Showing papers in "Accident Analysis & Prevention in 1985"

TL;DR: The results suggest that providing more information about the effectiveness of seatbelts may not be as efficient a way of increasing seatbelt usage as emphasizing other factors, such as comfort and social norms, which cannot be outweighed by optimism.

TL;DR: Data from the 1977 National Personal Transportation Survey and from the Fatal Accident Reporting System were used to compute mileage-based fatal crash involvement rates of drivers, by age, sex, and time of day.

TL;DR: A review was performed of the marihuana and driving literature, both epidemiological and experimental, and areas impaired include coordination, tracking, perception, vigilance and performance in both driving simulators and on the road.

TL;DR: In the methodologically strong tests, DDC had no consistent effect on crashes but did decrease the frequency of traffic violations by about 10%.

TL;DR: The aim of the study was to find typical errors of traffic participants leading to frequent traffic-conflicts, and the importance of communication and the genesis of conflicts were investigated.

TL;DR: The results indicate that fatality patterns in Delhi are very different from those in highly industrialized countries, and it appears that priorities for safety countermeasures in Delhi would have to be significantly different from that in more industrialized high-income countries.

TL;DR: The analysis of accident count data for a number of Auckland, New Zealand intersections reveals considerable variation in the variability of accident counts, inconsistent with the "Poisson assumption", upon which accident data analysis is generally based.

TL;DR: The disabilities incurred by 2502 road accident patients admitted in three separate years to an Accident Hospital have been analysed and it is fair agreement with the present findings that serious disabilities occur in about 3% of inpatient hospital cases or in about 1% of total casualties.

TL;DR: People injured in motor vehicle traffic crashes were identified from a population-representative incidence sample of hospital emergency department visits and matched police reports of crashes were sought in official state records of motor vehicles traffic crashes.

TL;DR: The extent of media coverage, and not the extent of roadchecks or charging activity, is probably the critical element in the reduction of drinking-driving accidents.

TL;DR: An investigation was undertaken of the reportable occupational injuries of 1700 paint production and associated employees of one company working only on rotating shift, finding some time-of-day and circadian effects were indicated by an increased rate of accidents on the night shift.

TL;DR: Relationships among mine and injured miner characteristics and degrees of injury are examined for 91 404 injuries in underground bituminous coal mines in the United States from 1975 through 1982.

TL;DR: Additional analyses suggest that the discrepancy between reported and observed use is related to parents' educational level, father's occupation, child's sex and whether the mother works outside the home.

TL;DR: It was found that the flashing green elicited from the drivers an earlier decision response and a higher number of inappropriate stopping decisions, particularly close to the intersection, which suggests more friction between stopping and nonstopping vehicles and, therefore, a higher likelihood of front-rear collisions compared to a regular program.

TL;DR: Slow decrease in fatality rates are associated with rapid increases in motorization levels, the strength of the association being greater in the case of the R.D.C.C., and the power of the inverse relation correlates with motorization rates.

TL;DR: The data suggest that these commonly used indicators of economic development do not reliably predict a given country's current experience with motor vehicle-related mortality.

TL;DR: Available evidence that antihistamine-induced impairment of human psychomotor performance constitutes a traffic hazard is reviewed against a set of criteria which could theoretically be applied to any drug or group of drugs.

TL;DR: It was found that any increase in the level of control at such intersections tended to cause more vehicle accidents and fewer pedestrian accidents, although most of the changes were statistically insignificant.

TL;DR: Of 211 nonfatal cases studied, falls in and from both moving and stationary trains were the most common type of accident, and persons who survived being struck by a train received serious injuries and required hospital admission.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the effect of car mass on relative driver fatality likelihood is essentially the same for belted and unbelted drivers, and the relative effectiveness of seat belts in preventing driver fatalities is similar for cars of different masses.

TL;DR: New York students were more knowledgeable than Louisiana students about the restrictions, and there was more evidence in New York than Louisiana of reduced driving resulting from the curfew, consistent with results of an earlier study that found curfews in both of these states reduced crashes.

TL;DR: The paper questions the reliability of police-reported accident causation data and suggests improvements in the design of the accident report form and in the training of police investigators.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the minimum age of licensure has obvious strong effects in delaying licensure, and setting the learners permit age later also apparently delays licensure.

TL;DR: The behavioural pharmacology of intravenously administered heroin suggests that any drug induced deficit in driving performance is not due to any effect on psychomotor function, but might be expected from the effect of the drug on mood states.

TL;DR: This report reviews several sources of individual variability, particularly as they relate to differential impairment effects, and indicates that drug plasma level (DPL) is insufficiently correlated with impairment and that other factors need to be considered in determining the impairment vulnerability.

TL;DR: There is good agreement in the literature which suggests that schizophrenic patients demonstrate improved psychomotor performance during chronic treatment with antipsychotic drugs, which is central to the focus of this review.

TL;DR: The statistical and epidemiological considerations discussed should enable health care planners in developing countries to decide on the appropriate indicators required to properly assess the extent of the problem and aid in the amelioration and prevention of this "disease".

TL;DR: Although some impairment of skills due to antidepressants has been observed clinically, the impact of antidepressants on traffic safety is at present unknown.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared certain demographic and accident characteristics among Western European countries and between Western Europe and the United States from 1970 through 1980 with special attention given to the energy crisis and its aftermath from 1974 through 1980.

TL;DR: Results indicated that young male drivers decrease their perception of the risk of an accident as they become familiar with a driving route if they are NOT wearing a safety belt.