Showing papers in "Biologia Plantarum in 1974"
TL;DR: The induction of leafy shoots from the undifferentiated callus was the most effective on the modifiedLinsmaier andSkoog medium in the absence of auxin and with 0.15 to 0.70 mg l−1 of BAP.
Abstract: The technique of trees production from the undifferentiated poplar callus tissue is described. The best root formation was observed on the modifiedWolter andSkoog medium when NAA in concentration 0.2 to 0.4 mg l−1 was used as an auxin and cytokinins were omitted. The induction of leafy shoots from the undifferentiated callus was the most effective on the modifiedLinsmaier andSkoog medium in the absence of auxin and with 0.15 to 0.70 mg l−1 of BAP. The best development of roots at the basal end of excised shoots was achieved when shoots were transferred into the sterile mixture of perlit and sand (3: l, v/v) containing a modifiedWolter andSkoog medium.
44 citations
TL;DR: The authors propose to separate the section Euphaseolus characterized by the presence of the protein euphaseolin, and the questions of the taxonomical extent of various protein characters and the problematies of the so-called large and small protein characters are discussed.
Abstract: On the basis of immunochemical analyses of the main reserve protein ofPh. vulgaris, euphaseolin, in numerous cultivars ofPh. vulgaris, in additional 23Phaseolus species, and several representatives of further genera of Viciaceae and on the basis of the comparison of these data with morphological and genetical data the authors propose to separate the sectionEuphaseolus characterized by the presence of the protein euphaseolin. The species characterised by euphaseolin are closely related and capable of being crossed. The proposal requires an additional formal completion from the point of view of the conventions of classical systematies. Further the questions of the taxonomical extent of various protein characters and the problematies of the so-called large and small protein characters are discussed.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the cytological effect of one of the alkaloids of Opium, namely morphine sulphate on allium cepa root tips from a qualitative and quantitative point of view were studied.
Abstract: The cytological effect of one of the alkaloid of Opium, namely morphine sulphate onAllium cepa root tips from a qualitative and quantitative point of view were studied. It was found that morphine sulphate caused partial effect on spindle formation and also showed a mito-depressive effects particularly after long treatment.
30 citations
TL;DR: Two strains of tobacco tissue cultures were investigated cytogenetically, their morphogenetic potency was revealed and the plant regenerates were analyzed and the morphological variability of vegetative and reproductive organs of plant regenerateates was described.
Abstract: Two strains of tobacco tissue cultures were investigated cytogenetically, their morphogenetic potency was revealed and the plant regenerates were analyzed Strain I with less pronounced deficiency of nuclei was more capable to differentiation and organogenesis than the heterogenous strain II The morphological variability of vegetative and reproductive organs of plant regenerates was described The variations were characterized by high level of aberations during meiosis and unstable aneuploidy
28 citations
TL;DR: The maximum concentration of ethanol precedes the peak of enzyme activity, which is higher big more than one order of magnitude as compared to the amount of lactate, in the case of alcohol dehydrogenases.
Abstract: Lactate as well as ethanol is formed in seeds of soybean, maize, pea, bean, lentil and broad-bean in the course of germination during the so-called natural anaerobiosis. After 0 to 30 h of germination a concentration peak of lactate appears. Maximum in ethanol content is found after 40 h. The amount of ethanol is higher big more than one order of magnitude as compared to the amount of lactate. Both products of anaerobiosis occur in germinating seeds irrespective of the type of reserve substances.
25 citations
TL;DR: Formation of stems both in callus tissue isolated from hypocotyl and in apical meristems culture of carnation plants was evoked in vitro using chemically defined medium to form Grenadin white, yellow, scarlet red, dark red and pink.
Abstract: Formation of stems both in callus tissue isolated from hypocotyl and in apical meristems culture of carnation plants (Dianthus caryophyllus L. ev. “Grenadin white, yellow, scarlet red, dark red and pink”) was evokedin vitro using chemically defined medium. The rooted stems were transferred into pots and cultivated under natural conditions.
23 citations
TL;DR: The results obtained indicate that tryptamine oxidation catalyzed by diamine oxidase is not involved in the main metabolic pathway leading from tryptophan to indoleacetate in pea plants.
Abstract: The time courses of the synthesis of diamine oxidase in pea plants grown for 14 days either in the light or in the dark are similar with the highest increase in activity occurring in the cotyledons and in the shoots during the first 6 to 8 days. Plants grown in the dark showed a 2- to 3-fold higher enzyme activity than plants grown in the light. Pea diamine oxidase could bein vivo efficiently inhibited by substrate analogues 1,4-diamino-2-butanone and 1,5-diamino-3-pentanone. The first compound inhibited proportionally to its concentration the growth of etiolated pea plants, but its instability makes an unequivocal interpretation of the results difficult. On the other hand, 1,5-diamino-3-pentanone a stable and more efficient diamine oxidase inhibitor depressed the growth of pea seedlings only at concentrations as high as 5 mM and 10 mM, at which the growth of cress seedlings not containing diamine oxidase was also strongly depressed. The results obtained indicate that tryptamine oxidation catalyzed by diamine oxidase is not involved in the main metabolic pathway leading from tryptophan to indoleacetate in pea plants.
18 citations
TL;DR: The flowering ofSalvia splendensSellow under noninductive short days is promoted by exogenous application of estrogen fraction isolated from flowering sage plants, gibberellin GA4+7 and to some extend N6-benzyladenine and estradiol and the most active is the combination of GA4-7 with estrogen fraction.
Abstract: The flowering ofSalvia splendensSellow under noninductive short days is promoted by exogenous application of estrogen fraction isolated from flowering sage plants, gibberellin GA4+7 and to some extend N6-benzyladenine and estradiol. The most active is the combination of GA4+7 with estrogen fraction. No synergistic action of GA4+7 with N6-benzyladenine estradiol was found.
17 citations
TL;DR: It was established that some of the investigated lines differ from the variety S 96 in one pair of dominant genes or genes with incomplete dominancy for late flowering, other in two pairs of genes with complementary effects, and that the variety probably also contains other alleles causing late flowering inhibited by some type of epistasis.
Abstract: Sixteen early, medium late, and late homozygote lines ofArabidopsis thaliana, obtained from three natural populations, were crossed with a common check variety S 96. The speed of development was expressed by the value log (x+y), wherex stands for the number of days after which flower primordia appear, andy for the number of leaves in the rosette. The experiments were caried out under conditions which emphasized the differences in the speed of development. We assessed the degree of dominancy, heritability on the basis of F1 and F2 variance, and analyzed F2 distributions. It was established that some of the investigated lines differ from the variety S 96 in one pair of dominant genes or genes with incomplete dominancy for late flowering, other in two pairs of genes with complementary effects, and that the variety S 96 probably also contains other alleles causing late flowering inhibited by some type of epistasis. Even though the most important part is always played by one or two pairs of genes with high dfficiency, genes with lower efficiency often take part in the process; in some lines the genes with high efficiency could not be established.
15 citations
TL;DR: The development of excised flax embryos of different age was followed in nutrient media with different osmotic values, and agar media were superior to liquid media for the cultivation of explanted embryos.
Abstract: The development of excised flax embryos of different age was followed in nutrient media with different osmotic values. Sucrose media with the osmotic value 4.0 bar. (5%) sucrose were the most suitable for the cultivation of excised 7 and 14 days old flax embryos. Nutrient media with the osmotic potential 1·7 bar (2% sucrose) were optimal for 28 days old embryos. The most convenient osmotic potential for optimal root growth was 4.0 bar and for hypocotyls and stems 1.7 bar. High osmotic value of the cultivation media prevented the germination of the embryos and lower osmotic value promoted the germination. Mannitol, when compared with sucrose, inhibited the development and germination of the embryos. Different abnormalities often occurred on the media with mannitol. Agar media were superior to liquid media for the cultivation of explanted embryos.
14 citations
TL;DR: Excised stamens of Lilium regale were grown in vitro and a callus was produced and from it several buds and plantlets arise.
Abstract: Excised stamens ofLilium regale were grownin vitro. From the cut end of the filament a callus is produced and from it several buds and plantlets arise.
TL;DR: Both cytokinins decrease the photosensitivity of embryos isolated from the seeds stratified less than one month, but only BA accelerates the appearance of the second photosensitivity maximum, normally occuring on the 70th day of stratification.
Abstract: Kinetin (KIN) and benzyladenine (BA) stimulate to different extent the germination of apple embryos isolated from dormant seeds or seeds submitted to stratification. KIN is much more active in the replacement of light requirement in apple embryos germination. Both cytokinins decrease the photosensitivity of embryos isolated from the seeds stratified less than one month, but only BA accelerates the appearance of the second photosensitivity maximum, normally occuring on the 70th day of stratification. Both cytokinins stimulate the activity of acid phosphatase between the 30th and 50th day of apple seed stratification. The stimulation between the 50th day and the end of stratification is exerted only by KIN. These differences allow to discuss the specificity of action of particular cytokinins during the after-ripening and germination of apple embryos.
TL;DR: Application of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea for 3 h at the onset of germination inhibited the rate of DNA synthesis and postponed the peaks ofDNA synthesis in individual meristems of the embryo.
Abstract: 3 peaks of DNA synthesis were observed in the barley embryo of seeds, germinating for 49 h in running tap water at 25°C. The first peak, found after 22h, was formed by S-cells in the roots and in the 1st leaf meristem. The second peak (after 34–37h) and third peak (after 46–49 h) represents the S-cells in the roots, apex and 1st, 2nd and 3rd leaf meristems. Application of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea for 3 h at the onset of germination inhibited the rate of DNA synthesis and postponed the peaks of DNA synthesis in individual meristems of the embryo.
TL;DR: InBidens bipinnata, a common composite inhabiting mostly gravelly or rocky habitats, two cypsele types are found within a single capitulum, which differ in their dormancy periods.
Abstract: InBidens bipinnata, a common composite inhabiting mostly gravelly or rocky habitats, two cypsele types are found within a single capitulum. These dimorphic cypsele types differ in their dormancy periods. Evolutionary implications of this differential intracapitular cypsele dormancy are discussed.
TL;DR: Differences were found in both the effects of the antibiotics during the treatment and the restoration of the inhibited processes after the treatment, and the reversibility of the inhibition caused by the antibiotics was evaluated.
Abstract: The roots ofAllium cepa L. were treated with water solutions of cyanein and griseofulvin for 24 and 48 h respectively, thereafter cultured for 48 h in the medium without the antibiotics, and the reversibility of the inhibition caused by the antibiotics was evaluated. Changes in the mitotic index of meristematic cells were followed in squash preparations of root apices. In addition to the cytologic observations, the differentiation of the primary meristem was followed in longitudinal sections. After the treatment with reversible doses of cyanein and griseofulvin respectively, differences were found in both the effects of the antibiotics during the treatment and the restoration of the inhibited processes after the treatment. In the cells treated with cyanein the restoration of mitotic activity was instantaneous but less intensive and in|complete especially in the case of the 48 h treatment. After the treatment with griseofulvin which temporarily interfered also with the differentiation of the primary meristem, the restoration of the inhibited processes was delayed but intensive after both application times, 48 h after the treatment no symptoms of the preceding inhibition could be observed.
TL;DR: The water potential (Ψw) and the water saturation deficit (δWsat) in leaves of different insertion levels of potted kale plants were simultaneously measured and their relationship varied considerably with the leaf insertion levels.
Abstract: The water potential (Ψw) and the water saturation deficit (δWsat) in leaves of different insertion levels of potted kale plants were simultaneously measured. In non-wilting plantsδWsat gradually decreased andΨw slightly increased from the upper to the lower leaves. During the wilting of the plants induced by decreasing of soil moistureΨw practically decreased paralelly in all the leaves but the same decrease ofΨw was connected with the lowest increase ofδWsat in upper leaves and the highest increase ofδWsat in lower leaves. Not only the values ofΨw andδWsat but also their relationship varied considerably with the leaf insertion levels.
TL;DR: Growth regulators, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and kinetin (KIN), were used in different concentrations to stimulate the initiation and further development of the fruiting bodies of the fungusLentinus tigrinus.
Abstract: Growth regulators, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and kinetin (KIN), were used in different concentrations to stimulate the initiation and further development of the fruiting bodies of the fungusLentinus tigrinus Vegetative mycelium of the fungus was cultivated on cellulose cylinders soaked with a synthetic nutrient solution or with a 3% malt extract When the mycelium covered the surface of the cylinders, further cultivation was carried out in graduated concentrations of the growth regulators mentioned above The number of developed fruiting bodies showed that the optimum IAA and GA3 concentrations were in both media 300 ppm The optimum concentration of kinetin was 400 ppm
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of Zn2+ ions (in the form of znCl2) in the ceoncentration range 10−3 to 10−6 M on the content and biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates was studied on etiolated seedlings of rape (Brassica napus var.arvensis(Lam.) Thell).
Abstract: The effect of Zn2+ ions (in the form of ZnCl2) in the ceoncentration range 10−3 to 10−6 M on the content and biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin has been studied on etiolated seedlings of rape (Brassica napus var.arvensis(Lam.) Thell). In the “long-term” experiment zine ions influenced the seedlings during eight days of germination, whereas in the “short-term” experiment zinc ions acted only 72 h on seven days old intact seedlings. The biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates has been followed by the incorporation of35S from Na235SO4 into both glucosinolates in experiments with, hypocotyl segments of the rape seedlings.
TL;DR: It is suggested that increased synthesis of AA in the cotyledon during water stress may trigger enhanced synthesis of RNA and consequently of enzymic proteins, thus bringing about rapid mobilization of reserve materials during revival.
Abstract: Ascorbic acid (AA) turnover, and levels of RNA and protein were determined during germination ofCicer arietinum cv. Chafa under—(i) normal watering; (ii) water stress of six days; and (iii) revival upto next stage of seedling growth after water stress. Water stress lowered significantly AA, ascorbigen, ascorbic acid—macromolecule complex, RNA and protein content in embryo axis while a reverse trend was seen after revival. In the cotyledon, AA, RNA and protein contents were higher during water stress. However on revival only AA and protein contents decreased, whereas the RNA content showed further enhancement. It is suggested that increased synthesis of AA in the cotyledon during water stress may trigger enhanced synthesis of RNA and consequently of enzymic proteins, thus bringing about rapid mobilization of reserve materials during revival.
TL;DR: There in Czechoslovakia is for the first time described the occurance of the disease “pear decline”, which is typical with small leaves, sparse foliage, reddening of the leaves and quick or slow decline of the diseased trees.
Abstract: There in Czechoslovakia is for the first time described the occurance of the disease “pear decline”, which is typical with small leaves, sparse foliage, reddening of the leaves and quick or slow decline of the diseased trees. There in the roots of the diseased trees mykoplasmalike organisms were found.
TL;DR: An open system has been designed which enables a simple and rapid manual regulation of the CO2 concentration and absolute humidity in the assimilation chamber according to the actual CO2 and water vapour exchange rates, respectively as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An open system has been designed which enables a simple and rapid manual regulation of the CO2 concentration and absolute humidity in the assimilation chamber according to the actual CO2 and water vapour exchange rates, respectively This ensures a constant effective CO2 concentration and humidity irrespective of the gas exchange of the leaves The installation is supplemented with an irradiation system providing irradiance at the leaf level up to 3 200 μeinstein m−2s−1 (400–700 nm),i e ca 675 W m−2
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the artificial change of leaf angle upon these indices was studied, and the authors classified normal maize stand (N) as the interstage between a planophile and a plagiophile type of canopy.
Abstract: Leaf angles, frequency distribution of leaf area inclinations, leaf area index, amount of intercepted radiation, biological, vegetative and grain yields and grain yield proportion of biological yield were determined in maize stands of two population densities, 55 555 plants ha−1 (S1), and 80 000 plants ha−1 (S2). Also the effect of the artificial change of leaf angle upon these indices was studied. We classified normal maize stand (N) as the interstage between a planophile and a plagiophile type of canopy, that with artificially changed leaf angle (V) as an erectophile type of canopy. The relative interception of the incoming radiation in the variantsV S1 andV S2 was lower than in the variantsN S1 andN S2. The variantsV in comparison with variants N increased grain yield and biological yield.
TL;DR: The translocation of gamma-aminobutyric acid from seeds suggests that the capacity of apple seeds for extensive interchange with the surrounding tissues of the fruit and the spur is more general than suspected.
Abstract: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA-114C, IAA-214C) and gamma-aminobutyric acid labelled with14C were applied in lanoline to the surface of intact seeds or inserted into seeds of growing apple fruitlets or to the cut surface of the pericarp. Their translocation in trees was checked by means of autoradiography or by a low background Geiger-Muller counter. Auxin applied to the top of intact seeds, or inserted into the seeds was translocated and distributed within the pericarp, spur tissues and shoots below. The translocation of gamma-aminobutyric acid from seeds suggests that the capacity of apple seeds for extensive interchange with the surrounding tissues of the fruit and the spur is more general than suspected. A much poorer or no translocation to the spur was found when radioactive compounds were applied to the cut surface of the pericarp, while the seeds were left untouched. The results suggest two mechanisms of metabolite translocation in the apple fruit: two-directional for seeds and one-directional for the pericarp.
TL;DR: The growth oscillations may be, according to present results, interpreted as consequences of tropic growth controlling system and external factors, like irradiation, may influence oscillation parameters.
Abstract: Oscillation movements of primary roots of pea seedlings were investigated after low- and high-energy irradiation (10−2 and 106 W m−2) which was applied continuously and in pulses at intervals of 3 and 30 min. Oscillation amplitudes of control roots grown in darkness were lower (1 mm) than those of irradiated ones recorded in our previous experiments. The elongation rate of roots grown under scattered and low-energy irradiation as well as their mean oscillation amplitude (2.6 mm) and frequency (8 h) correspond to the standard values recorded in previous experiments. The same effects on root growth and oscillations had scattered electronic flash irradiation.
TL;DR: Chimeral plants with variegated leaf blades were obtained by induction of organogenesis in primocultures of leaf explants ofNicotiana tabacum L. cv.
Abstract: Chimeral plants with variegated leaf blades were obtained by induction of organogenesis in primocultures of leaf explants ofNicotiana tabacum L. cv. Burley 49, chlorophyll mutation White Seedling. Only green plants regenerated from primocultures of explants taken from dark green leaf areas of the chimeras. The possibility of a multicellular initiation of chimera regeneration from tissue cultures is discussed.
TL;DR: The content of carbohydrates and activities of phosphatases on N. tabacum cv. "Samsun" inoculated with Y-virus were studied in this paper.
Abstract: The content of carbohydrates and activities of phosphatases onN. tabacum cv. ‘Samsun’ inoculated with Y-virus were studied. Dynamic manner of the systematic studies allowed to find new immediate connections. The results of this experiments with the results of our previous investigations gived the explanations of the varying content of carbohydrates in the tissues. The investigated time period of 10 day were divided into 2 parts with breaking point arround fourth day. During the first part at the decreased activity of hexokinases and at the increased activity of phosphatases the accumulation of saccharides in tissues was observed. During the second part slightly increased activity of phosphatases could not supply to the very stimulated kinases the sufficient amount of carbohydrates so that the content of saccharides considerably was being reduced untill the rate of the control plants.
TL;DR: Results were significantly influenced by heterogenity of experimental material caused by an interference of phototropic movements and natural oscillations of hypocotyl, and deviations of longitudinal axis of oscillating spiral characterize the actual phototropic curvature.
Abstract: Phototropic sensitivity of forest wood seedlings to lateral illumination was proposed as an early assay for distinquishing various ecotypes of woody plants of the same species. Statistical analysis showed that results were significantly influenced by heterogenity of experimental material caused by an interference of phototropic movements and natural oscillations of hypocotyl. Both movements of pine seedlings (Pinus silvestris L.) were registered by phase photography and their mechanism was analyzed. The apical part of growing hypocotyl illuminated from above oscillates in a space spiral with frequency 3.3 h at mean growth rate 0.66 mm h−1. The mean size of spiral amplitudes is 2.9 mm. The oscillation rhythm is disturbed after the lateral illumination and a phase shift was observed as a result. A new oscillation rhythm with frequency 3.9 h and mean growth rate 0.69 mm h−1 was stabilized after a period of time equal to one nutation turn. Oscillation amplitudes were increased to 4.3 mm. In addition to the radiation intensity the appearance of the phototropic response to light pulse is first of all effected by the actual position of the apical part of hypocotyl in the course of endogenous circumnutations. A uniform plant material for the early assay may be obtained by selection of seedlings which are at the beginning of lateral illumination in the same phase of nutation rhythm. Under such conditions the deviations of longitudinal axis of oscillating spirals characterize the actual phototropic curvature.
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TL;DR: Aneuploids particularly trisomics were found to be promising and may lead to the production of commercially viable plants and the chromosomal counts in acetocarmine squashes confirmed the presence of extra chromosome(s).
Abstract: Aneuploids have been identified cytomorphologically in progenies from triploid and diploid-triploid crosses. 30 trisomics, 2 double trisomics, 1 tetrasomic, and 2 higher aneuploids were obtained. Some of the aneuploids were found to be different from those reported earlier and higher aneuploids carried eight extra chromosomes. The plants with one extra chromosome occurred more frequently (67%) than the other aneuploid types.
TL;DR: In this article, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants were grown for 55 days in dilute nutrient solution at varying concentration of potassium and showed that increasing concentrations of potassium depressed the uptake of magnesium.
Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants were grown for 55 days in dilute nutrient solution at varying concentration of potassium. Data are recorded for the rate of uptake of potassium, magnesium and growth response. Over the concentration range studied, the rate of absorption of potassium followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.06×10−3M. Identical response curves were observed for either total growth or total uptake. Maximum yield was obtained at a concentration of about 200 μM potassium. Increasing concentrations of potassium depressed the uptake of magnesium.
TL;DR: Feeding 0.4 M glucose during the long period of darkness enhanced the amplitude of the flowering response and substituted for one photoperiodic cycle, whereas 2 1/2 days old plants are able to flower after having obtained a single induction cycle.
Abstract: Under the conditions applied in our laboratory 4 1/2 days old plants ofChenopodium rubrum require 2–3 photoperiodic cycles for maximal flowering response, whereas 2 1/2 days old plants are able to flower after having obtained a single inductive cycle. The period length of the free-running rhythm of flowering observed in 2 1/2 days old plants after a single transfer from light to darkness is 30h and the first peak of flowering occurs at about hour 12 in darkness. When a cycle consisting of 16h darkness and 8h light or of 8h darkness and 8h light precedes the long dark period the rhythm is rephased. Rephasing is greater when the light commenced to act on the positive slope of the first peak of the free running rhythm than when it impinged on the negative slope. With an 8h interruption of darkness by light rhythm phase is controlled by the light-on, as well as by the light-off signal. Feeding 0.4 M glucose during the long period of darkness enhanced the amplitude of the flowering response and, moreover, substituted for one photoperiodic cycle.