American Journal of Biomedical Sciences 

About: American Journal of Biomedical Sciences is an academic journal published by New World Publishing International, Inc.. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Oxidative stress & Internal medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 1937-9080. Over the lifetime, 279 publications have been published receiving 2248 citations. The journal is also known as: AJBMS & Am J Biomed Sci.

Determination of Antioxidant Activity in Tea Extracts, and Their Total Antioxidant Content

Abstract: Antioxidant activity of different types of tea (green, oolong, black, pu-erh ) were measured using different modern methods. Several types of commercially available teas, from various manufacturers were tested for antioxidant content using the amperometric method, the data is displayed here. Data gathered about antioxidant content of these different tea samples can be used to estimate quality and type of tea. The data collected using this method is also important when trying to account for the normal daily consumable antioxidant of healthy people and also patients using clinical antioxidant therapy.

Measurements of Surface Roughness in Conventional and Ultrasonically Assisted Bone Drilling

Abstract: Bone fracture due to an accident, aging or diseases is a feature of everyday life. One of the principal methods of repair and reconstruction of such a fracture is based on drilling the bone and fixing its separate parts together using screws, wires and plates. Morphology of the drilled hole surface and fixative components such as screws, pins and hooks influences strength of the bonds between them. Modern measurement methods provide researchers with a high-precision data on the main parameters of surface roughness. This study is concerned with measurements of surface roughness of holes drilled in a cortical bone using two drilling techniques. Hole’s surface roughness produced with conventional drilling (CD) and ultrasonically assisted drilling (UAD) was measured with, and compared for, various contact and non-contact methods. The difference in surface roughness for both drilling techniques was explained based on high-speed filming of the bone drilling processes.

Regulation of Microvascular Function by Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence of an Adipose-Vascular Loop.

Abstract: In recent years, the general concept has emerged that chronic low-grade inflammation is the condition linking excessive development of adipose tissue and obesity-associated pathologies such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are characterized by a diminished production of protective factors such as adiponectin and increased detrimental adipocytokines such as leptin, resistin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by adipose tissue. Moreover, the evidence that the growth of the fat mass is associated with an accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages and T-lymphocytes has raised the hypothesis that the development of an inflammatory process within the growing fat mass is a primary event involved in the genesis of systemic metabolic and vascular alterations. This crosstalk of adipocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to the production of various cytokines, chemokines, and hormone-like factors, which actively participate in the regulation of vascular function by an endocrine and/or paracrine pattern. Thus, the signaling from perivascular adipose to the blood vessels is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction.

Exercise Training Prevents Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Exercise training (ET) is thought to have a beneficial effect on these disorders, but the basis for this effect is not fully understood. Because endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathological events leading to cardiovascular complications in T2D, we hypothesized that the effects of ET will be evidenced by improvements in coronary endothelial function. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of ET on vascular function of diabetic (db/db, Lepr(db)) mice by evaluating endothelial function of isolated coronary arterioles of wild-type (WT) and db/db mice with/without ET. Although dilation of vessels to the endothelial-independent vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside was not different between db/db and WT, dilation to the endothelial-dependent agonist, acetylcholine (ACh), was impaired in db/db compared to WT mice. Vasodilation to ACh was restored in db/db with ET and insulin sensitivity was improved in the db/db after ET. Exercise did not change body weight of db/db, but superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) and phosphorylated- eNOS protein (Ser1177) expression in heart tissue was up-regulated whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) protein level was decreased by ET. Serum level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was higher in db/db mice but ET decreased IL-6. This suggests that ET may improve endothelial function by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability as well as decreasing chronic inflammation. We suggest this connection may be the basis for the benefit of ET in T2D.

Detection of Dopamine Based on Tyrosinase-Fe3O4 Nanoparticles-chitosan Nanocomposite Biosensor

Abstract: A tyrosinase biosensor based on Fe3O4-chitosan nanocomposite has been developed for the amperometric detection of dopamine by the biocatalytically liberated dopaquinone at −0.25V vs. saturated calomel electrode. The obtained bio-nanoparticles, which were attached to the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), showed excellent electrochemical characteristics and at the same time acted as mediator to transfer electrons between the enzyme and the electrode. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor showed broad linear response of 2.0×10 −8 to 7.5×10 −5 mol L −1 , with the low detection limit of 6.0×10 −9 mol L −1 and the high sensitivity of 46 μA/mM for the determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid. Such tyrosinase biosensor exhibits great promise for rapid, simple and cost-effective analysis of dopamine in the samples. This immobilization approach effectively improved the stability of the electron transfer mediator and is promising for construction of biosensor and bioelectronic devices.