Showing papers in "Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences in 1985"
TL;DR: Otolith microstructure examination has found an increasing number of applications in recent years, but few workers have critically assessed the assumptions upon which the age and growth of the structure is based.
Abstract: Otolith microstructure examination has found an increasing number of applications in recent years. However, few workers have critically assessed the assumptions upon which the age and growth infere...
1,392 citations
TL;DR: Here I quantitatively review the literature on how fish gill morphology is affected by chemical and physical irritants in the surrounding water.
Abstract: Here I quantitatively review the literature on how fish gill morphology is affected by chemical and physical irritants in the surrounding water (e.g. various toxicants, extremes of temperature or p...
996 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, four significant areas of thought, including the holistic approach, the linkage between streams and their terrestrial setting, material cycling in open systems, biotic interactions and in...
Abstract: Four significant areas of thought, (1) the holistic approach, (2) the linkage between streams and their terrestrial setting, (3) material cycling in open systems, and (4) biotic interactions and in...
567 citations
TL;DR: Equ equations for calculating dry weight from body length for 14 common and widely distributed taxa of crustacean zooplankters are presented, generated by regression from weights of individuals.
Abstract: We present equations for calculating dry weight from body length for 14 common and widely distributed taxa of crustacean zooplankters; these were generated by regression from weights of individuals...
467 citations
TL;DR: A pH-dependent biological response is documented over a realistic range of H+ and metal concealing surfaces, and supporting experimental evidence exists for four metals.
Abstract: Acidification of freshwaters can in principle influence metal–organism interactions in at least two ways: the decrease in pH may affect metal speciation in solution, or it may affect biological sen...
464 citations
TL;DR: Changes in maximum angiosperm biomass were, however, not correlated with Secchi depth, suggesting that while the depth distribution of aquatic macrophyte communities is primarily controlled by irradiance, environmental parameters...
Abstract: Using original data from eight lakes in southern Quebec and literature values from other fakes throughout the world, regression models were developed that allow prediction of the maximum depth of m...
431 citations
TL;DR: The use of catch-at-age data for estimating population abundance, productivity, and year-class abundance was examined in this article, where various published models and new models were compared.
Abstract: We examined the use of catch-at-age data for estimating population abundance, productivity, and year-class abundance. A review section is included where various published models and our new models ...
390 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the causes and consequences of individual variation in catch in a commercial purse seine fishery and a recreational hook and line fishery, and found that the catch is highly concentrated in the recreational fishery with a small proportion of frequent anglers catching a large portion of the fish.
Abstract: Most fisheries problems arise from a failure to understand and manage fishermen, and that the study of fishermen should be a major part of fisheries research. The dynamic behavior of fishing fleets can be broken into four components: investment, movement, catching power, and discarding. The literature in each area is reviewed and the needed research described. The second part of this paper examines the causes and consequences of individual variation in catch in a commercial purse seine fishery and a recreational hook and line fishery. It is shown that the catch is highly concentrated in the recreational fishery with a small proportion of frequent anglers catching a large portion of the fish. Catch is more equitably distributed in the purse seine fishery. The consequence of individual variation includes the observation that small annual bag limits in the sport fishery could reduce the total catch significantly while leaving most anglers unaffected and the fact that buy back of the most successful vessels w...
306 citations
TL;DR: The River Continuum Concept (RCC) as discussed by the authors is a generalized conceptual framework for characterization of pristine running water ecosystems, and it has been used extensively in the field of water ecology.
Abstract: The River Continuum Concept (RCC) is a generalized conceptual framework for characterization of pristine running water ecosystems. Of the numerous tenets of the concept we particularly reevaluated ...
263 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a basic method for the isolation of viable fish hepatocytes, reviews specifically the literature available on hepatic function and adaptation using the preparation, and examines those areas where this preparation could contribute to the understanding of basic and applied fisheries biology.
Abstract: The hepatocyte or liver cell preparation is a standard metabolic model in mammalian physiology/biochemistry. This paper presents a basic method for the isolation of viable fish hepatocytes, reviews specifically the literature available on hepatic function and adaptation using the preparation, and examines those areas where this preparation could contribute to our understanding of basic and applied fisheries biology. Viable liver cells are prepared by collagenase perfusion and collected by low-speed centrifugation. Buffered salines employed for cell isolation must be consistent with the normal plasma constituents of the species. Recent studies have established that a variety of fish hepatocytes remain metabolically active in suspension and perform a variety of anabolic tasks, including gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, ketogenesis, sterol biosynthesis, synthesis of export and mitochondrial proteins, and nucleic acid biosynthesis. New techniques, including cell culture, will provide biologists with a tool to st...
232 citations
TL;DR: It is found that simple production models should often be used in stock assessments based on catch/effort data, even when more realistic and structurally correct models are available to the analyst; the best choice depends on how much contrast has occurred in the historical effort and catch per unit effort data.
Abstract: Simulated data have been used to evaluate the performance of schemes for estimating optimum fishing effort using a simple stock-production model and R. B. Deriso's age-structured model Even when th...
TL;DR: There was a highly significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance for the samples from the Atlantic suggesting that a substantial gene flow has occurred between these stocks with geographic distance being an inhibiting factor.
Abstract: The amount of genetic differentiation between stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was estimated from electrophoretically detectable protein loci expressed in skeletal muscle and liver. Variant al...
TL;DR: A general theory for analysis of catch and effort data from a fishery, based on natural equations for an age structured population, that can be tailored to any particular fishery.
Abstract: This paper presents a general theory for analysis of catch and effort data from a fishery. Almost all previous methods are shown to be special cases, including those of Schaefer, Pella and Tomlinso...
TL;DR: Fluctuations and vertical gradients of particulate organic matter (POM, as indicated by chlorophyll a and phaeopigments) concentration over an intertidal mussel bed were studied over fortnightly intervals.
Abstract: Fluctuations and vertical gradients of particulate organic matter (POM, as indicated by chlorophyll a and phaeopigments) concentration over an intertidal mussel bed were studied over fortnightly ti...
TL;DR: A review and reanalysis of the published literature show that several assumptions are violated in the application of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) without consideration of the implications of so doing.
Abstract: A review and reanalysis of the published literature show that several assumptions are violated in the application of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) without consideration of the im...
TL;DR: It appears external and surgically tagged perch contracted serious fungal infections during a 45-d survival study; however, few disease and no survival problems among tagged and untagged rainbow trout were noted up to 21 d.
Abstract: Implicit in biotelemetry studies is the assumption that transmitter attachment does not affect fish behavior or performance. We conducted experiments to determine effects of external, surgical, and...
TL;DR: Most British Columbia herring begin sexual maturation in the late summer and become sexually mature in the subsequent March or April as mentioned in this paper, and most stocks migrate from summer feeding grounds to winter feeding grounds.
Abstract: Most British Columbia herring begin sexual maturation in the late summer and become sexually mature in the subsequent March or April. As they mature, most stocks migrate from summer feeding grounds...
TL;DR: It is concluded that mussels from the bed were food limited, and flesh dry weight was sensitive to treatment effects, but not shell growth.
Abstract: The hypothesis that depletion of organic particles near the sediment limits the growth of benthic suspension feeders was tested. In situ growth of Mytilus edulis L. was significantly depressed at t...
TL;DR: Using multiple regression models the authors tested if water temperature, water flow, cloudiness, and lunar cycle were significantly correlated with the timing of the yearly descent of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in the Norwegian Imsa River, 1976–83.
Abstract: Using multiple regression models we tested if water temperature, water flow, cloudiness, and lunar cycle were significantly correlated with the timing of the yearly descent of Atlantic salmon (Salm...
TL;DR: The territorial, gill-flaring, and feeding behavior of juvenile coho salmon in a laboratory stream was disrupted by short-term exposure to suspended sediment pulses, and fitness of salmonid populations exposed to short- term pulses of suspended sediment may be impaired.
Abstract: The territorial, gill-flaring, and feeding behavior of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in a laboratory stream was disrupted by short-term exposure to suspended sediment pulses. At the h...
TL;DR: Aggression (nipping) is responsible for the dorsal fin damage commonly observed in hatchery-reared salmonids and it is suggested that juvenile steelhead adjust their fighting tactics in response to opponent behavior.
Abstract: Nipping is a potentially damaging aggressive behavior of juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). By analyzing videotaped interactions of pairs of fish we determined where nips were aimed and wh...
TL;DR: Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) are winter–spring spawners which exhibit a south to north latitudinal dine in spawning time, and Atlantic herring consist of both winter– spring and summer–autumn spawning groups characterized in the northeast Atlantic by oceanic, shelf, and coastal populations.
Abstract: Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) are winter–spring spawners which exhibit a south to north latitudinal dine in spawning time. In the eastern Pacific, major spawning populations are concent...
TL;DR: A pattern of increasing lipid content during spring was observed for P. hoyi, chironomids, and M. relicta, but seasonal changes were not apparent for oligochaetes.
Abstract: Lipids in several taxa of macroinvertebrates from Lake Michigan were determined seasonally to help define the role of these animals in transferring energy in the lake. Ranges of mean lipid content relative to ash-free dry weight (AFDW) throughout the year were as follows: amphipods (Pontoporeia hoyi), 21–54%; lumbriculid oligochaetes (Stylodrilus heringianus), 12–19%; tubificid oligochaetes, 9–22%; chironomid larvae, 9–39%; and Mysis relicta, 26–37%. A pattern of increasing lipid content during spring was observed for P. hoyi, chironomids, and M. relicta, but seasonal changes were not apparent for oligochaetes. Excluding M. relicta, P. hoyi accounted for about 65% of the biomass and 70% of the energy contained in southern Lake Michigan benthic macroinvertebrates and may assimilate up to 30% of the total bioavailable organic detritus settling into the offshore hypolimnion. Calculation of the predation loss rate (production rate minus nonpredatory death rate) of P. hoyi indicated that about 13 000 cal∙m−2 (...
TL;DR: In this article, the accuracy, precision, and cost efficiency of estimation techniques for macrophyte standing biomass are examined, and solutions are offered to problems encountered in the design of efficient standing biomass estimation techniques.
Abstract: The accuracy, precision, and cost-efficiency of estimation techniques for macrophyte standing biomass are examined, and solutions are offered to problems encountered in the design of efficient samp...
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that smolt size changes in fertilized lakes will lead to increases in the harvestable surplus of sockeye adults by promoting both increases in marine survival and an earlier age-at-return to the fishery.
Abstract: Addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer to several British Columbia coastal lakes has resulted in increased autotrophic and heterotrophic production and larger standing stocks of zooplankton...
TL;DR: The authors incubated eggs and alevins for five chum salmon families in each of three female size classes under controlled water temperatures of 4, 8, and 12 °C to study egg survival from fertilisation.
Abstract: We incubated eggs and alevins for five chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) families in each of three female size classes under controlled water temperatures of 4, 8, and 12 °C. Egg survival from fertil...
TL;DR: Ringed seals were most numerous in Barrow Strait and Wellington Channel, their density decreasing westward and northward, and bearded seals were seen in low numbers in early-opening areas, preferring floe or rotten ice of moderate or low cover over shallow water.
Abstract: Surveys of hauled-out ringed seals (Phoca hispida) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) were flown in 1980 and 1981 over Jones Sound, the Sverdrup Basin, the channels between the Parry Islands, ...
TL;DR: In this paper, an initial 1- to 2-h exposure of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to 2.8 µm inorganic aluminum caused increased ventilation and activity responses ranging from slight to severe depending on the ambient pH.
Abstract: An initial 1- to 2-h exposure of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to 2.8 μM (= μmol∙L−1) inorganic aluminum caused increased ventilation and activity responses ranging from slight to severe depending on the ambient pH. The severity of physiological response after 6–11 d of exposure was similar to that of the initial response. This was severe at pH 6.1, 4.5, and 4.0, slight to moderate at pH 5.0 and 5.5, but minimal at pH 6.5. In the severe response groups, 40–90% of the fish died after a few days of exposure. Death was due primarily to hypoxia at pH 6.1 and to electrolyte loss at pH 4.5 and 4.0. Between pH 5.5 and 5.0 there was a transition between the two mechanisms. With 8–10 mg natural organic acids∙L−1 the response to the same concentration of inorganic aluminum was unchanged at pH 5.0 but was slightly increased at pH 4.5. Fish kills of salmonids that have occurred in South Norway could have been predicted from these results. In North America the presence of refuge areas and the prevalence of ...
TL;DR: Burst swimming tests, using both wild and laboratory-reared juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, from three streams, indicated that in the first few hundredths of a second of a "fast-start" the coastal juveniles attain greater burst velocities than similar sized interior juveniles.
Abstract: Burst swimming tests, using both wild and laboratory-reared juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, from three streams (two south coastal British Columbia and one interior), indicated that in t...
TL;DR: It is suggested that at summer temperatures, food abundance overrides cover in determining the abundance and microhabitat distribution of adult cutthroat trout within a stream.
Abstract: Emigration of wild cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) from laboratory channels over 1-wk trial periods was greater under conditions of low than high food abundance (5 vs. 15% of total trout biomass dai...