Showing papers by "University of São Paulo published in 1969"
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that instructed behavior is less sensitive to contingencies than shaped behavior, and as those contingencies become stronger (through a more efficient stimulus control or through establishing operations) they overcome rule control.
Abstract: In this brief didactic revision a few questions concerned to rule-governed behavior are discussed. It is shown that instructed behavior is less sensitive to contingencies than shaped behavior. However, contingency controlled behavior may become rule governed (self-rules). Complex motor behavior as well as those which depend upon subtle response differentiation are more easily taught by instructions but, once established, they may occur without those rules; and they may become completely under contingency control. That means that rules are useful to complement contingencies which are weak, remote, or too complex, as well as in situations of competition between opposing contingencies. However, as those contingencies become stronger (through a more efficient stimulus control or through establishing operations) they overcome rule control.
67 citations
TL;DR: OCCURRENCE of an extensive outcrop of glacial abraded Pre-Cambrian quartzites directly overlain by Late Pre-Carambrian diamictite is evidence for a late Pre-CARambrian glacial age in South America.
Abstract: OCCURRENCE of an extensive outcrop of glacial abraded Pre-Cambrian quartzites directly overlain by Late Pre-Cambrian diamictite is evidence for a Late Pre-Cambrian glacial age in South America.
58 citations
TL;DR: A cytostome is described, which opens into the flagellar pocket or close to it and runs deeply into the cell and in culture forms of T. conorhini and in intracellular stages of Trypanosoma cruzi.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS. A cytostome is described in culture forms and in intracellular stages of Trypanosoma cruzi and in culture forms of T. conorhini. The organelle opens into the flagellar pocket or close to it and runs deeply into the cell.
55 citations
55 citations
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis from the standpoints of Skinner's radical behaviorism about the variables involved in the psychiatric problems denominated as anxiety disorder, and suggest that other functional relationships than avoidance can be detected, as focus of the intervention.
Abstract: This work aims to present an analysis from the standpoints of Skinner's radical behaviorism about the variables involved in the psychiatric problems denominated as anxiety disorder. At first, anxiety is defined as a clinical phenomenon and as a theoretical construct. The behavioral literature emphasizes avoidance and elimination responses, and the selection of standardized therapeutic procedures due to that emphasis. They are then discussed considering the current non-observance of other environmental relevant variables. The article suggests that other functional relationships than avoidance can be detected, as focus of the intervention. Respondent and operant relationships that compose the client's behavior repertoire that is diagnosed as anxiety disorder are analyzed, including the interaction among operant and respondent contingencies, aversive control, stimuli control, superior order response classes and establishing operations such as privation and aversive stimulation. At last, a model that integrates the relationships involved in the clinical patterns in focus is presented and possible therapeutic strategies are suggested.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a list of the wichtigsten Anderungen gegenuber Illies’ Revision der sudamerikanischen Gripopterygiden betreffen die Gattungen Paragripopteryx and Jewettoperla.
Abstract: Zusammenfassung Auf Seite(n) 18–19 befindet sich eine Liste der vom Verfasser als gultig angesehenen, von Brasilien bekannten Gripopterygiden. Die wichtigsten Anderungen gegenuber Illies’ Revision der sudamerikanischen Gripopterygiden betreffen die Gattungen Paragripopteryx und Jewettoperla. Es zeigt sich, das P. klapaleki weder artlich noch gattungsmasig zu P. gracilis (Burm.) Ill., 1963, gehort. Tatsachlich ist Jewettoperla ein Synonym von Paragripopteryx, und fur gracilis wird der Gattungsname Tupiperla eingefuhrt. Von der Biologischen Station in Paranapiacaba werden 4 Arten behandelt, 2 schon bekannte, P. klapaleki Enderl. und T. gracilis (Burm.) und zwei neue P. anga sp. n. und P. blanda sp. n. Die Beschreibungen grunden sich auf Erwachsene und Nymphen. Die Eier von P. klapaleki und P. anga sind abgeflacht und von einer dicken, von Follikelzellen gebildeten Hulle umschlossen; die von T. gracilis, die aus dem Abdomen eines in Alkohol aufbewahrten ? entnommen wurden, haben ein nacktes Chorion. Die Nymp...
43 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1969TL;DR: O exemplar da BBM foi digitalizado em 2010 as mentioned in this paper, a livro com tiragem de 2200 exemp. + 200 exem. numerados.
Abstract: O exemplar da BBM foi digitalizado em 2010. Trata-se de um livro com tiragem de 2200 exemp. + 200 exem. numerados; exemp. 82
42 citations
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe effects of a group intervention based on multiple evaluations and instruments that attempted to improve parental social competence and prevent behavior problems. But the results showed that the frequency of HSE-P and social skills improved whereas behavior problems decreased.
Abstract: Given the importance of intervening in children’s and adolescents’ behavior problems, several intervention programs with parents were developed. This study aim to describe effects of a group intervention based on multiple evaluations and instruments that attempted to improve parental social competence and prevent behavior problems. Twelve mothers/fathers of children and adolescents and two mothers with adult children participated in the parenting program. Data collection for pre and pos-intervention evaluations and follow up investigated parental social educational skills (HSE-P), general social skills and behavior problems. During group sessions various themes about HSE-P were discussed, such as expressing positive feelings, having conversation, negotiating, establishing rules, and others. Results showed that the frequency of HSE-P and social skills improved whereas behavior problems decreased. Limitations and contributions of this research are presented.
40 citations
38 citations
TL;DR: A three-dimensional model is proposed for the unique central cylinder of the 9 + 1 flagellum, which consists of three distinct zones: a dense axial zone, surrounded by an intermediate one and a cortical sheath.
36 citations
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the sinusoidal pole of hepatic cells was altered mainly by depletion of microvilli and/or distortion and swelling of the endothelial cells, which caused a deficient exchange between the liver cells and the blood stream.
Abstract: Liver biopsy, in one patient withP. falciparum and in five patients withP. vivax malaria revealed non-specific hepatocellular damage chracterized by pathologic changes of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Also the sinusoidal pole of hepatic cells was altered mainly by depletion of microvilli and/or distortion and swelling of the endothelial cells. Von Kupffer cells were hyperplastic and hypertrophic and exhibited considerable phagocytic activity for both parasitized and non-parasitized erythrocytes. It is believed that the altered sinusoidal pole causes a deficient exchange between the hepatic cells and the blood stream.
TL;DR: Caenis cuniana n.
Abstract: Caenis cuniana n. sp. is described. Females, soon after the imaginai moult, are ready for oviposition. The number of eggs laid varied usually between 100 and 300. The time required for hatching var...
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: A comparacao das denticoes de mangonas de varias regioes, baseada nos dados existentes na literatura especializada, resultou na conclusao de that nao se justifica a separacao de uma forma distinta do Odontaspis taurus no SW Atlântico.
Abstract: Variation in the tooth distribution pattern and number of teeth is described from 528 jaws of the mangona or sand shark, Odontaspis taurus, from the vicinity of Cananeia, Brazil. On the basis of dental characteristics, this series gives no support to the recognition of more than one species of the shallow-water inhabiting sharks known variously over the world as sand sharks, mangonas, sardas, squalos toros, or grey nurse sharks. Counts of the teeth of 12 females and the two embryos contained in each of them show a considerable variation within each family group.
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: In this article, a therapist uses autoclitics to promote a good therapeutic relationship, adherence to treatment and to teach the client to describe his behavior and its controlling variables, using metaphors, fantasies and allegories.
Abstract: Concepts of multiple causation, autoclitics and edition help behavior analytic therapists to conduct functional evaluations and to intervene. In evaluating the therapist takes into account that verbalization of clients have multiple determination and pays attention to subtleties of autoclitics and editions. He uses autoclitics to promote a good therapeutic relationship, adherence to treatment and to teach the client to describe his behavior and its controlling variables. Metaphors, fantasies and allegories are possible interventions based on multiple causation notion. Therapists can provide supplementary stimulation to strengthen existing but weak responses. The logic of clinical work being different from experimental analysis of behavior and that different contingencies analysis may be appropriate are discussed.
TL;DR: The Valsalva maneuver was performed by a series of eight patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease who had no current evidence nor past history of heart failure to suggest that reflex activity of arteriolar tone was present, and slowing of the heart rate was not found in association with the blood pressure overshoot in half of the patients.
Abstract: The Valsalva maneuver was performed by a series of eight patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease who had no current evidence nor past history of heart failure. The fact that all the patients showed recovery of arterial pressure during the latter portion of the period of increased airway pressure and exhibited significant overshoot in pressure in the post-straining period of the Valsalva maneuver strongly suggests that reflex activity of arteriolar tone was present. However, slowing of the heart rate was not found in association with the blood pressure overshoot in half of the patients. This abnormal response was observed only in patients in whom atropine sulfate failed to cause an increase in heart rate. These results are interpreted as a further indication of degeneration of autonomic nervous system controlling heart rate in chronic Chagas' heart disease.
TL;DR: A Brazilian dentist develops, trys out, and presents a simplified index of dental caries-experience.
Abstract: A Brazilian dentist develops, trys out, and presents a simplified index of dental caries-experience.
21 Dec 1969
TL;DR: Notou-se no mes of marco intensa lise dos oocitos that se pode perceber precocemente pela vacuolizacao da periferia do citoplasma mais acentuados no aoutona e na primavera, e menos no verao e no inverno.
Abstract: Estudou-se a histofisiologia dos orgaos da reproducao do mexilhao, Mytilus perna, comparando-se o ciclo sexual com o de outras Mytilidae, M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis e M. californianus. Investigou-se tambem a relacao entre o ciclo sexual e o tecido conjuntivo que se desenvolve dentro e entre os foliculos apos a emissao dos gametas e que contem importantes reservas de glicogenio e de lipideos. O ciclo sexual de M. perna e praticamente continuo, havendo periodos de reproducao mais acentuados no aoutona e na primavera, e menos no verao e no inverno. Notou-se no mes de marco intensa lise dos oocitos que se pode perceber precocemente pela vacuolizacao da periferia do citoplasma.
TL;DR: Data related to cysticercus biology, to histopathology of the disease, to biologic aspects evidenced through laboratory investigations and radiology, and the importance of studies on immunoproteins are discussed and evaluated.
Abstract: Present concepts on the immunobiology of cysticercosis are reviwed considering the experience on cysticercosis of the central nervous system. For this puspose data related to cysticercus biology, to histopathology of the disease, to biologic aspects evidenced through laboratory investigations and radiology are discussed and evaluated. The lack of experimental studies is stressed and the importance of studies on immunoproteins are pointed out. Informations resulting from these studies might explain many of the doubts that are patent when the concepts on the pathogeny of the disease are considered.
23 May 1969
TL;DR: The genus Rhynchosciara is divided into 3 groups: a) the americana group, in which are included americana (Wiedemann), baschanti Breuer, villosa Rubsaamen, argentiniensis Lengersdorf and guimaraesi, sp.
Abstract: The genus Rhynchosciara is divided into 3 groups: a) the americana group, in which are included americana (Wiedemann), baschanti Breuer, villosa Rubsaamen, argentiniensis Lengersdorf and guimaraesi, sp. n.; b) the milleri group, containing milleri Pavan & Breuer, and grelleti sp. n.; c) the mathildae group, with brevicornis Rubsaamen, busaccai, sp. n., and mathildae, sp. n.. Four species of Walker (cognata, precipua, primogenita and propinqua) are considered species inquirendae.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The chromosome complements of the seven species studied are as follows:Phyllostomus hastatus has 13 pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and one pair of acrocentric autosomes, all distinguishable from each other.
Abstract: SUMMARYThe chromosome complements of the seven species studied are as follows:Phyllostomus hastatus (2 n=32) has 13 pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and one pair of acrocentric autosomes. The X is a submetacentric and the Y is minute. Phyllostomus discolor (2 n = 32) has all its autosomes metacentric or submetacentric. The X is submetacentric. Chrotopterus auritus (2 n = 28) has all its autosomes metacentric or submetacentric. The X is a me dium submetacentric and the Y is minute. Carolila perspicillata (2 n = 20, 21) has 9 pairs of metacentric or submetacentric autosomes, all distinguishable from each other. The X is submetacentric, the Y1 is a medium acrocentric and the Y2 is a small acrocentric. Artibeus lituratus (2 n = 30, 31) has all its autosomes metacentric or submetacentric. The X is a submetacentric, the Y1 is a acrocentric and the Y2 is a small acrocentric. Desmodus rotundus (2n=28) has all its autosomes metacentric or submetacentric. The X is a submetacentric and the Y is minute. Noctili...
31 Dec 1969
31 Dec 1969
31 Dec 1969
TL;DR: The data illustrate the general pattern of body mass acquisition in rats, in the presence and absence of water or food restriction, along a period corresponding to a typical behavioral experiment, and can be useful as experimental parameters in future experiments.
Abstract: Water or food restriction is among the most frequently used motivational operations in studies of basic processes of operant learning in laboratory animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate systematically the body weight development of rats submitted to controlled water or food restriction for about 7 months, as compared to animals under an ad Lib regimen. Brief occasional interruptions of the restriction schedule were carried out. Subjects were 29 Wistar rats bred at the Experimental Psychology Department Animal House. They were weighed daily from Day 5 to Day 217 after birth. In the first experimental phase, all animals had ad Lib access to water and food for 106 days. In the second phase, from Day 107 to Day 217, subjects were divided in three groups. Animals in the Ad Lib group (n = 10) had permanent access to both water and food; animals in the Water Restriction group (n = 10) had daily access to 23 ml water and free access to food, whereas subjects in the Food Restriction group (n=9) were allowed daily access to 17 g of food and free access to water. During this phase, there were two interruptions in the restriction regimen, lasting 15 and 5 days. Results showed a positive though slow acceleration of body mass during the first month after birth, followed by a relatively more rapid increase tending to asymptotic values. After the restriction schedules started on Day 107 body weight declined gradually. Interruptions in the restriction procedure resulted in increased body weight, which was more pronounced after the second interruption. In addition, after each interruption, a greater resistance to body weight loss was observed. The data illustrate the general pattern of body mass acquisition in rats, in the presence and absence of water or food restriction, along a period corresponding to a typical behavioral experiment. They can thus be useful as experimental parameters in future experiments.