Showing papers in "Atmospheric Research in 1988"

TL;DR: In this paper, a supercooled continuous flow, thermal gradient diffusion chamber was developed to study the ice nucleating properties of natural or artificial aerosols, where the wall temperatures are independently controlled over the range from about −4°C to −25°C, so that the vapor concentration at the location of the sample lamina can be set to a well defined value between ice saturation and a few percent water supersaturation.

TL;DR: Overall there seems to be good reason to believe that surface-based observations of cloud amount and especially of low cloud amount, character, and base height, can add significantly to satellite-based global nephanalyses now operational or currently being planned.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors generalise scale invariance notions beyond the usual geometrical self-similar (or even self-affine) notions to deal with strongly intermittent fields which result from multiplicative (cascade-type) processes concentrating matter or energy into smaller and smaller scales.

TL;DR: In this paper, the mixing ratio of the cloud's condensed water is predicted as a new prognostic variable, which does not fully interact with the radiation schemes, but the aim is to predict the cloud optical properties.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a majority of seawater drops in free fall in air with a relative humidity less than about 60% evaporate, become salt-saturated, and change phase to produce hollow sea-salt particles.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that the lower rainfall within 6° and 8.5°N is due to the stronger subsidence associated with outflows from deep convective systems located to the north of the area.

TL;DR: In this article, the basis of the electric multipoles in growing ice crystals was described and a series of laboratory experiments were undertaken to test the postulate and the results showed that small changes in dissolved salts are important in the orientation of initial ice crystal aggregates.

TL;DR: The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) as discussed by the authors is an international effort to exploit the operational imaging data of meteorological satellites with respect to the information they offer on cloud fields.

TL;DR: In this paper, a global coupled model of the atmosphere, the ocean mixed layer and sea ice, the atmospheric response to a 2% rise of the solar constant is studied with emphasis on cloud feedback processes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the characteristics of lightning tortuosity from a number of investigations, and the tentative conclusion reached is that the lightning's susceptibility to electric field directivity at the head of the lightning flash leader is due to a lack of electric fields at the leader.

TL;DR: In this paper, field observations and measurements were used to deduce the cloud depths and cloud top temperatures required for the Onset of Significant Concentrations of Ice Particles (OSCIP) in cumulus clouds.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of the results obtained by running a traditional filter processor and a continuous flow chamber under identical temperature and humidity conditions for polluted Manchester air has shown that the latter technique detects more ice nuclei than the former one by a factor of about 14±4.

TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical model based on surface boundary layer parameters obtained with a 6m mast at CIBA (Low Atmosphere Research Center) to evaluate the height of the boundary layer taking into account the surface sensible heat flux which can be easily obtained by profile methods applied at small masts.

TL;DR: In this article, a time-dependent ice accretion model on a non-rotating cylinder is described, and the model results show that the initial cylinder temperature can have a significant effect on both the shape and the mass of the ice accumulation.

TL;DR: The physical principles of entrainment into clouds and the subsequent history of the cooled entrained parcels are discussed in this paper, showing the important role of the wet bulb potential temperature, θw, in determining the temperature jump at inversions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the collection efficiency of a target riming by the collection of supercooled water droplets and show that the target, which represents a soft-hailstone inside a thundercloud, collects more droplets than theory indicates.

TL;DR: In this article, a one-dimensional radiative-convective model extending from 0 to 70 km is used to study the sensitivity of surface temperature to perturbations in the ozone profile.

TL;DR: In this article, all-sky camera photographs were obtained from voyages of research vessels in the summer of 1986 in the Atlantic and Indian oceans and the Mediterranean Sea and detailed analysis of this data base generally validates the cloud observations made by the ships officers.

TL;DR: The analysis procedure and the character of the resulting archives are described in this article, where 3D/RT Nephanalysis data have been utilized in several studies at global and regional scales and regional examples are shown.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new parameterization of the asymmetry factor g and of the single scattering albedo ω is proposed, which is necessary because of the different droplet size distributions existing in clouds and fogs.

TL;DR: In this article, ground measurements of raindrop spectra have been made during a convective shower, and it appears that this shower is likely to be divided in two phases: the first one (growth stage), characterized by large drop spectra with an exponential form is followed by a second one (dissipation stage) with spectra of rather small drops.

TL;DR: In this paper, the dependence of planetary albedo on horizontal cloud coverage (α = α 0 (1 − n ) + α n n ) is empirically verified for two areas in the Carpathian Basin (Hungary).

TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt was made to find a satisfactory agreement between calculated and measured values of diffuse skylight luminance in the sun's vertical plane at Seville (Spain).

TL;DR: In this article, the growth of droplets formed by water vapor adsorption on DMSO solutions is studied in a water vapor diffusion chamber, and a new equilibrium equation of droplet formed on substances which form molecular solutions with water is proposed.

TL;DR: In this article, the shape of diurnal variations obtained inside an anticyclonic cell is explained with the conjugate effects of evaporation and loss due to the subsidence mechanism.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a linear Markov process to model the daily sequences of k ( t ) (the clearness index), t = 1, n, n, n, …, when analysed on a monthly basis.

TL;DR: In this article, a lightning stroke on a power line tower has been observed at a distance of 180 m. A total duration of 2 s is estimated for the entire event which is interpreted as the consequence of an arc short-circuiting the chain of insulators.

TL;DR: In this article, an ephemeral salt lake in arid country 400 km from the sea was sampled over a four-day sampling period in May 1984 and the results showed that the salt aerosols detected were in fact marine in origin.