Showing papers by "Universidade de Ribeirão Preto published in 2010"

Physiological parameters in sugarcane cultivars submitted to water deficit

Abstract: To investigate the processes involved in the susceptibility of sugarcane plants to water deficit, several physiological parameters were evaluated in drought tolerant (SP83-2847 and CTC15) and sensitive (SP86-155) cultivars. The water deficit affected the photosynthetic apparatus of all the plants in different ways, within and among cultivars. The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased significantly in all cultivars submitted to water deficit. In control plants of the tolerant cultivars (SP83-2847 and CTC15) the photosynthetic rate was higher than in the sensitive cultivar (SP86-155). Cultivar CTC15 showed the highest relative water content during the dry period. The quantum efficiency photosystem II of cultivar SP83-2847 was more stable in the last days of the experimental treatment, suggesting that the decline in relative water content stimulated an adjustment of photosynthetic capacity to tolerate the changes in water availability. As a whole, the tolerant SP83-2847 and CTC15 cultivars exhibited a better photosynthetic performance than the sensitive SP86-155 cultivar. The data suggest that these physiological parameters can be used in the evaluation and distinction of drought tolerant and sensitive sugarcane genotypes.

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-oedematous effects of Lafoensia pacari extract and ellagic acid.

Abstract: Lafoensia pacari St. Hil. (Lythraceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation. Previously, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect that the ethanolic extract of L. pacari has in Toxocara canis infection (a model of systemic eosinophilia). In this study, we tested the anti-inflammatory activity of the same L. pacari extract in mice injected intraperitoneally with beta-glucan present in fraction 1 (F1) of the Histoplasma capsulatum cell wall (a model of acute eosinophilic inflammation). We also determined the anti-oedematous, analgesic and anti-pyretic effects of L. pacari extract in carrageenan-induced paw oedema, acetic acid writhing and LPS-induced fever, respectively. L. pacari extract significantly inhibited leucocyte recruitment into the peritoneal cavity induced by beta-glucan. In addition, the L. pacari extract presented significant analgesic, anti-oedematous and anti-pyretic effects. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the L. pacari extract in the F1 model led us to identify ellagic acid. As did the extract, ellagic acid presented anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous and analgesic effects. However, ellagic acid had no anti-pyretic effect, suggesting that other compounds present in the plant stem are responsible for this effect. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate potential therapeutic effects of L. pacari extract and ellagic acid, providing new prospects for the development of drugs to treat pain, oedema and inflammation.

In vitro germplasm conservation of Podophyllum peltatum L. under slow growth conditions.

Abstract: Germplasm conservation of Podophyllum peltatum L. was attempted by using synthetic seed technology and media supplemented with osmotic agents. Excised buds from in vitro cultures were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads and cultured on different substrates then stored at 5, 10, and 25°C for up to 8 mo. Survival and vigor in re-growth were the parameters used to evaluate the germplasm storage conditions. Vigor in re-growth was measured by number of buds induced after storage, which was achieved on a substrate containing water solidified with 1% w/v agar under 10°C. In vitro storage of shoot cultures was also evaluated by supplementing osmotic agents, mannitol, or sorbitol to the media. Such treatment had a negative impact on post-storage re-growth (at 25°C), even though the inclusion of 2% w/v sorbitol and mannitol each to the media increased plantlet survival during 10°C storage treatment. A deleterious effect was noticed among cultures in re-growth when higher concentrations of these supplements were added to the media. Genetic stability was assessed following 8 mo of storage using a PCR-based multilocus DNA fingerprinting technique, amplified fragment-length polymorphism. No differences in the DNA fragment patterns were observed using eight primer combinations in stored clones. However, a polymorphic band was noticed in the accession that served as explant source, suggesting that the mutation has occurred prior to this study perhaps during the 9 years of in vitro cultivation.

Serotonin receptor (5-HT 2A) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms: triggers of fibromyalgia?

Abstract: INTRODUCAO: A fibromialgia e uma sindrome reumatica caracterizada por dor difusa e cronica associada a fadiga, insonia, ansiedade, depressao, perda de memoria e tontura. Embora os mecanismos fisiologicos que controlam a fibromialgia nao tenham sido estabelecidos, fatores neuroendocrinos, geneticos ou moleculares podem estar envolvidos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar os polimorfismos dos genes do receptor de serotonina (5-HT2A) e da catecolO-metiltransferase (COMT) em pacientes brasileiros com fibromialgia, a fim de avaliar sua participacao na etiologia da doenca. MATERIAL E METODOS: O DNA genomico extraido de 102 amostras de sangue (51 pacientes, 51 controles) foi usado para a caracterizacao molecular dos polimorfismos dos genes 5-HT2A e COMT, por meio de PCR-RFLP. RESULTADOS: A analise molecular dos polimorfismos do gene 5-HT2A demonstrou frequencias de 25,49% C/C, 49,02% T/C e 25,49% T/T, nos pacientes com fibromialgia, e 17,65% C/C, 62,74% T/C e 19,61% T/T, no grupo controle, nao apresentando diferenca significativa entre o grupo de pacientes e o grupo controle. Os polimorfismos do gene da COMT em pacientes com fibromialgia apresentaram uma frequencia de 17,65% e 45,10% para os genotipos H/H e L/H, respectivamente. No grupo controle, as frequencias foram de 29,42%, para H/H, e 60,78%, para L/H, sem diferenca significativa entre ambos os grupos. Entretanto, houve diferenca significativa na frequencia do genotipo L/L em pacientes (37,25%) e controles (9,8%), o que permitiu a diferenciacao entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSAO: A frequencia do genotipo L/L foi maior nos pacientes com fibromialgia. Apesar de a fibromialgia envolver uma situacao poligenica e fatores ambientais, o estudo molecular do SNP rs4680 do gene da COMT pode auxiliar a identificacao de individuos suscetiveis.

Implicações na saúde mental de cuidadores de idosos: uma necessidade urgente de apoio formal

Abstract: Actualmente, el acto de cuidar ancianos dependientes en el domicilio es una tarea cada vez mas frecuente para las familias que, en tal escenario, experimentan contextos de fragilidad fisica, financiera y social, ademas de implicancias en la salud mental del cuidador. La metodologia adoptada es de estudio exploratorio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo que, referido en la literatura, objetivo contribuir con contenidos teoricos para una mejor comprension de quien es cuidador de ancianos dependientes y de las implicancias que impactan al mismo. Como propuesta, el articulo resalta la importancia de promover politicas publicas intervencionistas de atencion al cuidador en diferentes niveles, brindandole mejoras en su bienestar, prevencion de conflictos y estres y seguridad en la practica de la atencion prestada

Polpa de açaí congelada: características nutricionais, físico-químicas, microscópicas e avaliação da rotulagem

Abstract: The nutritional, physical-chemical, microscopic characteristics and product description on package label of frozen acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart) pulp were assessed. Thirty samples of the whole acai pulp, acai type B and acai type C marketed in the municipality of Ribeirao Preto/SP were analyzed on physical-chemical parameters as moisture, total solids, ash, acidity, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, calories and fibers. The found contents were compared with the legislation and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p <0.05). Light filth presence was investigated following the methodology recommended by AOAC. The nutrients described on the product labels were evaluated based on the legislations in force. No statistically significant differences among the three types of acai pulp were found on all of the analyzed physical-chemical parameters. By microscopic analysis filth as insect fragments, mites, sand crystals and human hair were found in 50% of the samples, which indicated a failure in performing the Good Manufacturing Practices; and 3.33% of samples were found to be unsuitable for consumption due to the presence of rodent hair, extraneous material harmful to human health. Some label information on the products were at variance with the food labeling regulations.

Genetic diversity in natural populations of Jacaranda decurrens Cham. determined using RAPD and AFLP markers

Abstract: Jacaranda decurrens (Bignoniaceae) is an endemic species of the Cerrado with validated antitumoral activity. The genetic diversity of six populations of J. decurrens located in the State of Sao Paulo was determined in this study by using molecular markers for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Following optimization of the amplification reaction, 10 selected primers generated 78 reproducible RAPD fragments that were mostly (69.2%) polymorphic. Two hundred and five reproducible AFLP fragments were generated by using four selected primer combinations; 46.3% of these fragments were polymorphic, indicating a considerable level of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using these two groups of markers indicated that variability was strongly structured amongst populations. The unweighted pair group method with arithmatic mean (UPGMA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (RAPD -0.16, p = 0.2082; AFLP 0.37, p = 0.1006) between genetic matrices and geographic distances suggested that the population structure followed an island model in which a single population of infinite size gave rise to the current populations of J. decurrens, independently of their spatial position. The results of this study indicate that RAPD and AFLP markers were similarly efficient in measuring the genetic variability amongst natural populations of J. decurrens. These data may be useful for developing strategies for the preservation of this medicinal species in the Cerrado.

Estudo clínico para validação da eficácia de pomada contendo barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville)* na cicatrização de úlceras de decúbito

Abstract: O extrato aquoso de Stryphnodendron adstringens e tradicionalmente utilizado no Brasil como cicatrizante. Estudo clinico conduzido por seis meses teve por objetivo avaliar a eficacia de um medicamento na forma de pomada, contendo 3% de fitocomplexo fenolico de barbatimao na cicatrizacao de ulceras de decubito. Foram submetidos ao protocolo clinico 27 pacientes apresentando um total de 51 ulceras, classificadas de acordo com a area e grau de profundidade (I a III) da lesao. Em media a cicatrizacao das lesoes de grau I e II ocorreu num periodo de 3 a 6 semanas e as de grau III entre 10 e 18 semanas. Durante a realizacao do estudo 100% das lesoes tratadas com o medicamento cicatrizaram completamente

Reflexões sobre o processo de autoavaliação institucional: o olhar de uma comissão própria de avaliação

Abstract: Por meio de reflexoes sobre o desenvolvimento da autoavaliacao, no contexto do Sistema Nacional deAvaliacao da Educacao Superior (SINAES), o presente artigo descreve a experiencia de docentes que compoem a Comissao Propria de Avaliacao de uma Universidade privada do estado de Sao Paulo, desde as primeiras participacoes em processos avaliativos ate a elaboracao da metodologia, construcao dos instrumentos de coleta de dados e divulgacao dos relatorios. Embora nao sejam enfatizados os resultados da autoavaliacao, a descricao e a analise desse processo levam em consideracao o impacto da criacao dos indices de avaliacao das instituicoes de ensino superior.

Aspectos físico-químicos relacionados ao potencial erosivo de bebidas ácidas

Abstract: The understanding of the role of physico-chemical as- pects related to the erosive potential of acid beverages contributes to the establishment of strategies to minimize the formation and progression of dental erosion. Objecti- ve: this paper was intended to review the role of aspects related to the erosive potential of acid beverages, scru- tinizing how the type of acid, concentration, quelating properties, pH, titratoble acidity, content of calcium, phosphate and fluoride, presence of casein, temperature and adherence of beverages influence wear. Literature review: Performed through search in international (Me- dline) and national (BBO) databases and a book. Eviden- ces on the topic were sought in scientific research arti- cles and literature review papers. Final consideracoes: Based on the available evidence, it was concluded that: 1) the type and chelating properties of the acid, pH, titra- toble acidity, calcium and phosphate concentration, tem- perature and adherence of the beverages all modulate their erosive potential; 2) individually, the pH, titratoble acidity and calcium content are the parameters that bet- ter reveal the capacity of beverages of causing mineral dissolution of dental tissues; 3) for a more precise cha- racterization of the erosive potential of acid beverages it is demanding that the interaction among the different physicochemical factors is evaluated.

Atividade fitorreguladora de jasmonatos produzidos por Botryosphaeria rhodina

Abstract: O acido jasmonico e seus derivados jasmonatos sao reguladores vegetais endogenos produzidos por varias especies vegetais, que atuam no mecanismo de defesa das plantas e agem como sinalizadores de estresse O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o potencial fitorregulador de um fermentado, obtido pela fermentacao do fungo filamentoso Botryosphaeria rhodina, contendo jasmonatos, comparado a acao do acido jasmonico (AJ) usado como padrao Sementes selecionadas de Capsicum frutescens (pimenta malagueta) e Physalis angulata (camapu) foram plantadas em terra contendo fertilizantes orgânicos e minerais Plantas apos 37 dias de germinacao foram tratadas via pulverizacao foliar com duas diferentes concentracoes de AJ (25,0 e 50,0 mg L-1) e com fermentado contendo jasmonatos (correspondendo a 50 mg L-1 de AJ) e como controle foi utilizado agua Os experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetacao, em blocos casualizados, com tres repeticoes de cinco plantas por tratamentos, com os tratamentos dispostos em fatorial de 4x1 (1 controle; 2 doses de AJ e 1 dose do filtrado) A avaliacao das plantas foi realizada 80 dias apos a aplicacao de AJ e o fermentado Plantas controle de Capsicum produziram 6,4 frutos/planta enquanto que plantas tratadas com 25,0 e 50,0 mg L-1 de AJ produziram 7,2 frutos/planta e 9,2 frutos/planta, respectivamente e plantas tratadas com o fermentado produziram 11,7 frutos/planta Adicionalmente, plantas controle de Physalis produziram 10,5 botoes/planta e quando tratadas com 25,0 e 50,0 mg L-1 de AJ produziram 15,5 e 16,0 botoes/planta, respectivamente Plantas tratadas com o fermentado dobraram a producao de botoes/planta (23,0) quando comparados ao controle Resultados obtidos validam o potencial fitorregulador do AJ e do fermentado contendo jasmonatos, comprovado pelo aumento na producao de frutos e botoes florais pelas especies vegetais testadas, evidenciando assim o potencial de uso deste fermentado como alternativa de menor custo ao AJ obtido comercialmente

Concentration of β-ecydisone (20E) in susceptible and resistant accessions of Pfaffia glomerata infected with Meloidogyne incognita and histological characterisation of resistance

Abstract: Pfaffia glomerata is a medicinal plant widely distributed in Brazil, which is considered the world's greatest supplier of P. glomerata roots. Among active ingredients contained in this plant, the steroid β -ecydisone (20E) is the most important compound extracted from roots. This steroid presents therapeutic properties for the treatment of diabetes and haemorrhoids, besides having bioenergy, tonic and aphrodisiac effects. The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. is a major limiting factor in root production. Recent studies showed resistance of accessions of P. glomerata to Meloidogyne incognita . The aims of this work were: i ) to correlate the concentration of 20E with resistance and susceptibility of P. glomerata accessions to M. incognita in inoculated and non-inoculated plants; ii ) to study the effect of the parasitism of M. incognita on the concentration of the steroid 20E in the roots; and iii ) to clarify resistance mechanisms by comparing the response of a highly resistant UFV with a highly susceptible accession (Farm) to nematode infection. The concentration of 20E in the healthy susceptible Farm accession was significantly higher than in the healthy resistant UFV accession, showing that the resistance mechanism was not related to 20E concentrations. Plants of the Farm accession infected with M. incognita showed higher levels of 20E than the non-infected control. A positive and significant Pearson correlation coefficient was observed between 20E concentrations and gall indexes. Resistance of UFV to the root-knot nematode M. incognita was associated with unidentified factors that limited nematode penetration or emigration of second-stage juveniles and with post-penetration responses, including the hypersensitive response. Giant cells were sometimes found in the resistant cultivar, but displayed a highly vacuolated and degraded cytoplasm with thinner cell walls than those induced in the susceptible accession. Microscope observations under UV light showed a strong autofluorescence, suggesting that phenolic compounds may be involved in ginseng UFV resistance.

Influência de propagandas de alimentos nas escolhas alimentares de crianças e adolescentes

Abstract: Food advertised television can influence children and adolescences' food eating habits. This study aimed to examine food choices of exposed and non‑exposed children and adolescents to food advertisements on television. Both control (n = 30) and experimental (n = 30) groups were paired according to gender (50% females) and age (10.1 ± 1.4 years). Participants watched a 21‑minute cartoon interrupted by two commercial breaks that advertised eight different commercials. Control group watched toys commercials and experimental group watched food commercials. immediately after watching videotape, pictures of advertised food item were presented with pictures of: a similar product, a healthier product and some fruit. Anova showed a significant effect of categories (F (3, 216) = 126.6; p < 0.05). newman‑Keuls post hoc test demonstrated that advertised foods were more chosen than other products. Furthermore, the control group chose more similar products than experimental group. These data show the influence of food advertisements on children and adolescents' food choices.

Sistema de auxílio aos diagnósticos de enfermagem para vítimas de trauma no atendimento avançado pré-hospitalar móvel utilizando as Taxonomias NANDA e NIC

Abstract: Uma das metodologias habituais para elaboracao do Diagnostico de Enfermagem e a utilizacao de consulta manual a taxonomia NANDA ( North American Nursing Diagnosis Association ), quase sempre argumentada como morosa e de dificil aplicabilidade pratica. Contudo, para auxiliar no processo de diagnostico em enfermagem, principalmente em situacoes de emergencia e viavel a utilizacao de uma ferramenta computacional, que pode reduzir o periodo para sua efetivacao, permitindo ao enfermeiro disponibilizar mais tempo para o cuidado humanizado ao paciente vitima de trauma. O objetivo desse trabalho e desenvolver um sistema de auxilio a tomada de decisao sobre os diagnosticos de enfermagem em vitimas de trauma no atendimento avancado pre-hospitalar movel considerando a Taxonomia NANDA ( North American Nursing Diagnoses Association ), bem como propor a intervencao a ser realizada baseando-se na NIC ( Nursing Interventions Classification ). Para o desenvolvimento da aplicacao utilizou-se o sistema operacional Windows XP Professional , a linguagem de programacao PHP ( Hypertext Preprocessor ) e o servidor Web Apache HTTP Server. Todavia, os dados foram gerenciados pelo Sistema Gerenciador de Banco de Dados Oracle Enterprise Edition release 8.1 .7. Para validar o sistema realizou-se uma avaliacao qualitativa com usuarios. Os resultados apresentados indicam que as informacoes sao gerenciadas e armazenadas corretamente, bem como o tempo de retorno das informacoes e ideal, tanto para a consulta do diagnostico como para a consulta das intervencoes. Assim, e possivel concluir que o sistema implementado e viavel aos profissionais de enfermagem, contribuindo na otimizacao do tempo despendido para a elaboracao do diagnostico de enfermagem de clientes vitimas de trauma.

[Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thyroid, determination of ioduria and iodine concentration in kitchen salt used by schoolchildren in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil].

Abstract: OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Previous studies have pointed out that Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, is an area of borderline iodine deficiency, later becoming a region of excessive iodination In a reevaluation of the iodine status of the city in 2007-2008, 300 schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years were evaluated, from 3 schools of 3 different socioeconomic levels who were submitted to the determination of iodine concentration in urine samples and in kitchen salt and thyroid ultrasound RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among boys and girls ioduria was higher in the school of highest socioeconomic level compared to the others, with a significant difference in the ages 8 and 10 years for boys with ranges : p < 0,0001 and p = 0,0106, respectively; and in the ages 8 and 9 years for girls with ranges: p = 0,0024 and p = 0,0154, respectively Median iodine concentrations in samples of kitchen salt ranged from 266 to 278 mg iodine/kg and did not differ between the schools studied Ultrasound evaluation revealed that 15,6% of thyroids examined were hypoechoic, suggesting that these glands may present changes in the architecture not reflected yet in their volume

Business Intelligence utilizando tecnologias Web para análise de fatores de risco na ocorrência de doença arterial coronariana

Abstract: Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho e a implementacao de um ambiente computacional utilizando tecnologias Web para analisar dados de saude, atraves de ferramentas OLAP ( On-line Analytical Processing ), considerando os fatores de risco para a ocorrencia de doenca arterial coronariana. Metodos: A partir de uma base de dados relacional referente a pesquisa de pacientes com diagnosticos de cardiopatias foi elaborado um modelo multidimensional, gerado um cubo e demonstrado os resultados por meio de uma tabela dinâmica conectada a um servidor OLAP. As consultas foram disponibilizadas utilizando tecnologias Web . Resultados: Com os resultados obtidos atraves do cruzamento de informacoes e possivel a identificacao de individuos doentes ou com predisposicao para desenvolver a doenca arterial coronariana, e assim, aplicar programas preventivos. Conclusao: A implantacao de um Business Intelligence em uma Instituicao de saude, de qualquer porte, possibilita a busca e interpretacao de informacoes armazenadas para apoio as decisoes referentes a vida de um ser humano, nao somente de um negocio, como geralmente se pensa.

Associação entre as alterações de alimentação infantil e distúrbios de fala e linguagem

Abstract: PURPOSE: to check the connection between feeding disorders and speech language disorders in children. Thus, we tried to characterize the type of disorder in association with the child's speech and language performance, as well as the kind of interaction among mothers and their children. METHOD: the subjects in this research were 24 children (between one and eight year old) diagnosed with feeding disorders, and their mothers. Children were video-recorded while eating and were also evaluated in regard to their speech and language status. Mothers were interviewed about their attitude towards children concerning eating habits. RESULTS: out of the researched children, 46% manifested speech disturbs, 25% had speech and language disorders and 29% showed no changes. Therefore, 71% of those children proved to have some sort of alteration in phonological acquisition or production and/ or in language. CONCLUSIONS: it was possible to identify a close relation among feeding disorders and parafunctional habits, which makes easy for an articulation disorder to take place, mainly with a change in tongue-tip and teeth-ridge phonemes. As for the language, the children showed a language delay of around one year when compared to those of the same age group.

Composição de ácidos graxos do óleo do mesocarpo e da semente de cultivares de abacate (Persea americana, Mill.) da região de Ribeirão Preto, SP

Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e determinar os acidos graxos dos oleos do mesocarpo e da semente de abacates da regiao de Ribeirao Preto – SP. Para realizacao do trabalho foram utilizados frutos de abacateiros (Persea americana, Mill.) cultivares Fortuna, Ouro Verde e Princesa. O oleo foi obtido atraves de extracao com solvente a quente (Soxhlet) e apos a esterificacao, as amostras foram injetadas em cromatografo a gas. No oleo do mesocarpo o acido graxo que apresentou maior concentracao foi o acido oleico, com teores entre 31,77 e 50,30%, seguido pelo acido palmitico, com teores entre 20,73 e 32,54%. Os teores de acidos graxos do oleo do mesocarpo mostraram-se diferentes da semente e variaram entre os cultivares. No oleo do mesocarpo o acido graxo que apresentou maior concentracao foi o acido oleico, com teores entre 31,77 e 50,30%, seguido pelo acido palmitico, com teores entre 20,73 e 32,54%. No oleo da semente, o acido graxo que apresentou maior concentracao foi o acido oleico com teores entre 11,69 e 35,83%, seguido pelo acido linoleico cujos teores variaram entre 23,28 e 29,98%. No presente estudo pudemos concluir que ha uma variabilidade nas concentracoes de acidos graxos entre os diferentes cultivares e tambem entre a semente e o mesocarpo de cada cultivar

Behavioral and enzymatic bioassays with Serjania erecta Radlk., Sapindaceae, correlated with cognitive dysfunctions

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the crude extract of Serjania erecta Radlk., Sapindaceae, and its bioactive agents as preventive or inhibitor of memory loss in rodents, as well as other factors correlated with Alzheimer's syndrome: antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity, mainly as plant adaptogen - low toxicity and regulation action. The blocking cholinergic reversion activity (scopolamine) in the test of the passive avoidance was detected by measuring latency in young and adult animals. It presented low toxicity, with protective effect as shown by biochemical analysis (hypoglycemic/hypotriglyceridemic). Elevated levels (above 83%) of antioxidant activity were detected. AchE and BuChE inhibition were also detected in the chromatographic fractions, which were active both orally and directly on CNS (ICV).

Avaliação in vitro da eficácia de extratos de plantas medicinais do Cerrado frente Staphylococcus aureos isolado de difetentes fontes de propriedades leiteiras

Abstract: RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de atividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos extratos de algumas plantas endemicas do Cerrado tais como Baccharis dracunculifolia. Cochlospermum regium. Croton antisyphiliticus. Eugenia dysenterica e Lippia sidoides, frente ao agente Staphylococcus aureus isolado de leite mastitico, osteo do teto da vaca, equipamento de ordenhadeira, fossas nasais e garganta do ordenhador. Os extratos foram preparados a partir das partes aereas e sistema radicular das plantas utilizando os solventes metanol, hexano e cloroformio na concentracao de 10%. Para avaliacao da atividade antimicrobiana foi aplicada a tecnica de microdiluicao em caldo para determinacao da Concentracao Inibitoria Minima (CIM) seguida da determinacao da Concentracao Bactericida Minima (MBC). Os extratos de Baccharis dracunculifolia. Croton antisyphiliticus, seguido do extrato de Lippia sidoides, apresentaram, respectivamente, melhor atividade inibitoria sobre a multiplicacao da bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram, ainda, que as estirpes isoladas do leite e das fossas nasais do ordenhador foram resistentes a gentamicina, principio ativo muito utilizado no combate a mastite bovina, porem sensiveis aos extratos das plantas referidas, reforcando a importância das plantas medicinais como recurso terapeutico e sua aplicabilidade.

Influência de diferentes meios de cultura sobre o crescimento de Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen (Amaranthaceae) para conservação in vitro

Abstract: Pfaffia glomerata ocorre em varios estados do Brasil e paises limitrofes da regiao Sul as margens de rios e nas orlas das matas de galerias, e especie hidrofita e heliofita. As raizes de especies do genero Pfaffia sao usadas na medicina popular brasileira, especialmente como tonico, afrodisiaco e no controle do diabete. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um banco de germoplasma in vitro de Pfaffia glomerata. O experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado foi conduzido com seis tratamentos: 1) MS + 2% de sacarose + 4% de sorbitol; 2) MS/2 + 2% de sacarose + 4% de sorbitol; 3) MS + 2% de sacarose + 4% de sorbitol + 2 mg L-1 de pantotenato de calcio; 4) MS/2 + 2% de sacarose + 4% de sorbitol + 2 mg L-1de pantotenato de calcio; 5) MS + 2% de sacarose + 3% de manitol + 2 mg L-1de pantotenato de calcio; 6) MS/2 + 2% de sacarose + 3% de manitol + 2 mg L-1de pantotenato de calcio. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a analise de variância e ao teste de separacao de medias de Scott Knott. Os tratamentos um, tres e quatro apresentaram, significativamente, o maior numero de segmentos nodais por haste, quando comparados com os tratamentos dois, cinco e seis. O tratamento dois foi o mais indicado para a conservacao in vitro da especie por ter promovido menor crescimento das plantas (altura de 3,1±1,9 cm), alto indice de sobrevivencia, 100% de explantes com brotacao e o maior numero de brotos por explante, apos seis meses de cultivo. Todas as plântulas produziram raizes e nao houve formacao de calos, tambem nao ocorreu hiperhidricidade nos tratamentos avaliados. As plantas aclimatizadas apresentaram 100% de sobrevivencia no ambiente ex vitro. A manutencao de acessos de P. glomerata no banco de germoplasma in vitro e viavel tanto do ponto de vista da conservacao quanto economicamente.

Terceiro setor e interesses coletivos: as alternativas sociais na busca da cidadania

Abstract: The interests of the community are the basis, the key features of the Third Sector as an actor in the exercising of citizenship. The crisis of the Constitutional and Institutional State that is not effectively reaching its social function is the result of the impact caused by political and economic events over the centuries which attributed to the legitimized of the Civil Society intense social demands that previously were belonging to the State itself. The reflections in this article are concentrated on the performance of the Third Sector, its social function, the mechanisms of work and public policies used in the search of the paths to citizenship.

Factores de riesgo para enfermedad arterial coronaria en ancianos: análisis por enfermeras utilizando herramienta computacional

Abstract: Este trabalho objetivou analisar a ocorrencia dos fatores de risco para doenca arterial coronariana em populacao idosa participante de uma acao comunitaria utilizando ferramenta computacional por enfermeiros. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho utilizou-se uma base de dados coletada em um evento comunitario. As informacoes se referem a fatores de risco, dados antropometricos, afericao de valores de glicemia, colesterol e pressao arterial, ocorrencia de doenca cardiaca e outras. A estrutura multidimensional foi elaborada e gerenciada pela ferramenta Analysis Services. A populacao idosa correspondeu a 40,4% do total, um terco dessa populacao estava com valores alterados de pressao arterial sistemica, 53,8% apresentavam indice de massa corporal acima de 25 Kg/m2, 40,3% referiram hipertensao e 20,3%, diabetes mellitus. Conclui-se que o controle de fatores de risco para DAC em clientes idosos e essencial e que a tecnologia da informacao pode apoiar na tomada de decisoes estrategicas de promocao de saude.

TOXICIDADE AGUDA DOS HERBICIDAS DIURON E HEXAZINONA À Danio rerio

Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade de herbicida comercial aplicado extensivamente na cana-de-acucar, composto por diuron, hexazinona e ingredientes inertes, usando-se Danio rerio como organismo-teste. Os ensaios foram realizados em laboratorio e seguiram recomendacoes da ABNT (2004) e USEPA (2002). Os parâmetros de controle da agua foram pH, dureza total, condutividade, oxigenio dissolvido e temperatura, observando-se a atividade natatoria e a mortalidade dos organismos. A CL 50 do herbicida comercial para Danio rerio foi de 581,50 mg.L -1 . Em concentracoes a partir de 50 mg.L -1 do herbicida comercial foram observadas alteracoes comportamentais significativas, como hipoatividade relacionada ao movimento natatorio em mais de 50% dos organismos. Para avaliacao da toxicidade dos ingredientes inertes, responsaveis por 40% (m/m) da composicao do herbicida, foram testados os compostos hexazinona e diuron separadamente. Nas concentracoes estudadas, a hexazinona e o Diuron nao resultaram em mortalidade ou alteracao ao movimento natatorio. Concluiu-se que os ingredientes inertes da composicao do herbicida comercial foram os principais causadores da toxicidade aguda causada ao Danio rerio.

Fatores de risco para doença arterial coronariana em idosos: análise por enfermeiros utilizando ferramenta computacional

Abstract: Este trabalho objetivou analisar a ocorrencia dos fatores de risco para doenca arterial coronariana em populacao idosa participante de uma acao comunitaria utilizando ferramenta computacional por enfermeiros. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho utilizou-se uma base de dados coletada em um evento comunitario. As informacoes se referem a fatores de risco, dados antropometricos, afericao de valores de glicemia, colesterol e pressao arterial, ocorrencia de doenca cardiaca e outras. A estrutura multidimensional foi elaborada e gerenciada pela ferramenta Analysis Services. A populacao idosa correspondeu a 40,4% do total, um terco dessa populacao estava com valores alterados de pressao arterial sistemica, 53,8% apresentavam indice de massa corporal acima de 25 Kg/m2, 40,3% referiram hipertensao e 20,3%, diabetes mellitus. Conclui-se que o controle de fatores de risco para DAC em clientes idosos e essencial e que a tecnologia da informacao pode apoiar na tomada de decisoes estrategicas de promocao de saude.

Germinação de sementes in vitro e desenvolvimento de plantas ex vitro de algodãozinho-do-campo

Abstract: This study was designed to conduct experiments with germination and dormancy breaking in in vitro seeds of Cochlospermum regium in vitro and evaluate the development of plants ex vitro for this species. For the sterilization of seeds introduced in vitro, were used benlate, calcium hypochlorite and sulfuric acid. The break dormancy was realized with seeds immersed in sulfuric acid for different periods. To check the influence of seed size on germination, they were classified as large (A=34.08mm2), medium (A=27.74mm2) and small (A=17.99mm2). For the development of ex vitro plants were used sand substrate or Cerrado soil + manure. Efficient sterilization of seeds was achieved with the use of sulfuric acid. The immersion for 146 and 144 minutes, to break dormancy, showed higher germination rate and germination speed of 63% and 0,78 respectively - with no contamination. Larger seeds germinated faster (0.61) than smaller ones. Though ex vitro development of plants cultured in both substrates was similar, plantlets cultured in soil + manure were more vigorous.

PAssiVO AMBiENTAL E A ECOEFiCiÊNCiA

Abstract: Resumo O passivo ambiental pode fornecer informacoes sobre o valor dos esforcos das empresas em direcao a ecoeficiencia do negocio, porem a ciencia contabil necessita se estruturar para possibilitar esse tipo de informacao. Este artigo identifica a seguinte questao de pesquisa: como a ciencia contabil pode organizar os gastos ambientais para possibilitar a divulgacao de passivos ambientais relacionados com a ecoeficiencia do negocio? Com a finalidade de responder a esse questionamento, o objetivo deste artigo e comparar duas logicas que possam ser utilizadas para considerar um gasto como ambiental, e apontar a logica mais adequada para possibilitar a divulgacao de passivos ambientais relacionados a ecoeficiencia do negocio. Os resultados indicam uma logica capaz de informar a parte do passivo ambiental relacionada com a ecoeficiencia. Os gastos ambientais que contribuem para a sustentabilidade empresarial sao aqueles incorridos em acoes ecologicas atuantes sobre os residuos emitidos pela propria companhia durante o processamento de seus produtos e servicos.

Frozen açai pulp. Study on the nutritional and physical-chemical characteristics, and microscopic and product labelling analyses

Abstract: The nutritional, physical-chemical, microscopic characteristics and product description on package label of frozen acai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart) pulp were assessed. Thirty samples of the whole acai pulp, acai type B and acai type C marketed in the municipality of Ribeirao Preto/SP were analyzed on physical-chemical parameters as moisture, total solids, ash, acidity, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, calories and fibers. The found contents were compared with the legislation and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p <0.05). Light filth presence was investigated following the methodology recommended by AOAC. The nutrients described on the product labels were evaluated based on the legislations in force. No statistically significant differences among the three types of acai pulp were found on all of the analyzed physical-chemical parameters. By microscopic analysis filth as insect fragments, mites, sand crystals and human hair were found in 50% of the samples, which indicated a failure in performing the Good Manufacturing Practices; and 3.33% of samples were found to be unsuitable for consumption due to the presence of rodent hair, extraneous material harmful to human health. Some label information on the products were at variance with the food labeling regulations.