Showing papers by "University of Mannheim published in 1977"
TL;DR: In this paper, the cognitive representation of salient political personalities was studied in a British and a German student sample, using a multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) procedure, and the results indicated significant cross-cultural differences in the cognitive representations of political leaders.
Abstract: The cognitive representation of salient political personalities was studied in a British and a German student sample, using a multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) procedure. Separate MDS analyses for the two samples yielded a readily interpetable three dimensional stimulus space in each case. These cognitive spaces for political figures were interpreted as reflecting the attributes of political potency, evaluation and intelligence in the case of the British sample, and evaluation, conservatism and political potency in the case of the German sample. An additional joint analysis of data from both subject groups indicated significant cross-cultural differences in the cognitive representations of political leaders. The results were discussed in terms of the socio-cultural differences between the two subsamples, and the utility of a multi-dimensional approach to political perception and behaviour.
RESUME
Une procedure de graduation multidimensionnelle (multi-dimensional scaling, MDS) a ete appliquee a l'etude de la representation cognitive de personnalites politiques celebres, chez des etudiants anglais et allemands. Dans chacun des deux echantillons, les analyses MDS font apparaitre trois dimensions dans l'espace des representations; ces dimensions refletent, chez les Anglais, les caracteristiques de puissance politique, evaluation et intelligence et, chez les Allemands, d'evaluation, conservatisme et puissance politique. L'analyse combinee portant sur les deux groupes revele des differences interculturelles significatives. La discussion fait mention de differences socioculturelles entre echantillons et souligne l'utilite de l'approche multidimensionnelle en ce domaine
45 citations
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a closedness criterion for the image of a convex closed locally compact set under convex multivalued mapping is proved, and applications are given to the solvability of linear systems over cones, the existence of generalized spline functions, and the duality theory of abstract mathematical programming.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, rational best approximations to functions real-valued and continuous on closed unbounded intervals of the extended real numbers are considered, where the error of the best approximation is characterized by an alternant whose length may be different from the well-known number for a bounded interval.
Abstract: We consider rational best approximations to functions real-valued and continuous on closed unbounded intervals of the extended real numbers. The error of the best approximation is characterized by an alternant, whose length may be different from the well-known number for a bounded interval. Besides some exceptional cases the best approximation is unique.
14 citations
9 citations
TL;DR: The theoretical perspective behind detente is elaborated in this article, where it is argued that detente neither affects the security dilemma nor territorial problems nor ideological dissens enough to overcome still irreconcilable conflicts of interest.
Abstract: The theoretical perspective behind detente is elaborated. While avoidance of war is the major goal, cooperation, tension-reduction and improvement of domestic societies are the major means. Cooperation includes trade, legal commitments, functional cooperation within IGOs and routine diplomacy. Tension reduction includes less verbal conflict, less defense expenditures, a slower arms race and possibly multipolarization. Improvement of domestic socieities refers to stability, egalitarianism and democracy within nations. All those detente-related propositions about means-ends-relationships are scrutinized from a quantitative international politics perspective. In general, propositions receive little or no support. A tentative explanation why is suggested by reference to an alternative theoretical framework. It is argued that detente neither affects the security dilemma nor territorial problems nor ideological dissens enough to overcome still irreconcilable conflicts of interest. As long as there are such conflicts of interest, meaningful victory has to be ruled out by deterrence in order to avoid war. While deterrence may help us to survive in the short run, it guarantees doom in the long run. So, there is some true insight behind the drive for detente. Nevertheless detente may prove counterproductive, because it might promote multipolarization and finally nuclear proliferation. While we badly need something better and safer than deterrence, detente doesn't seem to be the solution to our problems of survival.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a macroeconometric model of the German labor market is developed and estimated, which consists of equations explaining labor supply and demand for men and women, measured in persons and hours.
Abstract: This paper deals with some problems of international factor mobility with respect to labor using the case of the German labor market. A quarterly macroeconometric model of the German labor market is developed and estimated. It consists of equations explaining labor supply and demand for men and women. Most equations distinguish between labor measured in persons and hours. After a determination of the variables of this model which are influenced by foreign employment two groups of foreign workers which differ according to their EC-member status are discussed separately. Because of several legal and institutional regulations a different treatment of each group with respect to employment policy is necessary. For foreigners from outside the EC alternative reaction functions of the government are discussed and estimated. As the officially published unemployment rate is not comparable intertemporally because of foreign involuntary remigration during recession a new unemployment series including these persons is constructed and explained. The influence of foreign employment on wages is examined and two wage equations are estimated. Finally, some simulation results of an enforced remigration policy are reported.
6 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Tschebyscheff-approximationsaufgabe bzgl. einer Klasse von Exponentialsummen is defined, in which die Existenz, die vollstandige Charakterisierung und die Eindeutigkeit der Losung unter einer Bedingung gesichert ist, die bei einer sinnvollen Mesreihe stets erfullt.
5 citations
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: The results, in this case the attributes, are not only determined by the goals of the decision maker, but are also influenced by many situational and personal factors more or less outside the control ofThe decision analyst.
Abstract: As we have already learned from the contributions of several participants of this conference (e. g., Bauer & Wegener’s comments on Humphreys’ paper), one of the main problems in the application of multi-attribute utility (MAU) theory to real world decision problems seems to be the attributes per se. Actually, this is not a problem inherent in the theory per se, since MAU theory, or at least the model testing part of it, might be applied to any attributes. The usefulness of the results of MAU analysis will, however, depend to a great extent on the attributes used and their relation to one’s objectives. Now usually these attributes have to be searched for, identified formulated, and operationalized before we can start to evaluate anything. This importance of this structuring phase or goal analysis is stressed, for example, by the number of pages devoted to this problem in such basic texts as Raiffa (1969) or Miller III (1970). These attribute formulation procedures have many of the influences of a creative process and as such are subject to some random influences. The results, in our case the attributes, are not only determined by the goals of the decision maker, but are also influenced by many situational and personal factors more or less outside the control of the decision analyst.
5 citations
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In the subjectivist interpretation of probability, probability refers to the degree of belief or confidence an individual associates with a proposition as discussed by the authors, and it is not supposed that there is a correct or true probability.
Abstract: In the subjectivist’s interpretation of probability, probability refers to the degree of belief or confidence an individual associates with a proposition. It is not supposed that there is a correct or true probability. The theory of subjective probability assumes only that the individual holds a consistent body of beliefs concerning some propositions. The individual is supposed to choose an expression of his uncertainty that is in agreement with his feelings on the issue in question.
TL;DR: In this paper, a positive solution is given to the Hahn-Banach problem for an important class of convergence vector spaces, and a topological vector space characterization is obtained for fully complete and Br-complete spaces.
Abstract: In this note, a positive solution is given to the Hahn-Banach problem for an important class of convergence vector spaces. As well, a topological vector space characterization is obtained for fully complete and Br-complete spaces.
TL;DR: Three different approaches are considered for solving numerically the stability problem, i.e. calculating the characteristic polynomial and applying the Routh scheme, direct solution of the Liapunov equation and transforming A to the so-called Schwarz form.
Abstract: Drei verschiedene Methoden zur numerischen Losung des Stabilitatsproblems, d. h. der Frage, ob die Eigenwerte einer reellen oder komplexen Matrix A in der linken Halbebene liegen, werden verglichen:
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the continuity of the dependence of best rational approximations to functions real-valued and continuous on unbounded intervals and gave sufficient conditions for continuity.
Abstract: In this paper, we study the continuity of the dependence of best rational. approximations to functions real-valued and continuous on unbounded intervals. We give sufficient conditions for continuity which seem to be also necessary.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: This paper is a useful summary of a body of work done in empirically evaluating probability assessments and statements concerning confidence and several specific comments are made.
Abstract: I like the general orientation of the paper. It is a useful summary of a body of work done in empirically evaluating probability assessments and statements concerning confidence. I would like, however, to make several specific comments.
TL;DR: In this article, a natural analogue for the operator space L (C c ( X ), C c( X )) is considered, namely, is the vector space generated by the composition operators associated to the continuous mappings in C ( X, X ) dense in L c ( C c (X ), Cc ( X ))? This question is answered in the negative by a counterexample.
Abstract: It is known that, for an arbitrary convergence space X , the vector space generated by X is dense in L c C c ( X ) where both C(X) and its dual space carry the continuous convergence structure. In this note, a natural analogue formulated for the operator space L ( C c ( X ), C c ( X )) is considered, namely: is the vector space generated by the composition operators associated to the continuous mappings in C ( X , X ) dense in L c ( C c ( X ), C c ( X )) ? This question is answered in the negative by a counterexample.