Showing papers by "University of Hartford published in 1980"

The fiber connections of the temporal lobe with emphasis on the rhesus monkey.

Abstract: The temporal lobe has three functionally distinct areas which have minimal interconnections within the lobe, but extensive connections with other parts of the brain. The superior temporal gyrus contains primary and association auditory areas. Inferotemporal cortex is exclusively a visual association area. The temporal pole is Involved in social behavior. In addition, the superior temporal sulcus functions as a sensory integration araa. From a review of the literature, a schema is proposed for organizing the reciprocal connections of the three functional areas into a series of loops which follow both cortical and subcortical routes. The afferent and efferent connections of the temporal lobe, phylogenesis, and deficits from lesions are discussed.

Reproductive processes in sponges: a critical evaluation of current data and views

Abstract: The nature of a number of fundamental processes occurring during reproduction in sponges still remains in doubt. Among the more significant of these are: the true status of sponges described as dioecious, namely whether some are actually successive hermaphrodites; the origin of oogonia, which have recently been claimed to be derived from choanocytes; the origin and mechanism of formation of large spermatogenic masses; the specific pathway leading to fertilization taken by sperm cells within the sponge tissue of viviparous species; the role played during larval metamorphosis by somatic cells which are incorporated into embryos; the cell lineage of choanocytes which form flagellated chambers during larval metamorphosis; the specific relationship of somatic growth and dormancy to gametogenesis; the role of budding and fragmentation in population maintenance; the role, if any, of gemmules in dispersion. It is considered mandatory that new techniques be developed in order to further elucidate these and other r...

Reason and Authority in Habermas: A Critique of the Critics

Abstract: Some critics of JUrgen Habermas have charged that his ideas have an affinity with authoritarianism. This criticism rests on a fundamental misinterpretation of Habermas' project for a communicative ethics. Political authoritarianism is deeply incompatible with his conceptions of practical rationality and normative legitimacy. After demonstrating this incompatibility, I propose an explanation for the persistence of misunderstanding on this question. In conclusion, some suggestions are offered as to the sort of political orientation one can justifiably derive from Habermas' philosophical foundations.

Foreigners and Municipal Reform in Istanbul: 1855–1865

Abstract: Ever since it had been recognized that the decay of the Ottoman Empire could not be arrested by traditional methods, foreigners and non-Muslims had played a significant part in the Empire's modernization. The Compte de Bonneval and Baron de Tott were only the most famous of a group of foreign advisers who were employed by the Ottoman government to help reform the military establishment during the eighteenth century. During the Tanzimat era, 1839–1876, when the Porte became irrevocably committed to modernization, foreigners and non-Muslims were employed in a multitude of capacities. They ranged from the Prussian Von Moltke who was to advise on the vital problem of reorganizing the army, to Giuseppe Donnizetti, brother of the composer, who was charged with the somewhat less important task of organizing a Western-style military band.

Changes in Attitudes towards Drug Educators as a Function of Communicator Sex and Role

Abstract: The current study assessed changes in attitudes towards drug educators following a session on drug abuse. Independent variables were role of communicator (ex-addict/specialist), sex of communicator, and sex of subject. A Semantic Differential Scale measuring evaluation, potency, activity, and understandability was completed by subjects before and after exposure. Significant interactions between role and sex of communicator indicated that: 1. male ex-addicts produced more positive changes in evaluation than female ex-addicts, while female specialists produced more positive changes in evaluation than male specialists; and 2. female specialists produced more positive changes in ratings of potency than male specialists. Results were discussed in terms of the sex-stereotyping and implications for drug abuse education.

A Comparison of Scalar and Root Harmonic Aural Perception Techniques.

Abstract: Seventy-two seventh- and eighth-grade general music students were taught to identify primary harmonic functions by using either a scalar or root harmonic aural perception technique Students who were taught the scalar technique attended to the seventh and eighth scale degrees, whereas students who were taught the root technique attended to the root movement of the bass line An aural identification test battery was used to measure the effectiveness of the two techniques Although there was no statistically significant difference between the scalar and root techniques on the root position subtest the scalar technique yielded statistically significant higher mean scores on the root/inversion subtest Thus, the scalar technique appears to be a more effective procedure in teaching general music students to identify primary harmonic functions

Newsworthy accusations and the privilege of neutral reportage

Abstract: In an effort to establish a workable standard of liability in libel suits, the judiciary may be well on its way to endorsing the tenets of objective reporting. As articulated by the Court of Appeals in Edwards v. National Audubon Society, the First Amendment protects the “accurate and disinterested” reporting of “newsworthy accusations”; in their role as impartial and uncritical reporters, journalists enjoy a privilege of neutral reportage. Unhappily, the courts’ support for such a privilege is likely to inhibit social inquiry and discourage journalists in their search for truth; for in practice, a privilege of neutral reportage encourages journalists to report facts truthfully without regard for the truth about the facts. Further, a privilege of neutral reportage reinforces prominence as a news value; consequently, it promotes an ideology which runs counter to the important democratic assumption that statements made by ordinary citizens are as valuable as statements made by the prominent and the elite. I...

The Application of a Theory of Contraculture to Intercultural Communication: Searching for Isomorphic Processes

Abstract: This paper addresses itself to one of the major problems plaging the field of intercultural communication—the lack of overarching theoretical perspectives. The paper argues that there is a need for...

Personality traits as manifested in game behavior

Abstract: Varenhorst ( 3 ) theorized that problems in a game are dramatic representations of life problems and that players behave in a game as they would in a non-game siruation. Ravich ( 2 ) recognized games as projective as their use aided in gaining information on particular personality traits such as intelligence, masculinity, and femininity. If a game is projective, personality traits exhibited in a game situation should correlate with, behavior exhibited outside a game simation. Monopoly (Parker Brothers, 1935) might easily allow detection of many personality traits since the player is brought into a familiar situation of rents, mortgages, and finances where characteristics of normal life may surface. In this smdy, the personality traits of risk taking, bargaining, and aggressiveness were examined in Monopoly and in a non-game personzlity test. Eleven females and nine males, aged from 17 to 72 gr., were selected from a population who had previously plzyed Monopoly. Factors A and E of the Sixteen Personality Factors Test assessed bargaining and aggressiveness in a life situation. Risk Taking in Choice of Routes (1) was modified to test risk raking in a life sicuacion, by using four line-drawn paths with two routes, one route was long and wide, the other was short and narrow. Subjects were instructed to draw a line from a place marked "start" to a place marked " e n d on each path wit5ouc touching the lines that marked the width of the paths. They had the option of choosing which route to take on each path. The number of short routes taken determined the risk for each subject. Fifteen questions describing simations in Monopoly were written by the author to measure risk taking, bargaining, and aggressiveness in the game of .Monopoly. Each subject answered each question on a 10-point scale ranging from definitely yes (10) to definitely no. Spearman's rank order correlation for risk taking was .87 ( p < .01); for bargaining, rho = .85 (# < .01) and for aggressiveness rho = .92 ( p < .01). A significant positive correlation between the answers to the Monopoly questions and nongame responses was shown for all three variables. The strong correlations might reflect the marked similariry between simations in Monopoly and those in life but not hold for other games. Perhaps if further correlations are found for additional personality traits in various types of game siruations, games might be useful as projective tools as Ravich ( 2 ) suggested.