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TL;DR: The hallmarks of cancer conceptualization is a heuristic tool for distilling the vast complexity of cancer phenotypes and genotypes into a provisional set of underlying principles as mentioned in this paper , which are used to understand mechanisms of cancer development and malignant progression, and apply that knowledge to cancer medicine.
Abstract: The hallmarks of cancer conceptualization is a heuristic tool for distilling the vast complexity of cancer phenotypes and genotypes into a provisional set of underlying principles. As knowledge of cancer mechanisms has progressed, other facets of the disease have emerged as potential refinements. Herein, the prospect is raised that phenotypic plasticity and disrupted differentiation is a discrete hallmark capability, and that nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming and polymorphic microbiomes both constitute distinctive enabling characteristics that facilitate the acquisition of hallmark capabilities. Additionally, senescent cells, of varying origins, may be added to the roster of functionally important cell types in the tumor microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer is daunting in the breadth and scope of its diversity, spanning genetics, cell and tissue biology, pathology, and response to therapy. Ever more powerful experimental and computational tools and technologies are providing an avalanche of "big data" about the myriad manifestations of the diseases that cancer encompasses. The integrative concept embodied in the hallmarks of cancer is helping to distill this complexity into an increasingly logical science, and the provisional new dimensions presented in this perspective may add value to that endeavor, to more fully understand mechanisms of cancer development and malignant progression, and apply that knowledge to cancer medicine.
1,838 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors collected and curated a dataset of 627,013 unique MHC-II ligands identified by mass spectrometry, which enabled them to precisely determine the binding motifs of 88 major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II alleles across humans, mice, cattle, and chickens.
2 citations
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04 Apr 2023TL;DR: In this paper , the authors showed that miR-155 expression was associated with more cytokine-producing cells and tumor control in B16 tumors expressing a low affinity antigen ligand.
Abstract: <div>Abstract<p>microRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that regulate protein expression posttranscriptionally. We previously showed that miR-155 promotes effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses. However, little is known about the regulation of miR-155 expression. Here, we report that antigen affinity and dose determine miR-155 expression in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. In B16 tumors expressing a low-affinity antigen ligand, tumor-specific infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells showed variable miR-155 expression, whereby high miR-155 expression was associated with more cytokine-producing cells and tumor control. Moreover, anti–PD-1 treatment led to both increased miR-155 expression and tumor control by specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. In addition, miR-155 overexpression enhanced exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell persistence in the LCMV cl13 chronic viral infection model. In agreement with these observations in mouse models, miR-155 expression in human effector memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells positively correlated with their frequencies in tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes of melanoma patients. Low miR-155 target gene signature in tumors was associated with prolonged overall survival in melanoma patients. Altogether, these results raise the possibility that high miR-155 expression in CD8<sup>+</sup> tumor-infiltrating T cells may be a surrogate marker of the relative potency of <i>in situ</i> antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses.</p></div>
Authors
Showing all 2 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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MaryKate Messimer | 1 | 1 | 2 |
قيفوتلا يلو هللاو | 1 | 1 | 2 |