Showing papers in "California Agriculture in 1990"
TL;DR: A strategy of slightly deeper water, no draining, and lower grass herbicide rates can help rice growers maintain weed control and sustain high yields while lowering the economic and runoff costs of herbicides.
Abstract: A strategy of slightly deeper water, no draining, and lower grass herbicide rates can help rice growers maintain weed control and sustain high yields while lowering the economic and runoff costs of herbicides.
61 citations
TL;DR: Ash whitefly has spread over a large portion of California since the initial infestation was discovered in Los Angeles County in 1988 and the best hope for control appears to be natural enemies: a parasitic wasp and a predatory beetle have been introduced and are being evaluated.
Abstract: Ash whitefly has spread over a large portion of California since the initial infestation was discovered in Los Angeles County in 1988. Populations have grown to high densities on a wide range of host plants, including ash, pear, apple, citrus, and other landscape and fruit trees. The best hope for control appears to be natural enemies: a parasitic wasp and a predatory beetle have been introduced and are being evaluated.
34 citations
TL;DR: In northern California, the western black-legged tick is considered the primary vector of the spirochete that causes Lyme disease and that tick and the Pacific Coast tick also can be carriers of several other diseases.
Abstract: In northern California, the western black-legged tick is considered the primary vector of the spirochete that causes Lyme disease. That tick and the Pacific Coast tick also can be carriers of several other diseases. In one study to learn when humans and other animals are at greatest risk of exposure, adults of both tick species were found to be most abundant during the cooler seasons.
26 citations
TL;DR: Measuring the efficiency of a subsurface irrigation drainage system is complicated by a number of factors, including the irrigation water'sSalinity, the soil's inherent salinity, and the degree to which saline drainwater migrates laterally in a shallow water table.
Abstract: Measuring the efficiency of a subsurface irrigation drainage system is complicated by a number of factors, including the irrigation water's salinity, the soil's inherent salinity, and the degree to which saline drainwater migrates laterally in a shallow water table.
24 citations
TL;DR: Variations in management practices on dairies in central and southern California have resulted in some differences in fly breeding sites Sanitation will have to be a focus of fly control efforts in the future on all Dairies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Variations in management practices on dairies in central and southern California have resulted in some differences in fly breeding sites Sanitation will have to be a focus of fly control efforts in the future on all dairies
23 citations
TL;DR: Ideal preprocessing storage for fresh, green ‘Manzanillo’ olives is at 41° to 45° F (5° to 7.5°C) and 90 to 95% relative humidity, with no significant loss in quality.
Abstract: Ideal preprocessing storage for fresh, green ‘Manzanillo’ olives is at 41° to 45° F (5° to 7.5°C) and 90 to 95% relative humidity. Under these conditions, the olives can be stored for 6 to 8 weeks in air, or 9 to 12 weeks in a 2% oxygen atmosphere with no significant loss in quality.
23 citations
Journal Article•
22 citations
TL;DR: Six-year-old eucalyptus trees were harvested, chipped, and delivered to an electric power plant at costs exceeded the value of the chips, but costs could be reduced if bigger trees were harvesting, more acres were cut, and the stand were closer to the power plant.
Abstract: Six-year-old eucalyptus trees were harvested, chipped, and delivered to an electric power plant. Costs exceeded the value of the chips. Expenses could be reduced if bigger trees were harvested, more acres were cut, and the stand were closer to the power plant.
22 citations
TL;DR: Biological control with predaceous mites may be a viable option when dealing with this difficult pest of field and greenhouse crops.
Abstract: Western flower thrips is an increasingly important pest of field and greenhouse crops. Biological control with predaceous mites may be a viable option when dealing with this difficult pest.
21 citations
TL;DR: A new race of downy mildew is threatening spinach in several California and Texas growing areas and two fungicides, metalaxyl and Aliett, may help control the disease.
Abstract: A new race of downy mildew is threatening spinach in several California and Texas growing areas. Two fungicides, metalaxyl and Aliett, may help control the disease.
18 citations
TL;DR: A 3-year study of wildlife-habitat relationships in the oak woodlands of California's Sierra foothills found a wide range of species directly related to the diversity of habitats provided by oak woodland.
Abstract: A 3-year study of wildlife-habitat relationships in the oak woodlands of California's Sierra foothills found a wide range of species This was directly related to the diversity of habitats provided by oak woodlands
TL;DR: Converting to a certified organic strawberry production system takes time and growers must monitor the long-term consequences of new production factors and evaluate new cultural techniques.
Abstract: Converting to a certified organic strawberry production system takes time. Growers must monitor the long-term consequences of new production factors and evaluate new cultural techniques.
TL;DR: CALEX/Cotton is a user-friendly computer program that simulates human problem-solving behavior that Growers can use to help manage crop production or predict the effects of any one decision on subsequent events.
Abstract: CALEX/Cotton is a user-friendly computer program that simulates human problem-solving behavior. Growers can use this system to help manage crop production or predict the effects of any one decision on subsequent events. In 7990, more than 700 cotton producers have taken advantage of the CALEW Cotton computer program.
TL;DR: Pine resin midges feed on fresh resin in wounds on Christmas trees, and growers perceive this as a problem, but insecticide treatments are unwarranted — partly because they do not provide effective control.
Abstract: Pine resin midges feed on fresh resin in wounds on Christmas trees. Though some growers perceive this as a problem, insecticide treatments are unwarranted — partly because they do not provide effective control, but mostly because consumers do not consider resin midge damage when they choose Christmas trees.
TL;DR: Leaf removal can effectively manage Botrytis bunch rot and the “summer bunch rot complex” of wine grapes in the San Joaquin Valley and coastal growing areas.
Abstract: Leaf removal can effectively manage Botrytis bunch rot and the “summer bunch rot complex” of wine grapes in the San Joaquin Valley and coastal growing areas. The practice may help manage such insect pests as leaf hoppers. Producers have sdopted leaf removal as a routine cultural practice, especially where high-value, premium varietals are grown.
TL;DR: Granulosis virus disease of western grapeleaf skeletonizer acts much like a classical biological control agent and eggs are reduced and larval mortality is very high.
Abstract: Granulosis virus disease of western grapeleaf skeletonizer acts much like a classical biological control agent. Infected males transmit the disease to healthy females during mating, and infected females transmit it to their offspring. Egg production is reduced and larval mortality is very high.
TL;DR: The likelihood of global warming and its potential consequences are major concerns to global climate researchers, government officials, and members of the public as mentioned in this paper, and various publications have considered the effects of higher global temperatures on ocean levels, rainfall, and other climatic variables.
Abstract: The likelihood of global warming and its potential consequences are major concerns to global climate researchers, government officials, and members of the public. Conferences, workshops, and various publications have considered the effects of higher global temperatures on ocean levels, rainfall, and other climatic variables.
TL;DR: A 20-year photographic record shows that grazing by deer and cattle can maintain forage after brush clearing.
Abstract: A 20-year photographic record shows that grazing by deer and cattle can maintain forage after brush clearing.
TL;DR: A February 1989 survey indicated the 1986 law had not yet affected crop production, wages, or employment.
Abstract: A February 1989 survey indicated the 1986 law had not yet affected crop production, wages, or employment.
TL;DR: The authors showed that workers' wages paid to hired workers make up the single largest production expense for California crop and livestock farmers, and they rose 11% between 1984 and 1988, and labor contractor employment is becoming fragmented among smaller contractors.
Abstract: Wages paid to hired workers make up the single largest production expense for California crop and livestock farmers, and they rose 11% between 1984 and 1988. Crop and livestock employment is becoming concentrated on fewer, larger farms, and labor contractor employment is becoming fragmented among smaller contractors.
TL;DR: Sweet sorghum does well in much of California and Cultivars were tested that showed a potential for producing from 475 to 575 gallons of ethanol per acre.
Abstract: Sweet sorghum does well in much of California. Cultivars were tested that showed a potential for producing from 475 to 575 gallons of ethanol per acre.
TL;DR: Controlling populations of blood-feeding gnats that spread bluetongue virus by voiding shallow evaporation beds, changing water levels weekly, and keeping manure pollution below 300 to 400 milligrams COD per liter will help control gnats.
Abstract: Surveys and experiments in dairy wastewater ponds showed that pond design and management affect populations of blood-feeding gnats that spread bluetongue virus. A voiding shallow evaporation beds, changing water levels weekly, and keeping manure pollution below 300 to 400 milligrams COD per liter will help control gnats.
TL;DR: Though they are the workers' certified bargaining representatives on 725 farms, unions are finding it harder to turn their election victories into contracts that will raise member wages.
Abstract: Six unions today cover 12,400 farmworker jobs on 258 California farms, a sharp decrease from the numbers of the early 1980s. Though they are the workers' certified bargaining representatives on 725 farms, unions are finding it harder to turn their election victories into contracts that will raise member wages.
TL;DR: IPM practices for almond insect management are now used by most growers, and have reduced California's annual pesticide bill by an estimated $4.1 million.
Abstract: Almond pest control was an early focus for UC IPM researchers. That work continues today. IPM practices for almond insect management are now used by most growers, and have reduced California's annual pesticide bill by an estimated $4.1 million.
TL;DR: A study found that summer defoliation had little short-term effect on growth or survival, suggesting that blue oaks are well adapted to withstand periodic droughts.
Abstract: Many blue oaks in California lost their leaves early in 1987 and 1988 after prolonged periods of low rainfall. A study found that summer defoliation had little short-term effect on growth or survival, suggesting that blue oaks are well adapted to withstand periodic droughts.
TL;DR: Research on egg distribution and treatment levels for the tomato fruitworm led to a set of monitoring guidelines, which were demonstrated in parts of the Sacramento Valley.
Abstract: Research on egg distribution and treatment levels for the tomato fruitworm led to a set of monitoring guidelines, which were demonstrated in parts of the Sacramento Valley. Evaluation of this program documents grower adoption and an impact on insecticide use.
TL;DR: Replacing part of a dairy cow's alfalfa forage with cereal silage in early lactation did not alter milk production, but the cow's dry matter intake was reduced, because the more mature the cereal was when harvested as hay, the less digestible it became.
Abstract: Replacing part of a dairy cow's alfalfa forage with cereal silage in early lactation did not alter milk production, but the cow's dry matter intake was reduced. The more mature the cereal was when harvested as hay, the less digestible it became. Cereal silage can be used successfully in lactation rations if harvested at an early maturity.
TL;DR: Trials in Ventura and Tulare counties now establish that skirt-pruning can significantly reduce Phytophthora brown rot damage to lemon fruit without harming fruit yields.
Abstract: Trials in Ventura and Tulare counties now establish that skirt-pruning can significantly reduce Phytophthora brown rot damage to lemon fruit without harming fruit yields.
TL;DR: An independent review of research funded by UC IPM in its first ten years provides evidence of a successful program with practical impact on pest management practices and suggests some research projects have led to reductions in pesticide use.
Abstract: An independent review of research funded by UC IPM in its first ten years provides evidence of a successful program with practical impact on pest management practices. The review also suggests that some research projects have led to reductions in pesticide use.
TL;DR: Infestations of this introduced pest have spread to at least 17 locations in three California counties and localized control may be possible by surveying for infestations, inspecting cargo vehicles, applying chemicals, and trapping.
Abstract: Infestations of this introduced pest have spread to at least 17 locations in three California counties. Localized control may be possible by surveying for infestations, inspecting cargo vehicles, applying chemicals, and trapping.