Agrarnyj vestnik Urala 

About: Agrarnyj vestnik Urala is an academic journal published by Urals State Agrarian University. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Biology & Agriculture. It has an ISSN identifier of 1997-4868. Over the lifetime, 142 publications have been published receiving 32 citations. The journal is also known as: Agrarian bulletin of the Urals & AVU.

State support for the development of agriculture in the region with an agrarian profile of the economy

Abstract: Abstract. The purpose of the work is the identification of the importance of state support for the development of agriculture in regions with agricultural specialization of the economy in the framework of improving food security. Methods. Methods of comparative analysis (including the rating evaluation method), structural analysis, statistical analysis, systematization, generalization, analogy, comparison were used. Results. Using a number of indicators, the role of the agricultural sector in the economy of a particular region of the North Caucasus Federal District is shown, including a sample of the most severe. The necessity of conducting a regular assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the activities of each subprogram as a structural element of the state program for the development of agriculture in the region is substantiated. To demonstrate the effectiveness, the most significant activities implemented in 2020 within each subprogram are selected and presented. The priorities of the state policy in the agrarian sphere of the regional economy are highlighted. Attention is focused on the key areas of development of crop production and animal husbandry of the agricultural sector of the region's economy. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the special relevance of state support for regions with an agrarian profile of the economy in connection with the real possibility of increasing the economic efficiency of the use of allocated resources in order to ensure sustainable growth of the agricultural sector of the region.

Complete immunological characteristics of the collection of hull-less barley in the conditions of the southern zone

Abstract: Abstract. Barley production in Russia and, in particular, in the Rostov region, is of great economic importance. There are positive and negative cultivation feature of the crop in this region. Spring barley has occupied its niche in production here, and in recent years the interest of breeders has been turned to its hulles forms. In order to develop a new promising breeding material, it is necessary to study comprehensively a various source material, including its responsiveness to diseases. The purpose of the current study was an immunological estimation of the world collection of hulles barley, provided by the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), according to resistance to the main pathogens widely spread in the Rostov region. The applied methods have included observations under conditions of an artificial infectious background, which revealed the immunological response of the varieties to the studied diseases. The created provocative conditions reduced the time of manifestation of susceptibility, and made it possible to cull the studied material at the early stages of the breeding process. The estimation was carried out for resistance to both leaf diseases (powdery mildew and net blotch) and smuts (head and loose). The study was carried out in the period from 2016 to 2018. There were evaluated 95 samples of various ecological and geographical origin. The result of the conducted study was as follows: according to powdery mildew there have been recommended such varieties as 84469/70 (Czech Republic), 1057-1923 (Czech Republic), Orgeniepetite (France) and Yudinsky 1 (Russian Federation). According to barley net blotch resistance, there have been recommended such varieties as 84469/70 (Czech Republic), Mestny (Dagestan), CDC Dawn (Canada) and NB-owa (Nepal). According to head smut resistance, there have been recommended such varieties as CDC Dawn (Canada), CDC Buck (Canada), H 235/66 and 84469/70 (Czech Republic). According to loose smut resistance, there have been recommended such varieties as CDC Dawn (Canada), CDC Buck (Canada), H 235/66, 84469/70 (Czech Republic) and Dublet (Belarus).

Combining ability of varieties and lines of spring durum wheat for productivity elements and quality of gluten

Abstract: Abstract. The purpose. The research is aimed at studying the combinational ability and the possibility of transmitting of productivity elements and quality from Italian and Russian sources in order to improve the gluten quality of spring durum wheat varieties of the Siberian ecotype. Metods. In 2020 and 2021years on the basis of the durum wheat breeding laboratory of the “Omsk ASC”, in the system of incomplete topcrosses were studied the varieties Zhemchuzhina Sibiri, Omskiy izumrud, Omskiy korall, Hordeiforme 10-33-3, Hordeiforme 11-76-3, Taganrog and 3 Italian breeding lines. Material for the quality of gluten was evaluated by the SDS-sedimentation (SDS), the index of gluten (IG). Principal component analysis carried out using the R package version 4.1.2. Results. In the genetic control of traits: IG, SDS, grain mass of the main spike, number of grains of the main spike, the mass of grain from the plant is dominated by the additive-dominant system. In hybrids F1, according to the signs of productivity, a heterozic effect. Of all the traits studied, screening will be effective for IG, SDS, grain mass of the main spike, and number of grains. It is advisable to carry out the screening at the same time on the productivity and quality of gluten. The involvement of Italian lines in the breeding process additionally requires the control of yield properties. Scientific novelty. The combinative ability of gluten quality and productivity elements from crossing Italian and Russian varieties of durum wheat has been studied. The problem of ecological changes in the IG has been identified, which entails additional research.

Studying the nature of inheritance of avenin components in F2 hybrids from crossing oat varieties of Siberian selection

Abstract: Abstract. The purpose of this work is to study the nature of inheritance of avenin components and description of new blocks of components in oat varieties cultivated in the Tyumen region for further use in marker breeding. Methods. We analyzed the grains of F2 hybrids from crosses of oat varieties ♀Tyumenskiy golozernyy × ♂Megion, ♀Tyumenskiy golozernyy × ♂Otrada, ♀Otrada × ♂Tyumenskiy golozernyy, ♀Megion × ♂Otrada. Native electrophoresis was performed in 13.2 % PAGE for 4.0–4.5 h at a constant voltage of 500 V. Results. In the course of research, it was found that the analyzed components of avenin make up blocks. The frequency distribution of phenotypic classes for each locus in each of the studied hybrid combinations corresponds to the assumption that each of the blocks is inherited as a single codominant mendelian unit. The synthesis of blocks of avenin components is controlled by three independent avenin-coding loci. Analysis of the inheritance of individual components of avenin in F2 hybrids made it possible to describe three new blocks of components, the synthesis of which is controlled by the Avn A locus – A9, A10, and A11; one block controlled by the Avn B locus – B7 and one block controlled by the Avn C locus – C8. On the basis of the results obtained, complete protein formulas were drawn up for the studied varieties of sowing oats: Tyumenskiy golozernyy – Avn 2.7.3; Megion – Avn 2 + 9.7.5; Otrada – Avn 10 + 11.4.8. It was found that the use of a spectrum of only one type as a standard is insufficient and leads to errors in the identification of component blocks. For more accurate identification, several varieties should be used simultaneously to obtain a complex spectrum-standard that combines several blocks of components for each locus. Scientific novelty. Described 5 new blocks of avenin components. These blocks can be used to assess the intrapopulation genetic diversity of oat varieties, as well as to search for adaptively significant and economically valuable traits linked to them.

Study and creation of the source material of soybeans in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

Abstract: Abstract. The purpose of this work is to study the collection of soybeans of various origins in order to identify new early-ripening and high-yielding varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Akmola region. Scientific novelty. Soybean varieties of various origins are characterized by the range of variability of economically valuable traits, as the basis for analysis and search for criteria for the selection of source material for practical breeding. Methods. The research uses a collection of soybeans of various origins. The studies were carried out in comparison with the best zoned varieties (standards) in rain-fed conditions. The laying of the collection nursery, phenological observations, assessments and records of the state of plants by phases of development were carried out according to the VIR methodology. Results. Soybean varieties Heihe 58, Heihe 59, Heihe 33, Heihe 35, Heihe 44, Heihe 49, Heihe 49, Beidou 26, Beidou 36, Beidou 43, Beidou 51, Huajiong 2 and Suiyang 1 are distinguished by comparative precocity and yield. The conditions of the growing season had a significant impact on the passage of the phases of growth and development of varieties. According to the shedding indicator, varieties Kendou 68, Longken 336, Heihe 44, Nur+ and promising number No. 75 were identified, which were characterized as less stable. During the research period, damage to the studied soybean varieties by pests was not noted. The main indicator of grain quality, protein content was within high limits. At the standard Bar grade level, the following grades were Heihe 58, Heihe 59, Heihe 33, Heihe 35, Heihe 44, Heihe 49, Heihe 49, Beidou 26, Beidou 36, Beidou 43, Beidou 51, Huajiong 2 and Suiyang 1. The varieties identified as a result of research can be used in practical breeding.