Showing papers in "Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America in 1972"
208 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Insecticide resistance in arthropods, Insecticide resistance on the basis of experimental data shows clear patterns of decline in the number of insecticide-resistant arthropod colonies.
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TL;DR: Pianka (1970), Gadgil and Solbrig (1972), and others have thoroughly reviewed and analyzed the concept of r- and K-selection as proposed by MacArthur and Wilson (1967) and found that r-strategists often exist in unpredictable environments, have high capacities for population increase (high r values), and are poor competitors, whereas K-Strategists exist in fairly constant environments.
Abstract: Pianka (1970), Gadgil and Solbrig (1972), and others have thoroughly reviewed and analyzed the concept of r- and K-selection as proposed by MacArthur and Wilson (1967). Pianka listed some of the attributes characteristic of r- and K-strategists. To mention the most important, r-strategists often exist in unpredictable environments, have high capacities for population increase (high r values), and are poor competitors, whereas K-strategists exist in fairly constant environments, have relatively low capacities for population increase, and are good competitors. Pianka also categorized vertebrates as being relatively K-selected and most of the insects and other terrestrial invertebrates as being relatively r-selected. Other workers (e.g., Gadgil and Bossert 1970) suggested that r-strategists exist in environments where resources are readily available, K-strategists in environments where they are not. Still others (e.g., King and Anderson 1971) considered the genetic aspects of r- and K-selection in relation to constant and variable environments.
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TL;DR: The earliest use of the term “integrated control,” at least in its pest control sense, dates from June of 1954 (Smith and Allen, 1954), and the history of integrated control would appear to have spanned little more than 17 years.
Abstract: The earliest use of the term “integrated control,” at least in its pest control sense, dates from June of 1954 (Smith and Allen, 1954). Thus, the history of integrated control would appear to have spanned little more than 17 years. Until now, most discussions of the origins of integrated control have emphasized the over-dependence on and the over-use of chemical pesticides subsequent to World War II and the unfortunate and unfavorable consequences which resulted from the use of these chemicals. These unfavorable consequences involved particularly the development of insect populations resistant to pesticides, undesirable residue levels on food crops, impact on wildlife, the rapid resurgence of target pest populations following treatment, and outbreaks of unleashed secondary pests (Smith and Reynolds, 1971). All of these repercussions and the steps taken to adjust for them cumulated in excessively high costs for plant protection. Then as the story goes, this series of unsavory events was coupled with the wisdom of a few omniscient soothsayers; and integrated control came into the world. Another somewhat different account of the historical development of integrated control as related by one of our British friends describes it as a mixture of “idealism, evangelism, pursuit of fashion, fund-raising and even empire-building. The movement has indeed acquired the impetus and character of a religious revival … ” (Price-Jones, 1970).
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TL;DR: The associated research effort stimulated by the continuing severe economic losses inflicted by this insect has generated a large number of papers since the author's most recent bibliography (Cothran 1968), suggesting the need for this updated compilation of the literature.
Abstract: With the detection of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), in Florida (Mead 1970) and Minnesota (Flaskerd 1970) its distribution in this country now includes portions of all the 48 conterminous United States (see distribution map USDA 1972). The associated research effort stimulated by the continuing severe economic losses inflicted by this insect has generated a large number of papers since the author's most recent bibliography (Cothran 1968), suggesting the need for this updated compilation of the literature.
TL;DR: In the early stages of the campaign, long-lasting insecticides (heptachlor and dieldrin) were used in early stages, but the development of mirex bait and its adoption as the standard control in the early 1960's eliminated the need for these insecticides in the large-scale control program.
Abstract: In 1957 the United States Congress established a cooperative Federal-State program which had as its objective the control and containment of the imported fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima richteri Forel, within the limits of its distribution at that time. Long-lasting insecticides (heptachlor and dieldrin) were used in the early stages of the campaign, but the development of mirex bait (Lofgren et al. 1963, 1964; Stringer et al. 1964) and its adoption as the standard control in the early 1960's eliminated the need for these insecticides in the large-scale control program.
TL;DR: In fact, once upon a time we lived in an orderly world in which change occurred so benevolently it was called progress as discussed by the authors, and filling in all the cracks between constituted authorities were reason and common sense.
Abstract: “Once upon a time all life seemed to be in harmony with its surroundings. In fact, once upon a time we lived in an orderly world in which change occurred so benevolently it was called progress. There was a place and time for everything. Six days for work and one for being told the meaning of work. The professor and pastor spoke without hesitation. Dad and mom told us what good boys and girls did (or mostly didn't do). The newspaper told it like it was. Uncle Sam could be trusted to make the world safe for democracy. And filling in all the cracks between constituted authorities were reason and common sense.”
TL;DR: Last year, as ESA President, the first topic I worked on, and later abandoned as too specialized, was the status and needs of the study of immature insects.
Abstract: Last year, as ESA President I had the obligation of presenting a presidential address at the Miami meetings. The first topic I worked on, and later abandoned as too specialized, was the status and needs of the study of immature insects. This subject seems much more appropriate for a group such as this.
TL;DR: The green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), is an endemic species, presumed a pest of most economic legumes in the eastern two-thirds of the United States.
Abstract: The green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), is an endemic species, presumed a pest of most economic legumes in the eastern two-thirds of the United States. Particularly, the species has attracted much attention as a foliage feeder of soybean, with reports of extensive damage to soybean occurring in 1919, 1931, 1944, 1955, 1957, 1966, and 1968.
TL;DR: In forage crops, insect resistant varieties are especially appropriate and promising because of the relatively high cost of chemical applications, comparatively low acreage value of forages, and the possibility of insecticide residues.
Abstract: Crop varieties resistant to insect attack provide the ideal solution to insect control. Their use is effective, economical, without insecticide hazards, and the protection often lasts for many years. In forage crops, insect resistant varieties are especially appropriate and promising because of the relatively high cost of chemical applications, comparatively low acreage value of forages, and the possibility of insecticide residues.
TL;DR: Tentative methods for detection of insecticide resistance in Diabrotica and Hypera beetles were published in the “Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America,” Volume 16, No. 3, 1970 and efforts have continued since that date to test and finalize tentative methods.
Abstract: Tentative methods for detection of insecticide resistance in Diabrotica and Hypera beetles were published in the “Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America,” Volume 16, No. 3, pp 147–153, 1970. Conference participants were listed in above citation. Efforts have continued since that date to test and finalize tentative methods.
TL;DR: The green bug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), on sorghum in the United States has spurred a great deal of renewed interest in an insect that Rondani (1852) first described in Italy.
Abstract: Recent outbreaks of the green bug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), on sorghum in the United States have spurred a great deal of renewed interest in an insect that Rondani (1852) first described in Italy. S. graminum first entered the United States from Europe ca. 1882 (Hunter 1909). Until recently, the species was primarily recognized as a pest of small grains, although earlier references indicate that it has long been associated with sorghum. Since 1968, the insect has caused widespread damage to grain sorghum in the United States and apparently has become well established on the crop. Harvey and Hackerott (1969) designated the sorghum greenbug as a biotype C of S. graminum .
TL;DR: The insect collection of Texas A&M University is a relatively young one compared to many university-affiliated collections in the United States, but there was no immediate follow-up on the activity after Sanderson's departure.
Abstract: The insect collection of Texas A&M University is a relatively young one compared to many university-affiliated collections in the United States. According to Little (1960), this collection was started by E. D. Sanderson sometime during the period from 1902 to 1904. Although this beginning at developing a collection was made at a fairly early date, there was no immediate follow-up on the activity after Sanderson's departure. Many years passed before a serious attempt was made to build a comprehensive collection of insects at Texas A&M.
TL;DR: The rare first edition of Doyle (1912), obtained for me through the good offices of Geoffroy Dempsey, Esq., to whom I am much indebted, is now deposited in the Rare Book Section of the Hoogstraal Library on Ticks and Tickborne Diseases in the Rocky Mountain Laboratory.
Abstract: The rare first edition of Doyle (1912), obtained for me through the good offices of Geoffroy Dempsey, Esq., to whom I am much indebted, is now deposited in the Rare Book Section of the Hoogstraal Library on Ticks and Tickborne Diseases in the Rocky Mountain Laboratory. This book contains the following report on a nomen nudum, Ixodes maloni , (p. 162–164) which has been overlooked in scientific literature: