Showing papers in "Annual Review of Genetics in 1977"
568 citations
TL;DR: Sister Chromatid Exchanges-Spontaneous or Induced?
Abstract: EARLY RESULTS 1 83 Sister Chromatid Exchange in Meiosis 1 83 Sister Chromatid Exchange in Somatic Cells 1 84 Isolabeling 1 86 Sister Chromatid Exchanges-Spontaneous or Induced? 1 86 RESULTS FROM NEW METHODS FOR DETECTING SISTER CHROMA TID EXCHANGES 1 86 Reasons for Differential Staining 1 87 Harlequin Chromosomes and Chromosome Structure 1 89 Multiple sister chromatid exchanges 1 90 Autoradiographic image spread 1 90 Labeling for more than one replication cycle 1 90 The Question 0/ Spontaneous Levels 0/ Sister Chromatid Exchanges 1 9 1 Location 0/ Sister Chromosome Exchanges in the Chromosome 1 93 Sister Chromatid Exchanges and Human Genetic Diseases 1 93 Sister Chromatid Exchanges as Indicators 0/ Mutagenic Carcinogens 1 94 Lesions Responsible for Sister Chromatid Exchange Formation 1 96 CONCLUSION 1 97
557 citations
328 citations
TL;DR: Flagellar Phase Variation, Fine Structure and Polymorphism of Flagellin, and Poly Morphism in Helical Shape of Flagllar Filaments are compared.
Abstract: GENETIC ANALYSIS OF FLAGELLAR CHARACTERS 163 Flagella Genes and Selection of Their Mutants ....... . .. . . . . . . . . ...... . . ... . . . . . . . . . ... . .. 1 63 Overall Maps of Flagella Genes . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . .... . . .. . . . 1 64 REGULATION OF FLAGELLAR FORMATION ... 1 65 Cell Cycle and Flagellation... .... . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . .. . . . . . . . ......... . ... .. .... .. ......... . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . 165 Sequence of Flagellar Morphogenesis .... ... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 66 Regulation of Flagellin Synthesis . . . . . . . . . .... 1 68 Growth of Flagellar Filaments ..... ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1 68 POLYMORPHISM OF FLAGELLAR FILAMENTS .. 170 Fine Structure and Polymorphism of Flagellin . . .. . . . . . . .. . . 170 Polymorphism in Helical Shape of Flagellar Filaments..... .... . . . . . ... . . . ......... 172 Flagellar Phase Variation ... . . . . . . .. ......... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . ...... 173
167 citations
TL;DR: In Vitro Analysis In Vitro: Techniques for Analyzing Cell Surface Antigens and Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis in Vitro.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . .... . . . . ... ... ... . . . .. . . . . . ... . ....... 1 28 TECHNIQUES FOR THE IN VITRO ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ANTIGENS OF LEUKEMIA CELLS .... ... ....... ... . .... . . .. ... ........ 1 29 Antibody Detection Systems ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 29 Preparation of A ntisera . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 29 Qualitative and Quantitative A bsorption Analysis In Vitro ........ . ... . . ... ... ........ 132 Standard Test Cells . . . . . . ........ 132 Other Techniques for Analyzing Cell Surface Antigens ........ . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . ...... 134
165 citations
101 citations
TL;DR: I NUCLEAR CYTOLOGY .
Abstract: I NUCLEAR CYTOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 II THE A SYSTEM OF MATING TYPE DETERMINATION AND INHERITANCE IN SPECIES WITH ONLY TWO MATING TYPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . 352 The A System in Paramecium primaurelia ...... ......... . ..... ......... ... .. 356 The A System in Paramecium pentaurelia 356 The A system in Paramecium multimicronucleatum, Syngen 2 .... .. ... ........ 357 III THE A SYSTEM OF MATING TYPE DETERMINATION AND INHERITANCE IN SPECIES WITH MULTIPLE MATING TYPES ...... ...... ... .. ... ..... ........ ... .. ...... .. 357 The A System in Tetrahymena canadensis .. ...... .. .... ...... ... .. ........ ........ ... ... . . . .. 357 The A System in Tetrahymena thermophila 357 The A System in Stylonychia mytilus ... ... ... ...... . 359 IV THE B SYSTEM OF MATING TYPE DETERMINATION AND INHERITANCE IN PARAMECIUM TETRAURELIA AND PARAMECIUM SEPTAURELIA . ....... .. 359 V MACRONUCLEAR DIFFERENTIATION FOR OTHER TRAITS .. ..... . 362 VI MISCELLANEOUS CONCLUDING COMMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 363
87 citations
TL;DR: A Model of Stimulus Transduction is presented and Implications of the Model are explained and the implications of the model are considered.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION 397 CHEMOTACTIC BEHAVIOR OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 398 GENETICS OF STIMULUS TRANSDUCTION 399 Stimulus Detection 400 Signaling 401 Flagellar Response ... .... ... ...... ... ........ 402 cheA. che W. che Y ...... ...... ....... 403 cheB. cheZ ...... ........ 404 cheC 405 cheD 405 SENSORY ADAPTATION 405 Protein Methylations in Chemotaxis 405 Methylation Patterns in Generally Nonchemotactlc Mutants 407 INTERACTION OF TRANSDUCTION COMPONENTS 408 cheC:cheZ .. 409 cheB:cheZ ... ..... ....... ..... 409 tar:tsr 409 A Model of Stimulus Transduction 410 Implications of the Model 411 CONCLUSIONS 411
82 citations
78 citations
TL;DR: A large number of the experiments showed clear trends in the number of cases where replication errors were caused by Repeated Duplications, particularly in the case of small Chromosomal Segments, which are relatively easy to fix.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION ... .... 103 DNA INSERTIONS AND THE CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM .... ....... . . . ..... . ..... .... . ..... ..... . . ... ..... .. . ... ...... . ...... ... ...... . ... ... . . ... ... . . .... . 104 Temperate Bacteriophages. . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 104 Bacteriophage A and 80 104 Bacteriophage P2 ......... 105 Bacteriophage Mu ........ lOS Plasmids . . ....... . . . ...... . . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . . . ...... .... . . . ..... . . .. . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . ... .. 106 The F plasmid 106 R plasmids • • 106 Col plasm ids ........ . 107 PI . ......... ......... . ......... 107 Insertions 0/ Nonreplicating DNA Sequences ........ . 108 IS elements ,. ..... ........ ... ... ...... 108 Transposons ,. ... .... ... ... ...... ....... ... ........ ..... ..... ... ....... 109 SPONTANEOUS CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS . . . . ........ . . . . . ....... . . ......... . . ....... . . . ... ...... 1\0 Duplications ... . . , .... ..... ..... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ........ ... ..... ........ ..... 110 Deletions ... ........ . . ......... ... . ,. ...... ... ........ ... ... ..... ... ..... 112 Other Chromosomal Aberrations.. . . . . . . . . .. ... . .. ..... ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS LEADING TO DNA REARRANGEMENTS 115 DNA REARRANGEMENTS THAT HAVE ACCUMULATED DURING EVOLUTION .... 115 DNA Rearrangements 0/ Small Chromosomal Segments ....... . ....... . ........ ... . 115 Are Procaryotic Chromosomes Formed by Repeated Duplications 0/ an Ancestral Chromosome? ........ . 116 CONCLUDING REMARKS ..... . ...... . ..... ....... ... .... . ..... . ..... . ... ..... . ... ....... . ... . . .... 116
70 citations
TL;DR: The present work has suggested that the mode of recognition and appropriation of DNA by cells and organelles in relation to plant cell reprograming has changed in recent years has changed from being primarily concerned with “cell reprogramming” to “organization”.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION 79 UPTAKE OF DNA BY PLANT TISSUES 80 UPTAKE OF DNA BY PLANT CELLS, PROTOPLASTS, AND POLLEN 83 UPTAKE OF PHAGE PARTICLES BY PLANT CELLS AND PROTOPLASTS .... 87 UPTAKE OF ORGANELLES BY PLANT PROTOPLASTS 89 HERITABLE CHANGE OF PLANT PHENOTYPE 91 SOMATIC CELL FUSION 93 CONCLUDING REMARKS 95
TL;DR: The history of the history of RNA and its applications in medicine and medicine is described in detail in the book “Reconstruction of the Phytochemical Foundations of RNA”.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ....... . .... .... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE GENOME ... .. ... ... ... .. . .. ......... 204 Virion RNA . . . . . . . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . ... . . .... . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . ... . ....... ... ... . ... .. . ... .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . .... . . . . . .. 204 Provirus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 The 5' and 3' Termini . . . .. . . . ..... ... . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 206 GENES OF RNA TUMOR VIRUSES ...... .. . .. ... . . . ... ... ... . 207 gag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . ... . . . ... ... . . ...... ... . . . . . . . ... ... . ... ... . . . ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ... . ... ... . 207 pol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 env . . .. ... . .. . . . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . ... . . 211 src. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 RECOMBINATION .. ...... . . . ........ . .. ... . . .. ... . .. ..... . ..... .. ... ..... .... .... 2 1 6 GENE MAPPING ..... ..... ...... . .. . .. . ... . .. ...... .. .. . .. . ... . .. . .... .. . .. . . . . ... ... .. ... .. . .. . .. .. . ... .. .... . 21 R
TL;DR: This work has shown that red cell antigens, particularly Red Cell A llotypes (Blood Group Antigens) and White Cell Allotypes, contain polypeptide A, which is a Polymethine-like substance and the structure of the molecule is determined by the individual cells themselves.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION . ... ....... ... ....... ..... ... ... ..... ... ... ....... ... ........ 13 THE ALLOANTIGENS 1 4 Red Cell A llotypes (Blood Group Antigens) 1 4 White Cell Allotypes 15 Plasma Protein A llotypes 16 Immunoglobulins 16 f3 Lipoprotein ....... ........ ... ....... ..... ..... 1 T' ELECTROPHORETIC VARIANTS 17 Plasma Components ..... ....... ...... ..... ....... 17 Complement polymorph isms ..... ...... ......... 17 Vitamin D-binding protein ....... ......... 19 Cellular Components ..... ......... 19 The polymorphic enzymes in blood cells ...... ...... ........ ...... 19 USEFULNESS OF GENETIC MARKERS IN BIOLOGICAL STUDIES 19 Mutation Mechanisms 19 Human Chromosome Mapping 20 Clonal Origin of Tumors ........ ......... 21 Fate of Bone Marrow Grafts 21 Detection of Cellular Mosaicism 21 Associations with Disease .. ........ ........ ........ 22 Red cell antigens ..... ..... 22 Histocompatibility antigens .... ..... ...... ...... ... ......... 23 Enzyme deficiencies ,. ...... ........ 23 CONCLUSION 23