Showing papers by "University of South Africa published in 1984"

The comparison of interdependent correlations between optimal linear composites

Abstract: A general procedure is provided for comparing correlation coefficients between optimal linear composites. The procedure allows computationally efficient significance tests on independent or dependent multiple correlations, partial correlations, and canonical correlations, with or without the assumption of multivariate normality. Evidence from some Monte Carlo studies on the effectiveness of the methods is also provided.

The changing nature of isihlonipho sabafazi

Abstract: (1984). The changing nature of isihlonipho sabafazi. African Studies: Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 137-146.

The soils of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park

Abstract: Field observations made during a reconnaissance soil survey of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park showed that a variety of soils occur within the broad group of so-called Kalahari sands. For discussion purposes, the soils were classified into five main groups of which the red and yellow sands took precedence over the other soils because of their geographical distribution and pedological significance. The soils are discussed with special reference to their classification, site and parent material, their morphological, chemical and mineralogical properties and drainage characteristics. Attention was also given to the relationship between the soils and landforms, and a brief note on the inherent fertility status of the soils has been included.

X-ray and Raman studies of single crystals of CsSbF6

Abstract: Crystals of CsSbF6 belong to the rhombohedral space groupR¯3-C 3i 2 witha=7.904(1)andc=8.261(1) A,V=446.95 A3,Z=3,Dc=4.11 gcm−3. The antimony atom is surrounded by six fluorine atoms in a nearly perfect octahedral configuration with Sb-F 1.875(9) A, while 12 fluorine atoms surround the cesium atom with closest contact 3.116 A. Polarized Raman spectra of single crystals of CsSbF6 have been obtained, and it is shown that these results can be interpreted in terms of a unimolecular rhombohedral structure. The small distortion from an octahedral arrangement for the SbF 6 − group is clearly reflected in the spectra. The Raman results are in better agreement with the space groupR¯3m-D 3d 5 than withR¯3-C 3i 2 , but this conclusion must be regarded with caution since the two features in the vibrational spectra of CsSbF6 which can be used to distinguish between the two structures are weak and ill-defined.

An infrared, Raman, and single-crystal x-ray study of cesium hexafluorophosphate

Abstract: CsPF6:M,=277.87, cubic,Fm3m-O h 5, witha 8.228(5) A,V 557(1) A3,Z=4,D x =3.31 Mg m−3, λX(MoKα)=0.7107 A,μ(MoKα)=6.85 mm−1 F(000)=496,R=0.0327 for 114 reflections. The PF6 ion exhibits orientational disorder; infrared and Raman spectra show that its point symmetry is lower thanm3m-O h , in agreement with the equilibrium atomic positions found in the X-ray study. The rule of mutual exclusion is not obeyed in the spectra of CsPF6; this can be explained if the disorder also involves a small shift of the P atom away fromm3m-O h site symmetry. Such an effect could not be modelled in the X-ray study. The deviation from octahedral symmetry of PF6 is small and, from a consideration of the vibrational spectra of the MPF6 series, it is concluded that both the reorientational and other motions such as librational and torsional oscillations contribute toward the breadth of some vibrational modes.

Word categories in Southern Bantu

Abstract: INTRODUCTION No longer need one study a Bantu language like a cryptogram. The existence of language universals is common knowledge today. Most languages have nouns and verbs, but how they are used depends on their typology. Morphology is accepted again as a distinctive level in linguistics, cf. Halle (1973). He relates it to the lexicon, one of the components of the rule system of grammar according to Chomsky (1982: 4). As any Bantu linguist knows, the occurrence of a single free morpheme as a word is not so common in these languages as in English. A word category is usually a concatenation of morphemes. Chomsky has lately broadened the base of his theory and has brought it closer to the more general principles of grammar as practised by linguists in the past. In his latest work (1982:15) he queries the possibility that phrase markers may be represented by tree structures. This is made clear by what is said by him earlier (op. cit.:9) that in a VP there is only a head and that all other specifications are redundant: this is true for any other type of phrase. For the Bantu language this is a most important statement where so many single phrases are sentences consisting only of a verb, or rather a word belonging to the predicative category. Chomsky (1981:5) has accepted an abstract CASE system for the noun. His abstract CASE theory is developed within the framework of a government theory. CASE and 0 theory are closely related. 9 theory has to do with the thematic relationship assigned to nouns, e.g., agents of action. This does not imply that all thematic relations can be subsumed under CASE. Louw (1972) expressed doubts about this when he dealt with relational semantic features which are basically the same as the thematic relations of Chomsky. Chomsky (1982) gives a full exposition of his componential principles of grammar, but we shall make use of it only now and then, because it is still more of a linguistic hypothesis than a set of well-tested linguistic principles.

Self-Attribution Theory and the Sun-Sign

Abstract: Summary Mayo, White, and Eysenck found that S s born under the odd-numbered sun-signs had higher mean extraversion scores than others and that S s born under the water signs had higher mean neuroticism scores than others. Pawlik and Buse reasoned that these findings might be attributable to the S s' knowledge of the alleged characteristics of people born under their signs (self-attribution theory). In order to investigate the Pawlik and Buse argument with S s who were assumed to be naive with regard to astrological knowledge, the EPI was administered to 245 student nurses. Neither of the two findings of Mayo et al. was substantiated, but a significant seasonal effect was found post hoc: summer-born S s obtained a higher mean extraversion score than winter-born S s.

Pedogeomorphic aspects of the Roodepoort area, Transvaal: Soil depth-slope relationships

Abstract: Fifty hillslope profiles with associated soils in the Roodepoort area, Transvaal, were examined to determine the relationships between soil depth and hillslope characteristics. A meso-scale approach was adopted which implied the relationship between three soil depth phases and the hillslope units on a scale of 1:10 000. Although anomalies occur, it was found with the aid of statistical techniques, that a definite trend exists between soil depth and slope gradient. For the less than 8% slope class, soil depth variations could be ascribed to differences in parent rock and position in the landscape, whereas for slopes steeper than 8% slope, gradient apparently becomes the dominant determinant of the shallow soil depth. Because the soil depth-hillslope relationships were sufficiently well established by this study, it enabled the construction of three models to represent the varied conditions of the Roodepoort area. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 1984, 1: 61–66

Exact distributions associated with an h x k .contingency table

Abstract: For many probability distributions, especially in the case of discrete distributions, it is relatively easy to find factorial moments; 'Relations exist ' (see Comtet, 1974, p. 160) between factorial and ordinary moments. Using such relations, ordinary moments are found first customarily in order to have central moments. Needless to mention, central moments play a key role in statistical inference. In this paper, we introduce two numbers with their properties and establish, using these numbers, direct relations between factorial and central moments. We illustrate our results for modified power series distributions.

Transactionism in Person-Environment Theory

Abstract: Environmental psychology is described as a sub-field of psychology which busies itself with the analysis of relationships between human activity and the external contexts in which it takes place A brief overview of personologist, interactionist and situationist positions in person-environment theorizing is provided The recent development of transactionism as an offshoot from interactionist views is illuminated by providing a synopsis of the basic assumptions of a transactional approach to person-environment relations In conclusion it is suggested that this approach also emphasizes the role of change, human use of technology and the psychological nature of artifacts as central to the study of human-environment relations

The district administrator in rural development

Abstract: Although the “district administrator” was, and still is, identified under various titles, there was a common role of generalist administrative head within a spatial unit of field administration. For several decades the district administrator's authority was steadily diminished but he never completely disappeared from the scene and he is now making a strong return. The authority of the district administrator is also often augmented, and controlled, by the appointment of a political officer in the same locality. In the process he has come to need special experience in the field of development. In many countries the district administrator is supported in his development work by specialist development officers. This article traces the changing but persistent role of the district administrator in certain former British territories in Southern, Central and East Africa. Particular reference is made to Botswana, parts of South Africa, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania and Kenya.

Achievement training: A re-assessment of the technique and its impact on the development of supervisory and managerial talent in Southern Africa

Abstract: Against a scenario of an ever-increasing demand for a greater number of managers and supervisors - particularly Black talent - into the Southern African economies. this paper explores the real contribution Achievement Training has been making over the past four years. Specifically its contribution to developing managerial and supervisory talent is explored and its concomitant contribution to alleviate the critical 1:42 manager to worker ratio currently being experienced on this sub-continent. The Nasser Achievement Training Process has its origins in the work of Harvard Professor David McClelland's three-band theory. The development of this process is examined from both a construct and pedagogics point of view for purposes of critically reviewing its nature and impact. A longitudinal analysis of the results of some 2 985 prospective managers/supervisors who were exposed to the Achievement Training process reveals a number of very positive trends. The results indicate significant levels of improvement in performance on-the-job as adjudged by the immediate line managers on 10 work-related managerial supervisory dimensions. What is even more significant is that some 60% of the participants received promotions of between 1 and 4 levels during the observation period - the majority being Black. These results indicate the powerful nature of this Achievement Training process. The author argues that despite the significance of these results, this training process needs to be organic by nature. A restructuring of the contents has been proposed in order to equip even-better the latent managerial talent within the organization. Also the critical role of a well-trained Mentor has come into sharp focus as being a major facilitator in growing this managerial and supervisory talent at the fastest possible pace.

The reassessment of the moods in Zulu

Abstract: The concept mood is seen as a purely semantic phenomenon. In the definition given it becomes clear that there is a set norm: reality. The semantic content of the various verbal forms of Zulu are tested with respect to their relationship to reality. It was found that Zulu nas three moods. Furthermore, it was found that dependent verb forms such as the participial/situative and the narrative (consecutive?) forms should modally be classed with the indicative. It has also become clear that the subjunctive often forfeits its function as a mood to function purely as a narrative form.

Developments in Defining the Experience of Crowding

Abstract: Developments in the attempt to define the experience of crowding is traced from its original inception in psychological literature. It is concluded that contemporary conceptualizations of crowding point to its description as a transactional process.

Bureaucracy and the need for entrepreneurship in South Africa

Abstract: The growth of bureaucratic organization is seen as a characteristic inherent in capitalism. The concentration of economic power in South Africa is used as a measure of the extent of bureaucratization in this country. It is argued that this development is increasing and that such a development is structurally determining bureaucratic ways of thinking. Such an ethos is dysfunctional to the vitality of economic development; this problem thus warrants our attention. It is suggested that the entrepreneurial spirit is the prime mover in economic development; this way of thinking is, moreover, described and explained. It is further suggested that this way of thinking could be promoted and certain methods are proposed. It is, however, argued that much of the attention given to the entrepreneur has been misdirected to sectors of the economy which are in fact peripheral to economic development. The development of the small business sector is certainly of some importance; this sector cannot, however, solve our major problem, and that is the lack of real vitality of big business which grows by take-overs and mergers rather than by producing and distributing more wealth. This shortcoming, it is argued, is a function of the reproduction of the bureaucratic way of thinking.

Black managers in a white world: Strategy formulation

Abstract: This article takes a look not only at the strategies which could be employed towards the solution of the problems faced by both the black manager and his employing organization, but also at the possibility of providing a tentative formula for decisions relating to the amount of time, money and effort which should be expended on efforts to ameliorate problems of this kind. It is argued that attempts to successfully introduce black managers into an erstwhile 'white' world will require a combined socio-economic method of decision-making. In other words, it would appear that, in the majority of organizations which are attempting to integrate black managers into their managerial structures, it is necessary to devote resources to the partial resolution of conflict whilst at the same time not detracting from goal achievement aims. It is further argued that short-run resource allocation with regard to social versus economic ends should be based on a comparison of the relative equilibrium or growth conditions in the economic and social systems within the organization. In the long-run, a second principle - which involves working towards a reduction of the conflict between efficiency and psychological well-being and which generally involves the adaptation of the social system to the requirements of efficiency - has also to be introduced. With respect to the black manager in a white world, a number of strategies relating to manpower planning. the identification of management potential and training needs, the job itself, education and training, the organization and the total environment are put forward. All of these strategies could assist in alleviating the strains and pressures faced by both the black manager and the employing organization whilst at the same time leading in the direction of greater efficiency and possibly increased profitability.

Measuring Global Life-Satisfaction in South African Subjects

Abstract: When used for measuring global life-satisfaction in Black and White South Africans, English and Afrikaans versions of the Index of Well-being, a nine-item semantic differential designed by Campbell, Converse and Rodgers (1976), was highly internally consistent. There were also some indications of discriminant and convergent validity. The only significant findings regarding relationships between life-satisfaction and demographic variables were a main effect for ethnic group and an interactive effective for ethnic group, sex and age. Scores on well-being were noticeably lower for Black Women between the ages of 25 and 39 years than for any other subgroup.

Some problems in the application of South African private international law

Abstract: By established case law, the proprietary consequences of a marriage are governed by the law of the husband's domicile at the time of the marriage, with respect both to movable and immovable property, whenever acquired. The original domicile remains the connecting factor, even if the spouses subsequently acquire a new domicile, for instance by immigrating to South Africa. This is known as the principle of immutability. Moreover - and this is of great practical importance - the reference to the law of the husband's domicile at the time of the marriage includes a reference to that country's transitional law, and generally to the lex causae. Although it may seem odd to the parties concerned that they are subjected to the changes in the law of a country from which they may long since permanently have departed - changes of which they may never even have heard - it is clear that South African case law, in accordance with the law of most other systems, will not freeze the law of the husband's domicile at the time of the marriage includes a reference to that country's transitional law, and generally to the lex causae.

A preliminary bibliographical survey of research on poetry in Southern African vernaculars

Abstract: This article is an annotated bibliography of critiques on poetry in Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu. The first part lists these research works and the second c...

Developing tomorrow's managers today: An examination of superior/subordinate developmental relationships

Abstract: Although the Mentorship concept has been around for many centuries it is being examined with renewed interest by organizational development and human resources specialists. Researchers have found that organizations that are characterized by excellence have policies that promote a corporate organizational culture in which management makes a conscious effort to develop young men and women with leadership talent. The conscious attempt by superiors to grow one or more subordinates results from the fact that two-thirds of outstanding successful executives claimed to have had mentors in their careers. Superior-subordinate developmental relationships do not always succeed. Some relationships blossom, others break down, and many never even develop at all. Some studies reveal that there are good and poor mentors and special kinds of subordinates. These studies focus on the characteristics of the mentor and the protege where developmental relationships have blossomed and also failed. It is furthermore suggested that where mentor-protege relationships have blossomed that this may be due to a supportive organizational culture and the fact that superiors and their subordinates had matching interactive styles that promoted interaction in their interpersonal relationships. The latter has been illustrated from managerial action profiling research. More research is required to establish the important link between the characteristics of effective superiors and subordinates, organizational culture, and interpersonal interaction styles within superior-subordinate developmental relationships. It is argued that the effective management of superior-subordinate developmental relationships within organizations is critical if organizations are to remain productive and profitable, and survive the challenges of the next two decades.

A typological approach to Bantu linguistic studies

Abstract: (1984). A typological approach to Bantu linguistic studies. African Studies: Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 241-248.

Use of regression analysis to forecast cash flows

Abstract: In this article the need to forecast the cash flows of a corporation is discussed. Although many corporations operate on a decentralized basis to a greater or lesser degree the cash resources of the corporation are often controlled from head office. The system is cash receipts are remitted to the head office treasurer on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis and he undertakes to make funds available. Owing to the size of many corporations the treasurer is far removed from activities at the branch level and it is not unknown for him to experience an unexpected inflow or outflow of funds. It is also often taken for granted by the operations' accountants that the corporate treasurer will always have sufficient funds to place at their disposal. This lack of communication can result in difficulties in providing the operations with the required funds. It is therefore necessary that the treasurer forecast his future cash position in order to have adequate cash resources at his disposal to meet the requirements of the operations over the short term. In order to assist the treasurer in making short term forecasts a model using regression analysis was developed.