Showing papers in "Behaviour Research and Therapy in 1998"

TL;DR: The Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) as mentioned in this paper are two companion measures for assessing social phobia fears, which are developed and validated for clinical and research applications.

TL;DR: The results of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses supported six factors consistent with the hypothesized diagnostic categories of anxiety, with support also for a model in which the 1st-order factors loaded significantly on a single 2nd-order factor of anxiety in general.

TL;DR: According to this analysis, vulnerability to anxiety stems mainly from a lower threshold for appraising threat, rather than a bias in the direction of attention deployment, and relatively innocuous stimuli are evaluated as having higher subjective threat value by high than low trait anxious individuals.

TL;DR: The results show that all main components of the model were highly related to the discriminant function and that intolerance of uncertainty was pivotal in distinguishing GAD patients from non clinical subjects.

TL;DR: The theory that obsessions are caused by catastrophic misinterpretations of one's intrusive thoughts/ images/impulses is elaborated in an attempt to explain the frequency of obsessions and why they persist.

TL;DR: Overall, the results offered good support for the notion that the trait scale of the STAI assesses depression, as well as anxiety.

TL;DR: Results reveal that GSPs (but not NACs or OCs) tended to choose a negative interpretation for ambiguous social scenarios even when a positive interpretation was available, and this bias was specific to self-relevant scenarios.

TL;DR: A confirmatory factor analysis of the factor structure of the adapted General Self-Efficacy Scale found a model with 3 correlated factors and one higher-order factor (general self-efficacy) proved to fit the data even better.

TL;DR: Compared to the other groups, social phobia was associated with greater concern about mistakes (CM), doubts about actions (DA), and parental criticism (PC) on one measure and more socially prescribed perfectionism (SP) on the other measure and the remaining dimensions of perfectionism failed to differentiate among groups.

TL;DR: The model predicts that binge eating might be successfully treated with cue exposure and response prevention, and a series of predictions about clinical and non-clinical issues is derived from the model.

TL;DR: The results indicate that whilst the PI-WSUR shows reduced overlap with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, there are still problematic levels of overlap with a more content-based measure of worry.

TL;DR: Results suggest that a non-emotional motivational state,such as hunger, is associated with a bias in certain aspects of information processing, such as selective attention, for stimuli that are relevant to the motivational state.

TL;DR: Although the ME group demonstrated significantly more habituation than the ESE group across exposure trials, they also showed a clear return of fear (ROF) in response to the training spider at a 1-month follow-up assessment, whereas the E SE group showed no increase in fear.

TL;DR: The efficacy of a treatment for claustrophobia using only Virtual Reality (VR) exposure was examined and the necessity of a theoretical framework for this new medium for exposure therapy is discussed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that both social reinforcement and modeling processes may promote bulimic pathology, but imply that the effects are limited to family and peer influences.

TL;DR: Researchers have accorded increasing attention to the assessment of psychopathy in non-criminal samples, although the construct of subclinical psychopathy remains controversial, and the categorical versus dimensional status of Psychopathy requires clarification.

TL;DR: Testing in a neutral context revealed that rats conditioned in multiple contexts showed greater responding to the CS than rats trained in a single context, and the clinical implications are explored.

TL;DR: Hoarding was most closely associated with the impaired mental control features of OCD, and offa hoarding-related task, hoarding was associated with a greater frequency of reasons to save, but was not associated with fewer reasons to discard a target possession.

TL;DR: Cognitions were more frequent, unacceptable, and intrusive in the PTSD group in the month preceding interview, but the two clinical groups did not differ in the use of or effectiveness of coping strategies, or in emotional responses.

TL;DR: Results suggest that cognitive therapy targeting the misconception of the notion of randomness is a promising treatment for pathological gambling, a refractory disorder to most therapeutic interventions.

TL;DR: The results supported a cognitive model of social anxiety, rather than alternative explanations, and elicited significantly more negative responses from others in the negative appraisal condition, where they employed safety behaviors than in the positive appraisals condition,Where they did not.

TL;DR: The control group demonstrated significantly more habituation than the experimental group across exposure trials, yet showed a clear return of fear in response to a control spider at a 3-week follow-up assessment whereas the Experimental group showed no increase in fear.

TL;DR: As predicted, those participants who received the threat instructions, displayed a specific larger disruption of task performance immediately after the onset of the low-intensity pain stimulus in comparison with the control group.

TL;DR: A cross-cultural study of animal fears in which subjects from seven Western and Asian countries were asked to rate their fear of a range of familiar animals revealed a coherent three factor solution in which animals fell into a fear-irrelevant, fear-relevant (fierce) or disgust-relevant category.

TL;DR: The results suggest that AS is the product of a general factor, with independent contributions from four specific factors, which load on a single higher-order factor.

TL;DR: This study explored perspective taking in social phobics' images of past anxiety-provoking social situations and non-social situations, finding social phobia was significantly more likely than non-patient controls to take an observer perspective.

TL;DR: In the present study, a confirmatory factor analysis of the pooled items from the SIAS and SPS failed to adequately fit the data, and implications for the assessment of social phobia are discussed.

TL;DR: The results suggest that higher-than-normal levels of AS may arise from learning to catastrophize about the occurrence of bodily symptoms in general, rather than anxiety-related symptoms in particular.

TL;DR: Attempts to suppress traumatic material may be involved in the development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and there was a rebound effect for analogue traumatic intrusions although not for polar bear thoughts.

TL;DR: Results indicated that subjects high in social anxiety were both more accurate at, and had a more liberal criterion for, detecting negative audience behaviours while subjects low in social Anxiety were more accurate in detecting positive audience behaviours.