Showing papers by "State University of Semarang published in 2022"

E-learning evaluation during the COVID-19 pandemic era based on the updated of Delone and McLean information systems success model

Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic makes the government adjust the learning system from face-to-face to e-learning amid restrictions on mass social contact. We develop the Updated Delone and McLean information systems success (D&M ISS) model by incorporating external factors. The newly added constructs include student capability, teacher capability, and social influence. We employed partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on 427 respondents gathered from online survey questionnaires completed by undergraduate and postgraduate students during the pandemic. The study identifies that user satisfaction depends on improving the system’s quality, quality of information, teacher’s capability, students’ capability, and social impact. The study also finds a reciprocal relation between students’ satisfaction and net academic benefit. The e-learning system should be enhanced by improving the system’s quality and students’ satisfaction, quality of information, quality of service, and student and teacher capability that do not influence the use of e-learning. This paper provides valuable theoretical and practical implications for regulators and researchers to evaluate e-learning success.

CO2 Emissions in Indonesia: The Role of Urbanization and Economic Activities towards Net Zero Carbon

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the nexus between CO2 emissions, urbanization, and economic activity, as well as identify whether the pollution haven hypothesis is proven in Indonesia. It utilized time series data of Indonesia during the 1971–2019 period. Furthermore, the vector error correction model (VECM) was used to determine the long-run and short-run interplay using cointegration and Granger causality approaches. The empirical results showed the pollution haven hypothesis occurred in Indonesia. A long-term relationship with CO2 emissions was observed from the model. In addition, unidirectional causality occurred from urbanization, economic growth, exports, and foreign direct investment to CO2 emissions in the short term. It was concluded that the achievement of the Paris Agreement will be successful when the committed countries are courageous in transforming their economy. However, major adjustments are needed, where all parties need to have the same vision towards net zero carbon.

Hydrolysis of <i>S. platensis</i> Using Sulfuric Acid for Ethanol Production

Abstract: S. platensis is a microalga that contains carbohydrate composition of 30.21% which makes it potential to be used as raw material for ethanol production. Hydrolysis of S. platensis is the first step for converting its carbohydrates into monosaccharides. The second step is fermentation of monosaccharides into ethanol. This research aims to study the effect of temperature and microalgae concentration on the hydrolysis of S. platensis using sulfuric acid as catalyst. This research was conducted using 300 mL sulfuric acid of 2 mol/L, hydrolysis temperatures of 70, 80 and 90 °C, and microalgae concentrations of 20, 26.7, and 33.3 g/L. The effect of temperature is significant in the hydrolysis of S. platensis using sulfuric acid. At microalgae concentration of 20 g/L and hydrolysis time of 35 minutes, the higher the temperatures (70, 80, and 90 °C), the more the glucose yields would be (8.9, 13.5, and 22.9%). This temperature effect got stronger when the hydrolysis was running for 15 minutes. Every time the hydrolysis temperature increased by 10 °C, the glucose yield increased by 13.0% at microalgae concentration of 33.3 g/L. At temperature of 90 °C and time of 35 minutes, the higher the microalgae concentrations (20, 26.7, and 33.3 g/L), the higher the glucose yields would be (25.5, 27.7, and 28.2%). The highest glucose concentration obtained was 2.82 g/L at microalgae concentration of 33.3 g/L, temperature of 90 °C, and time of 35 minutes.

Penerapan Kanban Model Sebagai Metode Perancangan Sistem Informasi (Studi Kasus: Pemetaan Sekolah SMA/K/MA Kota Tasikmalaya)

Abstract: Abstract — Methodologies in software development are now increasing, agile methods with a variety of modeling, one of which is kanban. Kanban is used for the first time in Toyota’s manufacturing system. Kanban has various benefits that make it perform better than other methods for developing software projects, delivering rapid results over a set period of high quality and low cost, and it can be visualize the flow of the work. The purpose of this study is to apply kanban modeling in the design of information systems, as case studies are implemented on a GIS based information system for the mapping of Senior high school or Vocational school in Tasikmalaya. The results of this study include the design process using kanban methods with UML modeling and the final result is the user interface system.Keywords— kanban, design, systems, gisAbstrak — Metodologi dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak kini semakin meningkat, metode agile dengan berbagai pemodelan salah satunya adalah kanban. Kanban digunakan untuk pertama kalinya dalam sistem manufaktur Toyota. Kanban memiliki berbagai manfaat yang membuatnya berkinerja lebih baik daripada metode lain untuk mengembangkan proyek perangkat lunak, memberikan hasil yang cepat selama periode tertentu dengan kualitas tinggi dan biaya rendah, dan dapat memvisualisasikan alur kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan pemodelan kanban dalam perancangan sistem informasi, karena studi kasus diimplementasikan pada sistem informasi berbasis GIS untuk pemetaan SMA atau SMK di Tasikmalaya. Hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain proses perancangan menggunakan metode kanban dengan pemodelan UML dan hasil akhir berupa user interface sistem. Kata Kunci— kanban, desain, sistem, gis

Peningkatan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Materi Mengindentifikasi Bangun Ruang dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to increase activity and the results of math study in the student class VI, where students will be able to be more active in math study and will be able to improve student's learning through the acquisition of a math daily test in the material identifying space. The study employed class action research methods. The research model used is a cycle model developed by Kemmis and Taggart. The research is run at SDN Kedungsari 5, manageable year study 2020/2021. The study subject was VI class of 32 children, among whom there were 13 male and 19 female students. The method of collecting data used is by using triangulation of methods and source triangulation, both of which are analyzed according to the research obtained that is by two ways: (1) quantitative data is analyzed using comparative deductions; and (2) qualitative data are analyzed using qualitative descriptions. The research is done in two cycles. Cycle I with the CTL approach through the big group discussion and cycle II uses the CTL approach by the assignment method and small group discussion. This research shows the application of a CTL approach to student class VI SDN class 5 manageable class 2020/2021 lesson year exactly 2nd semester, can increase activation and student learning results. This can be shown from the initial conditions of obtaining an average score of 62.06. Then in the first cycle, it can increase to 69.52 which at end of the average result of the end of the cycle test is 81.47. That way, the ability of teacher management in learning the CTL approach in class VI SDN Kedungsari 5 Magelang City has met the indicators of success.

Sejarah Perbankan

Abstract: Artikel ini membahas tentang sejarah perbankan

Final Perbaikan Ekonomi Mikro

Abstract: Zakat merupakan salah satu ibadah yang diperintahkan oleh Allah Swt. Kepada umat manusia, dengan tujuan dan sasaran yang jelas berdasarkan Al-Qur’an dan al-hadis, namun dalam prakteknya di tengah masyarakat, sering kali terjadi salah sasaran. Hasil dari penelitian kajian pustaka yang telah dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa Pertama, tujuan zakat dalam konteks ibadah adalah terciptanya kepatuhan dan ketundukan seorang hamba terhadap Rabbnya untuk menunaikan perintahNya, yang bermanfaat bagi muzakki untuk mensucikan hati-hati manusia dari sifat-sifat tercela, terutama sifat bakhil, kikir, dan rakus terhadap harta, serta hubbu al-dunya yang berlebihan, mensucikan harta manusia dari hal-hal yang bersifat syubhat atas perolehan harta tersebut, dan menghindarkan dari hal yang haram, dan memberikan ketenangan dan ketentraman hati dan pikiran para muzakki atas harta yang mereka miliki. Dalam konteks sosial ekonomi/muamalah zakat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan tarap hidup dan kesejahteraan masyarakat, melaui pemerataan distribusi pendapatan yang diperoleh oleh orang kaya, untuk disalurkan kepada orang miskin melalui zakat, infak dan sedekah, dan pemberdayaan atas zakat, sebagai pendorong investasi secara langsung dan tidak langsung bagi suatu negara. Kedua, sasaran zakat ditujukan kepada delapan asnaf yang terdiri dari, fakir dan miskin, amil, muallaf, memerdekakan budak (riqab), orang yang berutang (gharim), orang yang berjuang di jalan Allah (fi’sabilillah), dan ibnu sabil.

Problems of street children in urban

Abstract: his study aims to find out about street children, whether street children's behavior, socioeconomic characteristics of street children, self-concept of street children, and differences in selfconcept based on the characteristics of street children. Most street children who live in urban areas are men who have very low levels of education. Which they have to work on the streets. Whether it's busking, car window cleaners and many others. Street children themselves have reasons why they have to work not to continue their education because street children themselves are very difficult economically and some are to earn extra money, some even make recreational facilities. Parental education for street children on average is only low-educated, such as elementary school graduates and not even graduation.

Membangun Pendidikan Karakter Kepemimpinan Anak Sejak Dini

Abstract: Kepemimpinan adalah tanggungjawab semua orang termasuk anak. Peran serta atau kontribusi yang paling penting untuk setiap pendidik ataupun orang tua yaitu mengembangkan dan membangun sikap kepemimpinan anak. Dalam membangun pendidikan kepemimpinan anak hal utama yang perlu diketahui atau diperhatikan adalah tahap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak sejak usia dini. Orang tua dan pendidik berpeluang untuk menanamkan jiwa kepemimpinan pada saat di dalam rumah dan kelas, pentingnya menanamkan jiwa kepemimpinan bagi anak dengan tujuan anak bisa menghadapi zaman yang akan datang yang semakin maju

Kesadaran Masyarakat Terhadap Pelaksanaan Nikah Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Abstract: The focus of this research is marriage services during the Covid-19 Pandemic to the people of Southeast Padangsidimpuan District, Padang Sidempuan City, by raising two main problems, namely 1) how is the implementation of marriage during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Southeast Padangsidimpuan District? 2) How is the awareness of the people of Southeast Padangsidimpuan District towards Circular No: P-006/DJ.III/Hk.00.7/06/2020 Regarding Marriage Services in the Covid-19 Era?. The approach used in this study is a qualitative-descriptive approach, namely data collection by means of interviews, observations and document studies. The results showed that most of the people already knew about the rules of service during the Covid-19 Pandemic, but because according to them marriage is a history that only happens once in a lifetime and is also a sacred thing in life so they don't care about the rules that apply. there is already the most important thing is to stick to the prokes during the wedding. But on the other hand, there are also some people who don't know about marriage rules during the Pandemic, but they know that during the pandemic it's not allowed to gather a lot of people. So the results of this study indicate that there is no public awareness of the Southeast Padangsidimpuan District towards marriage services during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Apresiasi pentingnya guru terhadap dunia pendidikan

Abstract: Dunia Pendidikan sebagai suatu wadah berfungsi untuk menjadi pusat edukasi, mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik dan membentuk peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat agar mampu mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Dalam dunia pendidikan ada sosok yang perannya dalam dunia pendidikan yaitu seorang guru. Tujuan umum dari dunia pendidikan adalah pengembangan potensi individu. Sebagai suatu profesi Seorang guru memiliki pengetahuan luas dan keterampilan profesional yang diperoleh melalui perguruan tinggi dan pengalaman kerja. Guru memiliki kode etik untuk menjadi landasan dalam mengajar dan guru juga memiliki organisasi yang bertujuan untuk menjalin jaringan dengan guru yang lain agar dapat berkembang menjadi guru yang lebih baik. Guru menjalankan perannya di dunia pendidikandengan mendidik dan mengembangkan potensi dari peserta didik. Pengetahuan dan pendidikan adalah dasar dari segala sesuatu yang dapat dicapai dalam kehidupan. Guru memberdayakan generasi muda saat ini untuk mendidik mereka sehingga mereka memiliki potensi untuk memiliki masa depan yang lebih baik.

The Tradition of Semaan Al-Qur'an at Al Washilah Mosque, Podo Village, Kedungwuni District, Pekalongan Regency

Abstract: The “Semaan” tradition is one of the many phenomena of Muslims in reviving or presenting the Koran in everyday life. This tradition gives special attention and becomes the main attraction for the pilgrims who follow it according to their motives and views. With a socio-religious and cultural background, the pilgrims certainly have a certain understanding and meaning. This study was designed using qualitative methods, because the data generated are in the form of words and actions. In digging up the data, the instruments used were interviews, in-depth observations and related documentation such as photos or recordings.

Modelling of Liquid-Liquid Equilibria Using NRTL and UNIFAC Equations in the Extraction of Bio-Oil-Based Phenolics Produced from the Pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse

Abstract: An exploration on renewable energy resources has been paid more attention due to the depletion of the fossil-based energy resource. In addition, their safe and environmentally friendly properties have attracted experts’ interest. One of the renewable energy resources is the bio-oil produced from sugarcane bagasse. The bio-oil was produced through a pyrolysis at 500°C. However, the produced bio-oil showed a high content of phenolics, c.a. 40-60%. A liquid-liquid extraction to remove the phenolics using methanol-chloroform solvents would be beneficial to improve the stability of the bio-oil as well as to obtain high purity phenolics. Modelling of the liquid-liquid equilibria in the extraction was then developed using NRTL and UNIFAC equations. The empirical quantitative data of phase equilibrium system were calculated on both the extract and raffinate phases. The lowest RMSD value of 0.043160 was obtained from the calculations using NRTL equation at an extraction temperature of 50°C. Thus, the most suitable model was achieved using NRTL equation.

Strengthening of Non-engineered Building Beam-Column Joint to Increase Seismic Performance with Variation of Steel Plate Width

Abstract: Most of the residential buildings were built without following the requirements specified in the design Code of earthquake-resistant building. Such non-engineering buildings (NEB) are susceptible to seismic hazard. Beam-column joint failure is a typical example of structural failure in NEB induced by seismic load. Strengthening of the beam-column joint by mean of external steel plate is expected to increase the seismic performance of NEB. This study aims to find the most effective plate width as a strengthening material for the beam-column joint. ATENA software will be used for the investigation. The structural model is portal structure without strengthening as a control, namely the PU-200 model and with an external steel plate, namely PUP-200 with various width of plates. From the results of the analysis, it is found that strengthening joint with a plate width of 50 mm has better performance than plate widths of 100 mm and 150 mm. The increase performance is quantified in term of increase of load by 14.60%, reduction of displacement by 18.43% and reduction of crack width by 23.65%.

Strategi Guru dalam Meningkatkan Daya Minat Literasi Membaca dan Menulis Siswa, melalui Dongeng dan Cerpen

Abstract: Literacy is a person's ability to understand and process information when doing the process of writing and reading. Literacy always evolves according to the challenges of the times. Previously, the definition of literacy was the ability to write and read. So now, the term literacy can be used in a broader sense, and has developed into cultural practices that are closely related to political and social issues. Etymologically the term literacy comes from Latin, namely, "literatus" which means people who learn. In this case, it can be seen that literacy is closely related to the process of writing and reading. Now literacy has many variations of expressions, such as computer literacy, scientific literacy , school literacy and subject literacy.

Cinematographic Poetics in Contemporary Indonesian Poetry: Re-envisioning Human-Nature Interconnections in the Digital Age Through Afrizal Malna’s Anxiety Myths

Abstract: Both poetry and electronic media, such as the telegraph and cinema, use signs and codes as language. Not only literary devices, images in ecopoetry are also visual expressions of ecomedia. In ecological terms, this chapter explores the correlation between images as concepts or signifiers and their references to objects or the signified. Indonesian poet Afrizal Malna’s collection Anxiety Myths (2013) interweaves telegraphic language with cinematic montage to express various images of urban melancholy. The epigrammatic, episodic images of the poems, juxtaposed through techniques of cinematic montage and jump cuts, produce an immediacy of events and directness of expression. In the poems, this interconnected typography, in conjunction with recurring images of natural landscapes and anthropogenic cultural materials, reveals an ecological vision that evokes one’s cognizance of urban ecosystems and the importance of consuming material goods responsibly.

Resume ekonomi makro

Abstract: Resume terkait pada makro ekonomi dan mikro ekonomi

The influence of social media on reading interest al-quran in the month of ramadan among teenagers

Abstract: It is undeniable that the presence of the internet is increasingly needed in everyday life, both in any activity. It is undeniable that human social activities cannot be separated from internet technology, as well as communication tools that are now increasingly sophisticated. Whether among children, teenagers, adults, or parents, they are all inseparable from communication tools and social media. No wonder nowadays social media is very influential in one's life. Especially among teenagers today, that social media is one of the most important things in their lives. For the community, especially teenagers, social media has become an addiction that makes its users no day without opening social media. Because by their nature, adolescence is the most beautiful period, so they are looking for their identity. So from social media, they can be negatively affected and sometimes they forget their obligations. Whether it's the obligation to help parents, study, or recite the Koran. For example, in this month of Ramadan, many teenagers spend their time playing social media or playing online games. This article raises the problem in the community, namely "The Influence of Social Media on Interest in Reading the Qur'an in the Month of Ramadan Among Adolescents" because it aims to determine the impact of social media on the lack of interest in reading the Koran in the month of Ramadan. Here we use quantitative descriptive methods and the results are used as understanding material to overcome interest in reading the Koran among teenagers due to the influence of social media.

The students’ perception of advance organizer as a background knowledge building strategy on listening comprehension

Abstract: This study investigated the students’ perception toward Advance Organizer as background knowledge building to the second-semester students of IKIP PGRI Pontianak. Advance Organizer is a strategy that builds and enriches the students’ background knowledge and it is very needed to encounter challenges in listening comprehension activities. A descriptive studies was applied in order to gain the finding of the study by administered a questionnaire to the second-semester students. The researcher adapted the ASSIST questionnaire and used the surface approach as the indicator of the questionnaire. The data indicate that the overall average of the respondents’ achievement is 97,6 and categorized as high. The highest achievement was on the indicator of lack of purpose scored as 82 and categorized as very high. It was followed by unrelated memorizing and fear of failure indicators with the score of achievement 79,5 and 71,7 which were categorized as high. From the data analysis, it was found that the students’ perception of Advance Organizer was positive.

Hubungan dukungan keluarga dan pengambilan keputusan karier mahasiswa fakultas ilmu pendidikan unnes

Abstract: Students in their career decision making are influenced by many factors that can support the sustainability of their career in the future. One of the factors that can support comes from the ectsternal factor is family support. This research aims to find out the relationship between family support for career decision-making in students of Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan UNNES. Sampling technique with proportional stratified random sampling method with a sample number of 320 students. Data retrieval is done using a career decision-making scale, and a family support scale. Data analysis techniques use multiple regression techniques with the help of SPSS. The results showed a link between family support and career decision-making (t = 4,178, β = 0.249) which indicated the higher the level of student family relationships, the higher the level of career decision-making.The conclusion of this study is there is a positve relationship between family support and career decision making of students in Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan UNNES.

Memahami peran guru pada abad 21 serta tantangan pembelajaran

Abstract: Abad ke-21 identik dengan masa kebebasan dan perkembangan teknologi. Pada abad ke-21 muncul generasi yang terbentuk oleh internet, dan globalisasi. Dalam zaman saat ini, yaitu era globalisasi dengan keterbukaan informasi dan teknologi yang berkembang pesat. guru pada zaman sekarang harus mampu menggunakan perkembangan teknologi sebagai media pembelajaran agar mampu mencapai tujuan pembelajaran dengan lebih efisien. Sebagai contoh guru dapat mengunduh video terkait materi yang akan diajarkan di youtube dan menunjukkan video nya di kelas. Kehidupan pada abad ke-21 menuntut individu untuk mengusai berbagai keterampilan,sehingga diharapkan lembaga pendidikan mampu mempersiapkan siswa untuk menguasai berbagai keterampilan abad ke-21 agar dapat menjadi pribadi yang sukses dalam hidup di abad ke-21. Tentu saja juga ada tantangan dalam mewujudkan peserta didik memahami dan menguasai keterampilan abad-21. Tantangan itu sendiri muncul di pelaku utama lembaga pendidikan yaitu guru, jika seorang guru tidak mampu memahami peran nya sebagai fasilitator pada zaman sekarang dan tidak memiliki keterampilan dalam menjalankan peran tersebut maka guru itu tidak dapat beradaptasi di kelas yang isinya generasi yang mampu mengoperasikan teknologi dan media abad-ke21. Oleh karena itu guru harus dapat menavigasikan dirinya dengan meningkatkan profesionalitas dan keterampilan untuk menghadapi era digital ini agar pembelajaran di kelas juga berjalan lancar. Pembelajaran abad ke-21 mencakup mengenai pengembangan ilmupengetahuan,soft skill, pemikiran kritis, dan pemecahan masalah.Skill ini akan membantu siswa untuk memiliki karir yag sukses dan cemerlang di masa depan. Guru memiliki peran untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilan abad ke-21.

Pancasila and Communism: An Ideological Comparison

Abstract: Research in this journal discusses the ideologies that exist in the world and compares and looks for differences with the ideology of Pancasila. The research method used is descriptive analysis which discusses the differences between the ideology of Pancasila and the ideology of communism. In the Pancasila ideology, it is true that the attitudes and characteristics of the humble and flexible Pancasila ideology have contained all existing values ​​and have other ideologies. While the ideology of communism according to Karl Max is so easy to use as a tool of the rulers to realize their desires, either by coercion or using radical methods. Of course, the two ideologies are very inversely proportional, so the Indonesian people establish the ideology of Pancasila by instilling noble values ​​and openness to realize the ideals of the Indonesian State.

WEB OF CAUSATION (Stunting pada balita dikabupaten Enrekang)

Abstract: Stunting adalah kondisi gagal pertumbuhan pada anak akibat kekurangan gizi dalam waktu yang lama. Menurut WHO, Indonesia termasuk ke dalam negara1ketiga dengan prevalensi tertinggi di regional Asia Tenggara /South-East Asia Regional (SEAR). Rata-rata1prevalensi balita stunting di Indonesia tahun 2005-2017 adalah 36,4%, sehingga persentase balita pendek di Indonesia masih tinggi. Menurut Riskesdas tahun 2018, provensi sualawesi selatan masih berada di angka 35,4% , dengan kabupaten Enrekang tertiggi ke-5 dengan persentase 42%. Data PSG tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa kecamatan yang memiliki prevalensi stunting tertinggi yaitu Kecamatan Baraka sebesar 45,1%. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan sosial budaya dengan kejadian stunting pada baita usia 24-59 bulan di Desa Bone-Bone Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dengan teknik total sampling. Jumlah Al Gizzai: Public Health Nutrition JournalVol. 1, No. 1, Januari 2021populasi dalam penelitin ini adalah 34 balita, dan jumlah sampel juga sebanyak 34 balita karena menggunakan total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara dukungan keluarga (p=0,050) dengan kejadian stunting tidak terdapat hubungan antara sosial budaya (p=0,0281), kepercayaan makanan (p=0,089), dan pengasuhan anak (p=1.000) dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan.

Deregulasi Dan Debirokrasi Pelayanan Publik: Strategi Dan Langkah Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pelayanan Publik Di Kabupaten / Kota

Abstract: This paper discusses the need for deregulation and debureaucratization to improve the quality of public services. Deregulation and debureaucratization in public service, which is basically a part of the public administration reform is needed to improve the performance of bureaucracy to be more effective, efficient and competitive. So that will be spurred to further enhance community participation and initiative in the process of national and regional development. In this paper offers two strategies, namely "integration strategy" for public service based on the Kabupaten (region) and "Decentralization Strategy" for public services based on the Kecamatan (district) level.

LGBT dalam Kajian Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia

Abstract: Kehadiran LGBT mulai berani terang-terangan menunjukkan eksistensinya mengindikasikan bahwa mereka telah terdukung oleh makro sistem yang memuluskan jalannya. Secara spesifik mengangkat isu pelanggaran HAM berdasarkan orientasi seksual dan identitas gender. Penulisan ni bertujuan untuk membahas fenomena LGBT di Indonesia dalam perspektif hukum Hak Asasi Manusia dimana terdapat dua prinsip melatarbelakangi konsep HAM itu sendiri yakni prinsip kebebasan dan persamaan. Dua dua hal tersebut merupakan dasar dari adanya sebuah keadilan. HAM adalah hak dasar yang diakui di Indonesia, akan tetapi ada pembatasan yang ditetapkan UU, moral, etika, dan nilai agama yang menegaskan bahwa setiap manusia di samping memiliki hak asasi manusia untuk dilindungi, mereka juga memiliki kewajiban untuk menghormati hak asasi orang lain dan juga ketertiban masyarakat sekitar.