Showing papers in "Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas in 2010"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify patterns of spatial distribution in sambaquis according to the sedimentary context at the time of construction, stratigraphy and age, based on these criteria, the following groups were recognized: five geological-geomorphological contexts of location; three stratigraphic patterns; and four phases of samba qui occupation in the area, according to site number and type of constructive pattern.
Abstract: Since the beginning of the human occupation in the south-central coast of Santa Catarina State, in Brazil, the articulation between natural and anthropic processes modeled a strongly domesticated landscape, shaped by the massive construction of shell mounds of monumental dimensions and millenarian permanence. In the coastal plain between Passagem da Barra (Laguna District) and Figueirinha Lake (Jaguaruna District), 76 sambaquis were mapped, 48 of which have been dated. Systematic site surveys and radiocarbon datings allowed identifying patterns of spatial distribution in sambaquis according to the sedimentary context at the time of construction, stratigraphy and age. Based on these criteria, the following groups were recognized: five geological-geomorphological contexts of location; three stratigraphic patterns; and four phases of sambaqui occupation in the area, based on site number and type of constructive pattern. The model for sedimentary evolution and time-space distribution of sambaquis shows that sites were built in already emerged areas and that inland sites, away from the lagoons, may have not be preserved or they are not exposed due to the continuous sedimentary filling that characterized this region after the maximum Holocene transgression. The crossing of data, here proposed, shows the importance of integral approaches between archaeology and geosciences for the study of landscape evolution.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the diversity of plant material in urban homegardens in the Amazonian city of Santarem, Para, Brazil was investigated using a year-long intensive qualitative study of 25 rural-urban migrant households.
Abstract: Urban agriculture, including urban homegardens, is vital for urban survival of many people in various cities around the world, including those in the Amazon region of Brazil. These spaces, through daily praxis, become important for incidental agrodiversity conservation as food plants are cultivated and their plant material circulated. Utilizing data from a year-long intensive qualitative study of 25 rural-urban migrant households, this article considers the diversity of plant material in urban homegardens in the Amazonian city of Santarem, Para, Brazil. The purpose of the study was to understand the social systems that maintain cultivated plant diversity in homegardens. Our objectives in this article are twofold: a) to demonstrate that plant agrodiversity in homegardens persists in a setting which is located 'at the market'; and b) to document the ways in which flows of plant material help maintain this agrodiversity.
27 citations
TL;DR: O ensaio apresenta os conceitos de territorialidade e gestao do territorio, propondo estudos que aprofundem o conhecimento sobre o processo de transformacao territorial contemporâneo na Amazonia, questionando o planejamento governamental com base no conceito de macrorregiao and argumentando a respeito da necessidade de serem formuladas politicas publicas for escalas geograficas adequadas aos processos sociais territorializados as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: O ensaio apresenta os conceitos de territorialidade e gestao do territorio, propondo estudos que aprofundem o conhecimento sobre o processo de transformacao territorial contemporâneo na Amazonia, questionando o planejamento governamental com base no conceito de macrorregiao e argumentando a respeito da necessidade de serem formuladas politicas publicas para escalas geograficas adequadas aos processos sociais territorializados. No caso da Amazonia, as politicas e o planejamento governamental devem levar em consideracao dois vetores de transformacao regional, que expressam a estrutura transicional do Estado e do territorio contemporâneos, o vetor tecno-industrial e o vetor tecno-ecologico.
27 citations
19 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines interpretations of the drought problem in Brazil's northeast sertao during the First Republic and compares analysis of drought as primarily a natural or climatic phenomenon, embraced by civil engineers working for the Inspetoria [Federal] de Obras Contra as Secas (IFOCS) with analyses emphasizing social and political conditions that made drought a crisis for the sertanejo poor.
Abstract: This paper examines interpretations of the drought problem in Brazil's northeast sertao during the First Republic. It compares analysis of drought as primarily a natural or climatic phenomenon - embraced by civil engineers working for the Inspetoria [Federal] de Obras Contra as Secas (IFOCS) - with analyses emphasizing social and political conditions that made drought a crisis for the sertanejo poor. The latter are evident in the report of doctors Belisario Penna and Artur Neiva describing their expedition through the sertao sponsored by IFOCS in 1912. This comparison allows for consideration of the intersection between natural (geographic, climatic) and social (political, cultural) factors that produced the region's periodic crisis. The analysis is informed by the work of social scientists who highlight the multi-dimensional causes underlying natural disasters in politically marginal communities. Technocrats' faith in the context-independent utility of their expertise lay at the heart of IFOCS's ultimate failure to rescue sertanejos from famine, migration and poverty. Because the drought agency's technical personnel never had the political will or muscle to confront the social organization underlying the sertao's recurrent calamity, their ability to alleviate the human suffering that droughts precipitated was severely limited.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the relationship between small producers and the State in the Brazilian Amazon, through situations that started in the middle of XXth century, in different contexts and with different state policies for territorial management.
Abstract: The article discuss the relationship between small producers and the State in the Brazilian Amazon, through situations that started in the middle of XXth century, in different contexts and with different state policies for territorial management. It recovers the fact that in the 1970's and 1980's, the State systematically condemned traditional forms of space appropriation common to collectivities of small producers and standardized the form of control over the land through the legal concept of private property, aiming at the integration of the region to national economy through large corporations. It also reflects on the effects of the process of re-democratization of the country and the diffusion of environmental policies in the following decades, when social movements of small producers made alliances with environmentalists, became politically more influential, and the projects of sustainable development began to compete with other development projects. Taking as an example the process of creation of two environmental protected areas in the Jurua River, in the Amazonas state, that involved small producers and agencies of the federal government related to Agrarian Reform and Environment, we argue about the extent to which the relationship between the State and the small producers of the region have change substantially due to this context.
10 citations
TL;DR: A document elaborated by a former National Museum of Rio de Janeiro Director, Heloisa Alberto Torres, who proposed to make a study of the state of affairs of the Natural Sciences and Anthropology in order to restructure the scientific research as a function of the Brazilian economic, political, and social development is analyzed.
Abstract: The purpose of the article is to analyze a document elaborated by a former National Museum of Rio de Janeiro Director, Heloisa Alberto Torres (1895-1977), who proposed to make a study of the state of affairs of the Natural Sciences and Anthropology in order to restructure the scientific research as a function of the Brazilian economic, political, and social development. The document was sent to the rector of the Universidade do Brasil, Pedro Calmon (1902-1985), in 1946, at the end of the Brazilian Estado Novo and the Second World War, when the Director was reconducted to the post she was in charge since 1938. According to the document the political role of the Natural Sciences and the Anthropology should be exerted in the theoretical limits of Ecology, which collided with the political demands of inordinate exploitation of the nartural resources. The Director's ideas ended up limited to institutional projects, carried out within the framework of the international scientific cooperation politics. This facilitated the circulation of scientists and benefited from national and foreign financial support.
9 citations
TL;DR: The first formal assessment of the known samples and hypotheses about their function and purpose were presented in this paper, where the style, symbolic patterns, and functional details of paired holes existing in all samples suggest their association to the ritual snuff of parica (yakee) and other hallucinogenic substances by ancient Amazonian shamans.
Abstract: Although known for over a century, the so-called Amazonian stone idols still represent a category of indigenous artifacts without archaeological, historical and ethnographic context. This article represents the first formal assessment of the known samples and presents hypotheses about their function and purpose. The style, symbolic patterns, and functional details of paired holes existing in all samples suggest their association to the ritual snuff of parica (yakee) and other hallucinogenic substances by ancient Amazonian shamans.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the Amazon in the social thought of Brazilian Estado Novo (1937-1945), when events and governmental projects such as the "Marcha para o Oeste" and the "Discurso do rio Amazonas" represented more attention of central government to the region.
Abstract: The article analyzes the Amazon in the social thought of Brazilian Estado Novo (1937-1945), when events and governmental projects as the "Marcha para o Oeste" and the "Discurso do rio Amazonas" represented more attention of central government to the region. Since 1941, articles about the Amazon were published in the journal "Cultura Politica", issued by the Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda (Department of Press and Publicity), one of the principal means of publicizing the social thought of Estado Novo. Concepts of Euclides da Cunha, Alberto Rangel, and Alfredo Ladislau about climate, race and civilization were suitable for the production of these texts with the aim of building political ideas by the State. Thus, our analysis highlight continuities and discontinuities between the literary production of the Brazilian First Republic and the official ideas formulated by the dictatorship of Getulio Vargas.
7 citations
TL;DR: Through the analysis of the reports produced by the astronomers who traveled to Brazil with the purpose of observing total solar eclipses it is possible to apprehend some patterns in the organization and textual accounts of these expeditions, which may reveal from an unexpected point of view the close interconnections existent between astronomy and society.
Abstract: It is well known that throughout the 19th century the Brazilian territory was frequently visited by scientific expeditions conducted by naturalists interested in seeing, studying, and eventually exploring its natural resources. This paper aims at examining another kind of scientific expeditions also frequent from the middle of the century until the beginning of the 20th century but rather neglected in historiography: the solar eclipse expeditions. Through the analysis of the reports produced by the astronomers who traveled to Brazil with the purpose of observing total solar eclipses it is possible to apprehend some patterns in the organization and textual accounts of these expeditions, which may reveal from an unexpected point of view the close interconnections existent between astronomy and society.
7 citations
TL;DR: A dinâmica da economia rural na Amazonia tem been observada by meio do fenomeno do desmatamento e avaliada basicamente pelos riscos ambientais e pelas desigualdades distributivas a isso associadas as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A dinâmica da economia rural na Amazonia tem sido observada por meio do fenomeno do desmatamento e avaliada basicamente pelos riscos ambientais e pelas desigualdades distributivas a isso associadas. Este artigo indica possibilidades de mudancas, ao tempo que demonstra os obstaculos a superar. Partindo da observacao da economia agraria da regiao como totalidade em movimento, situa os fundamentos dessa evolucao em seis trajetorias tecnologicas, explicitando as assimetrias de capacidade demonstradas entre elas no contexto de suas relacoes com as instituicoes presentes. Entre estas, dispensara foco especial nas mediacoes que garantem a producao e o mercado de terras.
TL;DR: The presente artigo as discussed by the authors refletir sobre as diferentes ideias that foram construidas pelo pensamento medico-cientifico sobre a natureza and a sociedade no estado do Amazonas, no periodo da Primeira Republica, em which se verificou o auge e o declinio da borracha.
Abstract: Nas duas primeiras decadas do seculo XX, as publicacoes de Euclides da Cunha, Alberto Rangel e Carlos Chagas sobre a Amazonia apresentaram, sob diferentes perspectivas, uma critica ao que consideravam visoes fantasiosas, originarias dos relatos de viagem dos naturalistas dos seculos XVIII e XIX. Como alternativa, propunham a analise da regiao sob a otica dos novos conhecimentos cientificos, que incluiam dominios diversos - da geologia a medicina tropical. Trabalhos recentes vem apontando a necessidade de maior investigacao sobre as instituicoes e praticas cientificas locais, tanto na elaboracao de ideias sobre a regiao como na definicao de politicas publicas. E nessa perspectiva que se propoe o presente artigo. Sua proposta consiste em refletir sobre as diferentes ideias que foram construidas pelo pensamento medico-cientifico sobre a natureza e a sociedade no estado do Amazonas, no periodo da Primeira Republica, em que se verificou o auge e o declinio da borracha. Considera-se que os medicos locais participaram ativamente dos debates cientificos proprios a medicina tropical e colocaram em pratica as principais teses sobre o combate e a profilaxia de endemias como a malaria e a febre amarela. Esse conjunto de ideias e praticas contribuiu para a definicao de acoes de saneamento da cidade de Manaus e do interior do Amazonas.
TL;DR: The Brazilian Institute for Education, Science, and Culture (IBECC) was created as National Commission of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Brazil, shortly after the end of the Second World War, with the purpose to foster projects in these areas as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Brazilian Institute for Education, Science, and Culture (IBECC) was created as National Commission of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Brazil, shortly after the end of the Second World War, with the purpose to foster projects in these areas. The paper analyzes the development of this project, particularly in Sao Paulo, where scientists and educators engaged in an innovative experiment promoting popularization of science and science education through exhibitions, competitions, production of educational materials and testing kits.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the livelihood strategies of land reform settlers and relationship between these settlers and their habitat (Settlement Project), understood as social space and space of natural resources.
Abstract: Nearly 38% of all families living in settlements of Brazilian land reform are in the Amazon. One of the problems is that large segments of the settlers do not fit into the target group of land reform and more than 50% of the allotments conceded by land reform already have been commercialized by the settlers - even before receiving the final land title. This paper is based upon field research carried on in the southeast of State of Para with the intention of analyzing the livelihood strategies of land reform settlers and relationship between these settlers and their habitat (Settlement Project), understood as social space and space of natural resources. The guiding questions of this inquiry are: which are the settlers' livelihood strategies? Are they sustainable? Which are the reasons of the settlers to leave the hamlet and commercialize their allotments? How is their relationship to the natural and social environment of the settlement? How do public policies interfere? Issues related to public goods and self-governed common-pool resources are very important to these questions. The social organization of the settlers, as well as the institutional guaranties given by the State are therefore the central axis of this article.
TL;DR: The article analyzes three Brazilian expeditions to Western Amazon whose mission was to demarcate the boundary between Brazil and Bolivia during the years 1895-1901 to seize the role of science in a negotiation that gave Brazil its actual territorial shape.
Abstract: The article analyzes three Brazilian expeditions to Western Amazon whose mission was to demarcate the boundary between Brazil and Bolivia during the years 1895-1901. The goal is to seize the role of science in a negotiation that gave to Brazil its actual territorial shape. In the point of view of history of science, the paper deals with a traditional topic of geopolitics - the formation of international borders - highlighting the intersection between institutionalization of science and the construction of nation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an introduction to the life and works of Giovanni Angelo Brunelli (1722-1804), a Bolognese astronomer that participated in the first Boundaries Demarcation Committee (1753 to 1761) between Portugal and Spain's South American possessions, serving the Portuguese Crown.
Abstract: The text presents an introduction to the life and works of Giovanni Angelo Brunelli (1722-1804), a Bolognese astronomer that participated in the first Boundaries Demarcation Committee (1753 to 1761) between Portugal and Spain's South American possessions, serving the Portuguese Crown. The three works of Brunelli about the Brazilian Amazonia are published, whose themes are the 'pororoca' (1767), the manioc (1767), and the Amazon River (1791). Two others documents related to the demarcation committee are also published: Brunelli's letter complaining about the coordination of cartographic works (1752) and the draft of the astronomer's travel diary to the Negro River (1754). All of these documents were translated to Portuguese, for the first time, from the Latin and Italian.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present aspects of the scientific production of three ilustrados who worked in South America: Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva (1763-1838), Jose Hipolito Unanue (1755-1833), and Damaso Antonio Larranaga (1771-1848).
Abstract: The paper presents aspects of the scientific production of three ilustrados who worked in South America: Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva (1763-1838), Jose Hipolito Unanue (1755-1833), and Damaso Antonio Larranaga (1771-1848). These naturalists, whose trajectories, territories and beliefs were different, built their particular version of Nature in America and contributed with their scientific work to the construction of American geohistory. They were chosen in this research by criteria of territorial dispersion and by different approaches about specific aspects of Earth Sciences – themes that up to now have not received full attention among Latin-American historians of sciences. This paper contends that these personalities built their own knowledge about ‘temperament’ (climate) and territories, and also used their scientific knowledge to implement political agenda for their respectives countries that were being conformed
TL;DR: Apos uma breve revisao bibliografica sobre arqueoastronomia e etnoastronomeia, o artigo analisa algumas obras do final do seculo XIX that trazem informacoes sobre a etnologia de indios brasileiros as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Apos uma breve revisao bibliografica sobre arqueoastronomia e etnoastronomia, o artigo analisa algumas obras do final do seculo XIX que trazem informacoes sobre a etnoastronomia de indios brasileiros. Estes relatos sao de autoria do naturalista canadense Charles Frederick Hartt (1840-1878) e do polimata brasileiro Jose Vieira Couto de Magalhaes (1837-1898). Embora moldados pelas cosmovisoes dos seus autores e pelas teorias cientificas da etnologia da epoca, registram uma pequena fracao dos sistemas de conhecimento indigenas sobre a natureza, seus mitos celestes, constelacoes e calendarios. Os autores sao contemporâneos e se corresponderam, mas registraram de forma independente alguns conhecimentos comuns aos povos que falavam uma lingua tupi.
TL;DR: The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine was started in June 1899 and two staff members, Herbert Edward Durham (1866-1945) and Walter Myers (1872-1901), traveled to Belem, in Brazil, to conduct research on yellow fever as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine was started in June 1899. The following year, two of its staff members, Herbert Edward Durham (1866-1945) and Walter Myers (1872-1901), traveled to Belem, in Brazil, to conduct research on yellow fever. During a stop-over in Havana, they had the opportunity to meet with U.S. scientists studying the disease there. Durham and Myers brought with them the hypothesis that yellow fever was transmitted by a host insect, much like malaria, whose transmission had recently been deciphered by British and Italian researchers. Yet in Brazil, they persisted in the hypothesis of a bacterial etiology, rather than adopting the breakthrough approach to yellow fever that had been made possible by the program in tropical medicine. This paradox can be explained by examining both Durham's and Myers' backgrounds, which were interwoven with that of another researcher, Alfredo Antunes Kanthack (1863-1898), who was born in Bahia and was one of the central protagonists in the institution of microbiology and immunology in England.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of pescarias in 16 comunidades do baixo Solimoes, Portugal, identified fatores that influenciam na magnitude e finalidade das pescaris, especialmente em pesqueiros de uso coletivo.
Abstract: Regioes de varzea apresentam alta produtividade biologica e sao habitadas por populacoes que praticam atividades agropesqueiras, baseadas no uso multiplo dos recursos. A economicidade do sistema conduz os ribeirinhos a apropriacao de territorios e a dependencia conjunta dos recursos ao estabelecimento de acordos internos, definindo-se criterios de acesso e intensidades de extracao. Este estudo, por meio de 244 entrevistas com pescadores e reunioes em 16 comunidades do baixo Solimoes, identificou fatores que influenciam na magnitude e finalidade das pescarias, especialmente em pesqueiros de uso coletivo, descrevendo mecanismos de apropriacao e conflitos. O trecho abriga dois sistemas de lagos de terra firme e um de lagos de varzea. Para pescarias de subsistencia e comercial, foram estimadas area, extensao e frequencia de uso por periodo do ano (seca/cheia). Cada comunidade explorou os ambientes de pesca de acordo com a proximidade e/ou acessibilidade, revelando uso dentro das delimitacoes territoriais, havendo sobreposicao naqueles explorados para subsistencia e comercio. Existem conflitos por pesca comercial, esportiva, com pescadores externos a comunidade e com fazendeiros. Nao existem proibicoes ou controle de acesso aos igapos, mas regras informais. Para o manejo integrado na area de estudo, sao propostos tres cenarios de atuacao, considerando a diversidade de ambientes e os interesses dos grupos envolvidos.
TL;DR: In this paper, anunciavam uma perspectiva "decadentista" sobre os indios, repercutiram nas acoes politicas que os envolveram no periodo e, ao mesmo tempo, impossibilitaram a percepcao da imensa variabilidade etnica existente no interior do Brazil.
Abstract: O artigo aborda a etnografia do Instituto Historico e Geografico Brasileiro (IHGB) em meados do seculo XIX, dando destaque a producao etnografica do socio da instituicao, Antonio Goncalves Dias. Chama a atencao para alguns aspectos que caracterizaram os estudos indigenas do momento: a visao dicotomica entre indios do passado e indios do presente que se desdobrava na percepcao dos grupos de origem tupi e os 'tapuias', conhecidos tambem como nao falantes do tupi ou indios do sertao; e a dependencia da disciplina etnografica do campo da historia, entao em pleno desenvolvimento no IHGB. Tais aspectos, que invariavelmente anunciavam uma perspectiva 'decadentista' sobre os indios, repercutiram nas acoes politicas que os envolveram no periodo e, ao mesmo tempo, impossibilitaram a percepcao da imensa variabilidade etnica existente no interior do Brasil, quando os intelectuais da instituicao seguiram em viagem as provincias do Norte. Nao obstante o anuncio constante do desaparecimento dos indios, algum legado dessa viagem permite entrever a riqueza do material coletado junto aquelas populacoes, que, sob formas distintas de presenca na atualidade, continuam a nos fornecer reflexoes sobre a complexidade da formacao nacional.
TL;DR: Theodor Koch-Grunberg (1872-1924) was a German anthropologist who made four visits to Brazil between 1896 and 1924, and who was especially noted for his writings about the Indians of the Rio Negro and Rio Branco, and the ethnographic collections, sound recordings, photography and films made during these journeys as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The article characterizes the ethnological theory and method of Theodor Koch-Grunberg (1872-1924), a German anthropologist who made four visits to Brazil between 1896 and 1924, and who was especially noted for his writings about the Indians of the Rio Negro and Rio Branco, and the ethnographic collections, sound recordings, photography and films made during these journeys. The author relates this documentary material with Koch-Grunberg's ethnographic project within the tradition of German Volkerkunde.
TL;DR: The article aims to analyze the trajectory of Manuel Arruda da Câmara (1752-1810), a reference in Botany and Medicine in the late 18th century, highlighting his vision of Brazilian nature.
Abstract: The article aims to analyze the trajectory of Manuel Arruda da Câmara (1752-1810), a reference in Botany and Medicine in the late 18th century, highlighting his vision of Brazilian nature. The most representative concepts of the Enlightenment, like the belief in the power of reason, the knowledge of nature, the ideas of happiness and progress were also evident in colonial Brazil. Natural History and its branches attracted the interest of scholars such as Manuel Arruda da Câmara, highlighting important studies about Botany and its relationship with other areas of knowledge like Medicine, Agriculture, and Chemistry. The impact of theories of inferiority and immaturity conferred to American nature in the second half of the 18th century by European thinkers such as Buffon and De Pauw, was also critical in formulating this knowledge. These theories predicated upon the assertion of a close organic connection between living creatures and nature, in a deterministic way. Learned men sought to respond these statements making studies that refuted the negative characterization of American continent. Thus it was important emphasize the potential and virtues of local nature.
TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion of the 1852 Amazonian travels and pictures of George Catlin (1796-1872) and their contribution to the knowledge of several Brazilian Indian tribes is presented.
Abstract: First presentation and Brazilian ethnohistory focused discussion of the 1852 Amazonian travels and pictures of George Catlin (1796-1872), and of their contribution to the knowledge of several Brazilian Indian tribes. The fame of Catlin in the U. S. depended on his previous North American hundreds of paintings, with no consideration of his later South American pictures and memoirs here described. Furthermore, Catlin is not even mentioned in Brazilian studies of XIXth century traveler artists. The relevant passages of his memoirs are here translated and some of his many Amazonian scenes and Indians portraits are reproduced.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A artigo as mentioned in this paper analisar os relatorios elaborados pelos medicos that participaram da Comissao de Linhas Telegraficas Estrategicas do Mato Grosso ao Amazonas (CLTEMTA), ou Comissão Rondon, that percorreu estes estados brasileiros entre 1907 e 1915.
Abstract: O artigo tem por objetivo analisar os relatorios elaborados pelos medicos que participaram da Comissao de Linhas Telegraficas Estrategicas do Mato Grosso ao Amazonas (CLTEMTA), ou Comissao Rondon, que percorreu estes estados brasileiros entre 1907 e 1915. A comissao tinha como meta a expansao do telegrafo ate as fronteiras do Brasil com a Bolivia e o Peru. A atividade construtora foi acompanhada, ainda, por estudos cientificos para a 'ocupacao produtiva' da regiao e por levantamentos medicos das localidades percorridas. Esses ultimos produziram uma interpretacao dos entao chamados 'sertoes do noroeste', na qual se destacava a onipresenca das doencas, como a malaria. A intencao e compreender o impacto provocado por esta doenca nos trabalhos da CLTEMTA. Nossa hipotese e a de que um dos seus principais efeitos foi a elaboracao de estudos medicos cada vez mais detalhados sobre as possiveis causas das doencas naquelas regioes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the performance of the positivist scientist Paulo Estevao Berredo Carneiro (1901-1982) in the Secretary of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce of Pernambuco (SAICP) in 1935.
Abstract: The article analyses the performance of the positivist scientist Paulo Estevao Berredo Carneiro (1901-1982) in the Secretary of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce of Pernambuco (SAICP) in 1935. His career was built in the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce (MAIC) during the 1920s and early 1930s, holding positions in scientific institutions and governmental agencies. Around 1930s Carneiro was invited by Lima Cavalcanti, Governor of Pernambuco State, to lead the SAICP. During his administration, he sought to implement policies for the rural areas based on a scientistic perspective. The analysis of Carneiro's performance in Pernambuco State distance ourselves of part of the literature about the history of positivism in Brazil, that conceives it as an ideology in decline since decade of 1910. The positivism creed, which credited to science and technique an important role for social progress was at once in several scientific and political spaces in 1920s and 1930s and gave the keynote to the policies implemented by Carneiro in the SAICP. Identifying himself as a technician who would have the task of leading reformists projects, his performance aroused criticism of local elites in a context of political radicalization and advance of authoritarianism of Getulio Vargas government. Positivism and its premises persisted in 1930s as a key to understand the social reformism of the period.