Showing papers in "Canadian Journal of Microbiology in 1970"
TL;DR: The number of bacteria decreased in a linear fashion with depth but no relation was found between the numbers obtained by direct microscopy and those by plate counting, but each of the methods showed a high relationship between the size of the bacterial population present at each depth on the differe...
Abstract: Quantitative recoveries of bacteria added to a number of soils were obtained using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as a stain. Enzyme fluorescence, using fluorescein diacetate or dibutyrate, coul...
300 citations
TL;DR: A conical glass V-fermenter for plant cell suspension cultures is described that has proved useful for the production of biomass and metabolic products and is ideally suited for renewable energy needs.
Abstract: A conical glass V-fermenter for plant cell suspension cultures is described. This V-fermenter has proved useful for the production of biomass and metabolic products. It also is ideally suited for t...
95 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that liberation of organic acids in the culture media helps solubilize phosphates is supported, and it is suggested that these fungi commonly encountered in forest tree seedbeds are antagonists of these fungi.
Abstract: Phosphate (tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and fluorapatite) solubilizing potential of several fungi, commonly encountered in forest tree seedbeds, was evaluated in vitro. Of the several fungi tested, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Cylindrocladium sp., and Penicillium sp. showed significant solubilization of all three phosphatic compounds tested. Damping-off fungi, viz. species of Pythium and Rhizoctonia, failed to degrade any of the phosphatic compounds tested. Conversely, the antagonists of these fungi used most of the phosphate compounds and sporulated abundantly.Data from the present study support the hypothesis that liberation of organic acids in the culture media helps solubilize phosphates.
93 citations
TL;DR: Features of 378 clinical isolates of saccharolytic, nonfermentative Gram-negative rods and 20 reference strains were examined and all but four of the clinical strains were assigned to recognized taxa.
Abstract: Features of 378 clinical isolates of saccharolytic, nonfermentative Gram-negative rods and 20 reference strains were examined. All but four of the clinical strains were assigned to recognized taxa,...
90 citations
TL;DR: The soil muramic acid levels are about 100- to 1000-fold greater than can be accounted for by a platable bacterial population in soil, but are compatible with other estimates of total bacterial soil numbers.
Abstract: Evidence indicative of the presence of muramic acid in soil was demonstrated. Muramic acid values ranging from 0 to 150 μg/g dry weight of soil were obtained for 33 different soil samples. Comparis...
90 citations
TL;DR: The cellulase activity of compost increased 10-fold at a logarithmic rate while the cellulose content decreased 50% in the open windrow method of municipal solid waste composting.
Abstract: A study was made of the open windrow method of municipal solid waste composting as related to those factors that might influence cellulose decomposition. Composting temperatures reached a maximum (...
87 citations
TL;DR: Substitution of a chromosome pair from Apex, a variety of spring wheat relatively resistant to common root rot, for the corresponding chromosome of S-615, a highly susceptible variety changed the rhizosphere microflora qualitatively and quantitatively.
Abstract: Substitution of a chromosome pair (5B) from Apex (A), a variety of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) relatively resistant to common root rot (primarily Cochliobolus sativus), for the corresponding chromosome of S-615 (S), a highly susceptible variety, changed the rhizosphere microflora qualitatively and quantitatively. Microbial analyses of the parental varieties, the substitution line (S-A5B), and non-rhizosphere soil included estimates of total microbial populations and physiological and nutritional groupings. In all characteristics a typical rhizosphere effect was evident, and significant differences were found between the different rhizospheres. In most characteristics the rhizosphere microflora of the substitution line was significantly different from either parent. The incidence of rhizosphere bacteria antagonistic to C. sativus was the most notable exception. Twenty percent of the rhizosphere isolates from both Apex and the resistant substitution line S-A5B were antagonistic to C. sativus. None of t...
82 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, 14C-labeled chloramphenicol was added to 14C labeled cultures of Streptomyces strain 13s, and radioactive p-nitrophenylserinol was added.
Abstract: When 14C-labeled chloramphenicol was added to chloramphenicol-producing cultures of Streptomyces strain 13s, radioactive p-nitrophenylserinol, N-acetyl-p-nitrophenylserinol, p-nitrobenzyl alcohol, ...
77 citations
TL;DR: The presence of the hexagonal array of macromolecules on the outer surface of the cell wall of Spirillum serpens VHA required the addition of calcium to an otherwise effective growth medium (vitami...
Abstract: The presence of the hexagonal array of macromolecules on the outer surface of the cell wall of Spirillum serpens VHA required the addition of calcium to an otherwise effective growth medium (vitami
74 citations
TL;DR: Cytochemical and biochemical studies are presented which show that discontinuities within the cell wall are insufficient to account for the release of this periplasmic enzyme and that dissociation by a divalent metal, increased pH, or both is required.
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells grown in the presence of low levels of inorganic phosphate contain an inducible alkaline phosphatase system. The enzyme has been localized by electron microscopic techniques in the region between the cytoplasmic membrane and the tripartite layer of the cell wall, i.e. the periplasmic space. No deposits of lead salts are observed upon examination of either uninduced cells or cells in which the enzyme has been completely removed by 0.2 M magnesium washing. Samples of cells which were treated with glutaraldehyde before enzyme localization studies show cell wall deposition of lead salts which could give rise to the erroneous conclusion that the alkaline phosphatase was located in the tripartite layer. Cytochemical and biochemical studies are presented which show that discontinuities within the cell wall are insufficient to account for the release of this periplasmic enzyme and that dissociation by a divalent metal, increased pH, or both is required. As a consequence of this study ...
68 citations
TL;DR: The glycosides of quercetin added to the medium are readily metabolized, but the aglycone is not, and the sugars are first released by intracellular glycosidases and then the heterocyclic ring of the Aglycone undergoes hydrolytic cleavage.
Abstract: Butyrivibrio sp. C3 degrades rutin anaerobically to yield phloroglucinol, carbon dioxide, 3,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. The sugars are first released by intracellular glycosidases and then the heterocyclic ring of the aglycone undergoes hydrolytic cleavage. The glycosides of quercetin added to the medium are readily metabolized, but the aglycone is not.
TL;DR: It is suggested that populations of these organisms were genetically homogeneous in their salt response, that is, each cell in a population could grow over the whole range of salt concentration in which the culture grew.
Abstract: Cultures of Micrococcus halodenitrificans and Vibrio costicolus can grow in the presence of 0.4–3.5 M NaCl. Three lines of investigation: attempts to select for more or less salt-tolerant cells; co...
TL;DR: Dichloropropionanilide and its biodegradation products 3,4-dichloroaniline and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene; and related chloroanilines and chlorobenzenes were tested for effects on the back of the neck.
Abstract: 3′,4′-Dichloropropionanilide; its biodegradation products 3,4-dichloroaniline and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene; and related chloroaniline and chlorobenzenes were tested for effects on the back m...
TL;DR: It appears that B. thuringiensis spores can remain viable for long periods of time in soil and that the organism can compete successfully under conditions favoring the bacillus component of soil microbial populations.
Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis spores germinated, grew, and sporulated in soils of neutral pH amended with alfalfa or casein. Numbers of viable spores of B. thuringiensis increased 100-fold and more than one million spores/g soil were maintained throughout a 3-month incubation period. B. thuringiensis spores apparently germinated but the resulting vegetative cells did not survive in acid soils amended with alfalfa or casein. It appears that B. thuringiensis spores can remain viable for long periods of time in soil and that the organism can compete successfully under conditions favoring the bacillus component of soil microbial populations.
TL;DR: Radioactivity from L-phenylalanine-carboxyl-14C was incorporated specifically into the carboxyl group of cinnamamide by cultures of Streptomyces verticillatus.
Abstract: Radioactivity from L-phenylalanine-carboxyl-14C was incorporated specifically into the carboxyl group of cinnamamide by cultures of Streptomyces verticillatus. L-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC. 4....
TL;DR: Cylindrotheca fusiformis Reimann & Lewin, a marine littoral pennate diatom, can grow in the dark in media containing an organic substrate.
Abstract: Cylindrotheca fusiformis Reimann & Lewin, a marine littoral pennate diatom, can grow in the dark in media containing an organic substrate. Lactate, succinate, fumarate, malate, Tryptone, Casamino A...
TL;DR: It was found that cooking can eliminate all lactic acid bacteria present in the raw meats but the products become recontaminated during slicing and packaging, and under these conditions, ham is susceptible to putrefaction.
Abstract: The shelf life of vacuum-packed luncheon meats during refrigerated storage was not related to "total" counts since the only organisms that multiplied in this environment were lactic acid bacteria, ...
TL;DR: Cometabolism was used as a technique to accumulate biochemical products in high yield and cells of three bacterial species converted 98% of m-chlorobenzoate, 95% of 2,3,6-trichlorobenzosate, and 93% of the 3,5-dichlorocatechol provided to 4-chlorocatedchol, 3, 5-diclorocate chol, and 2-hydroxy-3,5 -dich chlor
Abstract: Cometabolism was used as a technique to accumulate biochemical products in high yield. As a result of cometabolism, cells of three bacterial species converted 98% of m-chlorobenzoate, 95% of 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoate, and 93% of the 3,5-dichlorocatechol provided to 4-chlorocatechol, 3,5-dichlorocatechol, and 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichloromuconic semialdehyde, respectively.
TL;DR: It was concluded that the enteropathogenic and erythemal activities are due to a single component of sporulated C. perfringens cells, and both activities were eluted as a single fraction on a column of Sephadex G-100.
Abstract: Extracts from sporulated cells of Clostridium perfringens type A, capable of producing diarrhea and fluid accumulation in ligated intestinal loops of rabbits and lambs, also caused erythema in guinea pigs and rabbits when injected intradermally. None of the known toxins of C. perfringens type A contributed significantly to the skin reaction. Both the enteropathogenic and erythemal activities were sensitive to heat, nondialyzable, precipitable with ammonium sulfate, antigenic, and insensitive to treatment with C. perfringens type A antitoxin. The enteropathogenic activities varied widely between three individual strains but showed a direct relationship to their erythemal activities. Both activities were eluted as a single fraction on a column of Sephadex G-100. It was concluded that the enteropathogenic and erythemal activities are due to a single component of sporulated C. perfringens cells.The assay of the enteropathogenic factor by the skin test is rapid, reproducible, accurate, and about 1000 times as ...
TL;DR: Three new species of Herpetosiphon (unbranched, sheathed flexibacteria) are described, with their molar proportions of guanine plus cytosine (GC%).
Abstract: Three new species of Herpetosiphon (unbranched, sheathed flexibacteria) are described, with their molar proportions of guanine plus cytosine (GC%). They were isolated from marine shores: H. persicus (GC% = 52) from Co. Galway, Ireland; H. cohaerens (GC% = 44) from Biarritz, France; and H. nigricans (GC% = 53) from Lagos, Nigeria. A fourth, isolated from orange tufts in a hotspring in Baja California, Mexico, is considered to represent a species hitherto described as a blue-green alga, Phormidium geysericola. Its transfer to the genus Herpetosiphon is recommended accordingly: H.geysericolus nov. comb. (GC% = 48).
TL;DR: A simple agar-plate method for the rapid enumeration and isolation of pectinolytic microorganisms is described.
Abstract: A simple agar-plate method for the rapid enumeration and isolation of pectinolytic microorganisms is described.
TL;DR: This organism is not able to oxidize thiocyanate, but can oxidize elemental sulfur, sulfite, dithionite, thiosulfate, tetrathionate, and sulfide, and all compounds that can be oxidized support CO2 fixation.
Abstract: The characteristics of growth of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans on elemental sulfur are reported. This organism is not able to oxidize thiocyanate, but can oxidize elemental sulfur, sulfite, dithionite, thiosulfate, tetrathionate, and sulfide. Sulfide is only partially oxidized. All compounds that can be oxidized support CO2 fixation.
TL;DR: One hundred and thirty-one strains of nonsaccharolytic and weakly saccharolysis Gram-negative rods recently isolated from clinical specimens were examined with a battery of 74 tests, mostly biochem...
Abstract: One hundred and thirty-one strains of nonsaccharolytic and weakly saccharolytic Gram-negative rods recently isolated from clinical specimens were examined with a battery of 74 tests, mostly biochem...
TL;DR: The synthesis of the nitrogenase system in N2-fixing bacteria is repressed when the organisms are grown on NH4+-N, and it has not been unequivocally determined, however, if N2 is necessary for inductio...
Abstract: The synthesis of the nitrogenase system in N2-fixing bacteria is repressed when the organisms are grown on NH4+-N. It has not been unequivocally determined, however, if N2 is necessary for inductio...
TL;DR: The production of extracellular endopeptidase by Aeromonas proteolytica Merkel et al. was found to be influenced by a number of nutritional factors.
Abstract: In media containing simple nitrogen sources, the highest yields of aminopeptidase were obtained from Aeromonas proteolytica Merkel et al. when the organism was grown in asparagine or sodium nitrate supplemented with glycerol; growth in a medium containing enzymatically hydrolyzed casein, however, produced 10 times more enzyme than that observed with the best simple nitrogen sources. The presence of glycerol (0.4%) in a 0.2% asparagine medium resulted in 2.5 times more enzyme although growth was not similarly stimulated. When acid-hydrolyzed casein was the nitrogen source, aminopeptidase synthesis was about three times greater than that obtained with asparagine and glycerol but only one-third of that observed when enzymatically hydrolyzed casein was used. The production of aminopeptidase was greatly enhanced by the addition of small quantities of peptide mixtures to media containing either acid-hydrolyzed casein or asparagine as the primary nutrient source. The data suggest that the synthesis of aminopepti...
TL;DR: The results suggest that tryptophan stimulates alkaloids production mainly through an increase in activity of the alkaloid-synthesizing enzyme system.
Abstract: Addition of tryptophan to cultures of Claviceps strain HLX 123 caused a large increase in alkaloid production. For maximum effect a supplement of at least 250 mg/l was required within 1 day after i...
TL;DR: The procedure for isolating and purifying free and occluded cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virions was improved and the virions are resistant to the enzymes RNase, DNase, trypsin, chymotryps in, and phospholipase C.
Abstract: The procedure for isolating and purifying free and occluded cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virions was improved. The virions are resistant to the enzymes RNase, DNase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and phospholipase C, and to a detergent, deoxycholate. The use of these enzymes and deoxycholate, in combination with discontinuous and linear sucrose gradients, produced very pure preparations of free virions. Occluded virions were released by dissolving polyhedra in 0.05 M Na2CO3 – 0.04 M NaCl for 60 min at room temperature. The composition of the virion was estimated to be about 28% RNA and 72%protein.
TL;DR: The morphological parameters of the cylindrical gas vacuoles in the blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa, were investigated by quantitative electron microscopy.
Abstract: The morphological parameters of the cylindrical gas vacuoles in the blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa, were investigated by quantitative electron microscopy. The gas vacuoles are made up of a...
TL;DR: It was concluded that fatty acid degradation by β-oxidation constitutes a major catabolic pathway in Leptospira.
Abstract: The oxidation of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by a water isolate and a pathogenic leptospire is reported. Evidence is presented for the existence of an adenosine triphosphate dependent fatty acid activating enzyme in the water isolate, and measurement of the reactions of β-oxidation in cell-free extracts of both strains is described. It was concluded that fatty acid degradation by β-oxidation constitutes a major catabolic pathway in Leptospira.
TL;DR: Data suggest that a reciprocal relationship exists between these two enzymes during synthesis during synthesis in the presence of catabolites, and that glutamate represses both the isozymes of NADP-specific enzyme.
Abstract: The effect of the presence of catabolites in the growth medium on the synthesis of the two glutamate dehydrogenases of Neurospora crassa is reported. It has been demonstrated that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) specific glutamate dehydrogenase is subject to repression by sucrose and glucose. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) specific glutamate dehydrogenase, on the other hand, is induced by increasing concentrations of the catabolite. These data suggest that a reciprocal relationship exists between these two enzymes during synthesis in the presence of catabolites. Growth in higher concentrations of sucrose led to the formation of two isoenzymes of the NADP-specific enzyme; the second or the minor isozyme is not produced at very low catabolite concentrations. The catabolite effects produced by sucrose are overcome by glutamate, if the latter is incorporated into the growth medium. Glutamate represses both the isozymes of NADP-specific enzyme.