Showing papers by "Tokyo University of Science published in 1980"

Trichothecene Mycotoxins Mycology, Chemistry, and Toxicology

Abstract: The mycotoxins reviewed in this section comprise a family of closely related sesquiterpenoids produced by various species of fungi such as Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, Cephalosporium, Verticimonosporium and Stachybotrys,and are classified as trichothecenes after trichothecin, the first member of the group to be discovered (Freeman and Morrison, 1949). In the early stage of trichothecene studies, the first isolate, trichothecin, was discovered as a result of screening of antifungal metabolites in a culture of Trichothecium roseum. The following survey demonstrated that Myrothecium roridum and M. verrucaria produced potent antifungal metabolites, which were designated as verrucarins A through J and rondins A through E (Harri et al.,1962). Structural studies on these compounds demonstrated that they are macrocyclic trichothecenes (Bohner et al., 1965).

Toxicological evaluation of trichothecene mycotoxins

Abstract: Among 40 kinds of trichothecenes, nivalenol and deoxynivalenol of Fusarium graminearum are the dominant pollutants of cereal grains. Pharmacological mechanisms of vomiting and skin toxicity, immunological disorders, metabolism in animal tissues and epoxide-specific detection method were summerized.

Evaluation of the distribution of power in a weighted voting system

Abstract: A distribution of weights in a weighted voting system sometimes yields quite undesirable effects on the outcome of voting, which have not been foreseen until such outcomes actually occur. Examples are the existence of so-called “dummies,” unexpected power of veto, the failure of reflecting the dominance order of weights proportionally on the order of the effective power. The present paper introduce a number of criteria to distinguish such undesirable aspects which potentially exist in some particular configurations of the weight distribution. The criteria were stated in simple relations among weights which can be checked quite easily. Mathematical relations among the criteria were also presented in theorems with their empirical interpretations. Using the proposed criteria, the recent results of the general election for the House of Representatives in Japan was analyzed.

An approach to a semantic analysis of metaphor

Abstract: The present study deals with conflict resolution process in metaphorical interpretation for the noun phrase. In order to make the problem more explicit, we have reviewed the knowledge representation with conflict both from cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. Then, we propose a semantic model which is optained from the notion of Linguistics as Chemistry. That is, the model called "Semistry" is introduced so as to interprete a metaphor semantic bonds between nouns. By using production system couped with contex free parser (ELINGOL), the working system called META-SIM is constructed to analyze the noun phrase metaphor. Finally, there are discussions on a role of metaphor in human cognitive processing.