circuit and LTCC based array antenna modules. Furthermore, some GaAs MMIC wideband/V-band RF-MEMS switching networks and a W-band on-chip slot antenna design show promising RF properties for broadband mm-wave applications related to wireless communication and RF-sensing.

A container for packaging and storing ammunition units, a unit cargo comprising such containers and a method for packaging and storing such containers

Abstract: The present invention relates to a container (1 ) for packaging and storing ammunition units (3 '-6 ') in tubes (3-6) The invention also refers to a unit cargo (27) comprising such containers (1) and a method for packaging and storing such containers ( 1 ). According to the invention T-shaped detonation protections ( 13, 16) are introduced to separate adjacent tubes (3-6) in order to prevent mass detonation.

Constraint Aware Dynamics in target tracking

Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of tracking targets in the presence of spatial constraints, typically in ground or littoral environments. It has been observed that manned targets move in a way avoiding constraints, e.g. roadsides. For best tracking accuracy and reliability, especially in cases of sparse measurements, this fact ought to be reflected in the dynamic equations of motion. We develop a simple model, based on constant speed assumptions, realize it in a particle filter, and evaluate the performance in a scenario where a vessel moves in a narrow channel.

Target existence probability in the distributed Kalman filter

Abstract: In this paper, the target existence probability for a single target in clutter is derived. More specifically, the paper considers target existence in the distributed Kalman filter. First, a conceptual solution is derived explicitly for a two-sensor case, and second a moment-matching approximation is performed, which enables computational tractability. The results can be generalized to arbitrary numbers of sensors.

Method and system for analyzing images from satellites

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a method for analyzing images generated from at least one imaging system on at least one satellite. The method comprises providing at least three images of an area of interest from the at least one imaging system, the provided images being provided from at least three different angles, establishing point correspondence between the provided images, generating at least two sets of three-dimensional information based on the provided images, wherein the at least two sets of three-dimensional information are generated based on at least two different combinations of at least two of the at least three provided images of the area of interest, and comparing the at least two sets of three-dimensional information so as to determine discrepancies and providing information related to the imaging system and/or errors in the images based on the determined discrepancies. Associated systems, computer programs, and computer program products are also provided.

Elaboration of safety requirements

Abstract: According to the aircraft standard ARP4754A, requirements should be carefully traced and validated. A systematic methodology for safety requirements elaboration (refinement/decomposition as well as allocation management) is lacking. To overcome this lack, an ARP-aligned and DOORS implementable approach called RAP (Requirements Allocation Process) is proposed. RAP offers a textual as well as graphical means for managing safety requirements. Besides supporting requirements decomposition and allocation, RAP also supports design decisions. The usefulness of RAP is illustrated by an example, applying the approach to a High Lift System.

Arrangement for recoil simulation and weapon training

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the field of simulation and weapon training. In particular, the invention relates to an arrangement for generating recoil or hammer cocking in a weapon comprising a barrel or barrel replica. The recoil generator arrangement comprises a cylinder and a piston movably arranged in the cylinder. An oblong element is arranged on the piston. The cylinder is attachable on a front end of the weapon so that the oblong element extends from the front end through the barrel or barrel replica to an element inside the weapon, and moves the element when the piston is moved.

A fixture device for manufacture of aeronautical structures and a method for applying the device

Abstract: The present invention regards a fixture device for holding in mutual position a first structural article (3) relatively a second structural article (5). The the fixture device (1) comprises a fixing arrangement (7) connectable to a coupling arrangement (9) of the respective first and second structural article (3, 5). The invention also regards a method for manufacture of a structure (43) by holding in mutual position a first structural article (3) relative a second structural article (5). The method includes the steps of providing the first and second structural article (3, 5); providing the fixing (7) and the coupling arrangement (9, 10); positioning the first structural article (3) and the coupling arrangement (9, 10); coupling the fixing arrangement (7) to the coupling arrangement (9, 10) of the first structural article (3); coupling the coupling arrangement (9, 10) of the second structural article (5) to the fixing arrangement (7); repeating the previous steps; and releasing the fixing (7) and the coupling (9, 10) arrangement from the structure (43) after mounting of complementary structural articles (19) to the structural articles (3, 5). The invention also regards a production line (61) for manufacture of a structure (43), wherein the production line (61) comprises a robot apparatus (63) adapted to perform the present method.

Variable exhaust nozzle for a jet engine and method for varying the nozzle

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variable exhaust nozzle (14) for a jet engine (1), the nozzle (14) comprises an upstream portion (16), flap means (18) being pivotally connectable to the jet engine (1) via the upstream portion (16), the flap means (18) com- prises a downstream portion (16´) forming a downstream linear edge (19'), actuator means (20, 20h, 24) being arranged to actuate said flap means (18) for variation of the nozzles (14) cross sectional area (A1, A2) between a first position and a second position. Said flap means (18) is skewed. The nozzle (14) comprises shape forming flap means (24, 62) for forming the cross sectional area (A1, A2), and adjacent flap means (24, 26, 27, 28) having sliding surfaces (22, 22') in continuous contact during said variation. The present invention also relates to method for varying a variable exhaust nozzle (14) for a jet engine (1).

Remote distance measurement by means of a substantially repetitive probing signal

Abstract: The invention relates to remote distance measurement by means of a transmitted substantially repetitive probing signal (E), whereby at least one of a distance (Y(t)) and a velocity (V(t)) in relation to a signal transceiver (200) is determined. The probing signal (E) is generated on basis of at least one first signal (x1(t), X2(t)). The transmitted signal (E) is presumed to be reflected to the signal tansceiver (200) via at least one signal reflecting object in the form of an information carrying signal (e). This signal thus constitutes a delayed and possibly doppler shifted version of the transmitted signal (E). Moreover, according to the invention, a noise signal (x2(t)) is added either to the probing signal (E) before it is transmitted or to the information carrying signal (e) before information pertaining to the reflecting object is derived there from. A primary signal (P1(x1)) is generated, which is based on the first noise signal (X1(t)) and a secondary signal (P2(x1, x2)) is generated, which is based on the information carrying signal (e). Thanks to the contribution from the noise signal (x2(t)) the subsequent signal processing of the primary signal (P1(x1)) and the secondary signal (P2(x1, x2)) can be performed with a high linearity at the same time as a comparatively simple equipment can be utilized for digitizing (240) signal components (SI, SQ; RI, RQ), which have been demodulated from the primary signal (P1(x1)) and the secondary signal (P2(x1, x2)) respecitvely. The solution according to the invention is also applicable at remote distance measurement by means of a digital group antenna system.

Aircraft porous metal surface filled with wax and method in production line

Abstract: The present invention regards a method for manufacture of an article (ART) adapted to be mountable on a sub-structure (54) of an aerial vehicle (23), the article comprises an outer surface (3) serving as an aerodynamic surface during use of the article, the method comprises the steps of providing a blank (52) of sheet metal (1, 1'); providing a porous outer layer (7, 7") of said sheet metal; applying a hydrophobic material (11) into said porous outer layer (7, 7") in such way that the thickness of the porous outer layer (7, 7") entirely being impregnated with the hydrophobic material (11); and finishing the outer surface (3) of the article. The present invention also regards the article achieved by the method and also regards a data medium storing program (P) for causing in a production line an automatic or semi-automatic manufacture of the article.

Human-machine interaction evaluation framework

Abstract: The aim of the study reported in this paper was to use and evaluate a new methodological framework for Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) evaluation in system development for complex, high-risk and task-critical environments to assess overall HMI readiness. This has been conducted in the context of simulations in a state-of-the-art development simulator for fighter aircraft cockpit design in an industrial setting. The simulations included active and experienced military fighter pilots flying two civil navigational scenarios. The framework consists of already established evaluation methods and techniques combined with new influences inspired from risk management practices. A new HMI assessment survey has been developed and integrated into the framework. The results of the study are promising for the studied framework and also indicate some overlap when compared to existing practices regarding collected data. Applied within industry the framework can help leverage future HMI evaluations within system development.

Method and transceiver for network diversity in long distance communications

Abstract: A method in a main node(210) for communication with a destination node (220) over long distances, the method comprising the steps of synchronizing the use of at least one communications resource (270) with an auxiliary node (230), and also generating a main signal (240) and an auxiliary signal (250) from an information quantity, as well as transmitting the main signal (240) to the destination node (220) by the at least one synchronized communications resource, and also transmitting the auxiliary signal (250) to the auxiliary node (230) by the at least one synchronized communications resource.

End-effector body for a fixture device

Abstract: The invention relates to an end-effector body (210, 252, 310) for a fixture device comprising a first fixing point (218, 262, 318) for attachment to an article (270, 370, 470), wherein the end-effector body (210, 252, 310) comprises a second fixing point (220, 262, 320) for article (270, 370, 470) attachment. The fixing points (218, 220, 262, 318, 320) are arranged to face away from the end-effector body (210, 252, 310) in different directions. The invention also regards an adjustable fixture device (400) comprising such end-effector body (210, 252, 310).

Method and arrangement for protecting a trusted network

Abstract: The invention further relates to a security arrangement (30) in a first end terminal (10), connected to a first network (40), for protecting against accidental breach of classified data to a second network (60). The security arrangement (30) is configured to receive a request to transmit real-time communication data (35) to a second end terminal (61) in a second network (60) and retrieve a security classification level for the second network (60). If the second network (60) has a lower security classification level than said first network (40), said security arrangement (30) is further configured to establish an inverse tunnel (100) from the first end terminal (10) to a trusted gateway (50) interconnecting the first network (40) and the second network (60). Said security arrangement (30) is further configured to receive realtime source data (13) generated by a communication means (1) and media stream data (23) comprising header data and payload data generated by a media application (20), wherein said real-time source data (12) is used to generate said media stream data (23) in said media application (20). Yet further, said security arrangement (30) is further configured to create real-time communication data (35) by replacing the payload data in said media stream data (23) with said real-time source data (13), said real-time communication data (35) comprising header data from said media stream data (23) and payload data from said real-time source data (13). Finally, said security arrangement (30) is further configured to transmit said real-time communication (35) data through the inverse tunnel (100). The invention further relates to a method in a first end terminal (10), connected to a first network (40), for protecting against accidental breach of classified data to a second network (60).