Showing papers by "San Francisco State University published in 1975"
TL;DR: In this article, a taxonomy of twenty error types was designed to analyze the errors in the Auxiliary (Aux) and Verb Phrase (VP) of the translations.
Abstract: An orally administered test requiring the written English translation of eighty Spanish sentences was administered to twenty native Spanish speaking students of English as a second language at the elementary and intermediate levels.
A taxonomy of twenty error types was designed to analyze the errors in the Auxiliary (Aux) and Verb Phrase (VP) of the translations. The error types were categorized into errors of overgeneralization, transfer, translation, indeterminate origin, and errors not considered.
The results indicated that the errors made by the elementary and intermediate students were not qualitatively different. However, the subjects' reliance on the stategies of overgeneralization and transfer was found to be qualitatively different. The elementary subjects' reliance on the transfer strategy was found to be significantly higher than that of the intermediate subjects; the intermediate subjects' reliance on the overgeneralization stategy was found to be significantly higher than that of the elementary subjects.
These findings appear to be consistent with a theory which considers second language acquisition to be an actively creative process dependent upon a student's ability to assimilate and subsume new information into already existing cognitive structures. The overgeneralization and transfer learning strategies appear to be two distinctly different linguistic manifestations of one psychological process: reliance on prior learning to facilitate new learning. The results also tend to confirm the weakness of a transfer-based theory of errors and require an explanation which takes into account not only interference from within the target language inself, but also the learner's cognitive characteristics and his resulting learning strategies.
206 citations
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, deep red pigments were extracted from the extracts of Dalea emoryi and were assigned structures 9 and 10 respectively on the basis of an X-ray crystallographic structure determination as well as their chemical properties.
32 citations
TL;DR: There was little change in the consonant-recognition score when a low band and high band were added to the same ear, but, when presented to opposite ears, there was a significant increase in the score, at each of the three sensation levels.
Abstract: A comparison was made of the effect on consonant-recognition scores when a low-frequency passband and a high-frequency passband were presented to either the same ear or opposite ears of hearing-imp...
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new flavone and two diterpenes have been isolated from the extracts of Pamburus missionis and the flavone was identified as an isopentylated apigenin derivative on the basis of spectroscopic studies on it and its diacetate.
20 citations
11 citations
TL;DR: Three inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6, DAB/2, and BALB/c, were run in the standard McClearn-type open-field with 1-, 15/8-, and 36-inch ceiling heights, and an interaction between strain and ceiling height was obtained: while BALb/c mice were the least active strain in the 36- inch-ceiling-height field, they were the most active strains in the 1-inch condition.
Abstract: Three inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6, DAB/2, and BALB/c, were run in the standard McClearn-type open-field with 1-, 15/8-, and 36-inch ceiling heights. Although all strains showed increased activity as a function of lowered ceiling height, an interaction between strain and ceiling height was obtained: while BALB/c mice were the least active strain in the 36-inch-ceiling-height field, they were the most active strain in the 1-inch condition. Implications of this strain x environment interaction for the well-established low open-field activity of BALB/c and other albino strains are discussed.
10 citations
7 citations
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, students' perceptions of high school governance are described and analyzed to provide a basis for comparing the ideals with the practice of civic education Students' statements about actual incidents involving problems in high school government are analyzed in terms of concepts from political science and psychology.
Abstract: Students' perceptions of high school governance are described and analyzed to provide a basis for comparing the ideals with the practice of civic education Students' statements about actual incidents involving problems in high school governance are analyzed in terms of concepts from political science and psychology Their statements are considered in terms of participation in decision making, dissent, due process, and equality Their perceptions of other parties to the conflicts and of alternative resolutions to conflict are described Implications for more effective civic education are given
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, cross-cultural insight and empatience among Chinese immigrants to the United States are discussed. But the authors focus on the cross-cultural insight and empathy.
Abstract: (1975). Cross-Cultural Insight and Empathy among Chinese Immigrants to the United States. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 96, No. 2, pp. 305-306.
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of possible relationships between birth order and polydrug use patterns of heroin addicts prior to undergoing treatment.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of possible relationships between birth order and polydrug use patterns of heroin addicts prior to undergoing treatment. Overrepresentation of only child heroin addicts was evident among the population studied.
TL;DR: An experiment to measure short-term variations in the vertical distributions of biologically significant variables in a coastal upwelling ecosystem was carried out in July, 1973, off the coast of Oregon as mentioned in this paper.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: The catalog of agents that have been used to produce subjective changes is impressive, and each generation not only adds a few new substances but seems impelled to re-evaluate the old.
Abstract: The catalog of agents that have been used to produce subjective changes is impressive, and each generation not only adds a few new substances but seems impelled to re-evaluate the old [1].
TL;DR: The Blind Adolescent Life Skills Center provides both individual and group instruction in mobility, living skills, communication, recreation, and social relations for the blind and visually impaired individuals.
Abstract: The Blind Adolescent Life Skills Center provides both individual and group instruction in mobility, living skills, communication, recreation, and social relations. The program does not take place i...
TL;DR: I am afraid that Sagan's proposal raises more difficulties than it solves, as he apparently assumes that 'genesis' means the origin of life, while in fact it simply means 'origin' (of anything) (Webster's Dictionary, 1966).
Abstract: In his recent note to this Journal Sagan (1974) claimed that the term 'biogenesis' is being misused by some authors writing on the origin of life. He defined 'biogenesis' as the origin of life from life and suggested that the term 'abiogenesis' should be reserved for the origin of life from non-living matter. These are the meanings the terms had in the older biological literature and they are still defined this way in dictionaries. However, now that the scientific study of the origin of life has become a mature discipline in its own right it is perhaps timely to reconsider the older definitions of these terms. While I would certainly favor any suggestion which reduces confusion of terminology I am afraid that Sagan's proposal raises more difficulties than it solves. He apparently assumes that 'genesis' means the origin of life, while in fact it simply means 'origin' (of anything) (Webster's Dictionary, 1966). If we were to adopt Sagan's recommendation then for the sake of consistency all those terms currently in use which contain '-genesis' would have to be redefined. For example, 'nucleogenesis' would mean the origin of life from atomic nuclei, 'ketogenesis' the origin of life from ketones, and 'carcinogenesis' the origin of life from cancer. When one considers the large number of scientific terms in this class it is not clear why the rule of definition should be different for 'biogenesis'. It is of course true that the noun 'biogenesis' is used in biochemical literature to denote the synthesis of materials within living matter and in this usage it is equivalent to the term 'biosynthesis'. But when used in this way the noun always has an object, e.g., the biogenesis oflipids, while in the origin-of-life context the noun is used without an object. If one surveys the titles of papers in a recent extensive bibliography on chemical evolution (West and Ponnamperuma, 1970; West et al., 1972, 1973, 1974) it is apparent that the term 'biogenesis' is frequently used to denote the origin of life from non-living matter. It is preferred in the French literature (la biogen6se) (e.g., Gavaudan, 1967; but also has been unambiguously employed by many authors in English as well (e.g., Locker, 1973). On the other hand, the term 'abiogenesis' is not often used, and for good reasons, since it literally means the origin of non-life. I have no quarrel with Sagan's definitions of the adjectives 'biogenic' and 'abiogenic' although for the latter I prefer the terms 'prebiotic' and 'abiotic' as apparently do many other authors writing on the origin of life (West and Ponnamperuma, 1970). Finally, it is worth pointing out that the rather lengthy quotation from T. H. Huxley cited by Sagan bears no discernible relation to the specific points under discussion,
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TL;DR: In this article, a numerical solution for junction field effect devices has been obtained for homogeneous and inhomogeneous channel profiles, based on the fact that the current carrying portion of the channel has a net space charge present.
Abstract: Numerical solutions for junction field effect devices have been accomplished for homogeneous and inhomogeneous channel profiles. The inhomogeneous channel model chosen is a doping level that is ten times greater at the source contact than at the drain. This formulation is based upon the fact that the current carrying portion of the channel has a net space charge present. The device geometry is chosen such that a one-dimensional solution can be investigated. Under these conditions, a formulation is made, based on the solution of Poisson's equation and the current equation, due to drift. These equations are solved numerically with the appropriate boundary conditions. Output characteristics of the JFET are plotted for field dependent and independent mobility for the same variety of profiles, and for an equivalent geometry device, as published previously, to show the comparison of the results. It is concluded that the present results are more accurate.