Showing papers in "Clinical Psychology Review in 1981"

TL;DR: In the years following the publication of PE Meehl's monograph, our understanding of clinical and statistical prediction has been enriched by both empirical and conceptual analyses The highlights of this period are reviewed with an emphasis on prediction models, in order to illustrate the basic features held in common by these two literatures.

TL;DR: The literature on sex differences in the social stigma associated with mental disorders is reviewed in this paper, where three main patterns are revealed by the literature: men and women express similar feelings and attitudes toward the mentally disordered but they behave in quite different ways toward them.

TL;DR: A review of literature suggests that convergence of patient and therapist belief systems and personalities is associated with improvement and that initial discrepancy among belief systems facilitates convergence as mentioned in this paper, however, the relationship between convergence and improvement is sufficiently complex to disallow firm conclusions at this point.

TL;DR: A review of the neuropsychological literature on the effects of chronic alcohol abuse can be found in this paper, which reveals a relatively consistent pattern of intellectual and adaptive ability deficits associated with alcoholism.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of self-reported anxiety and pain responses is made, and the need for direct comparisons of the two states is emphasized, as well as future research directions are suggested to further clarify the relationship between states.

TL;DR: The Munchausen diagnosis provides no certainty against existing medical problems, either self-induced, iatrogenic, or unrelated to the presenting problem, therefore, careful medical screening is necessary.

TL;DR: Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) as discussed by the authors has been widely used in clinical, counseling, and school psychology programs and has been shown to elicit material regarding attitudes and motivation that is not adequately elicited by other methods.

TL;DR: In this paper, a selective review of theory and research in systematic desensitization over the last two decades is presented, where several models that purport to explain therapeutic desensITization effects are reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, a cognitive and behavioral model for understanding assertive behavior is presented. But, the assumption of the behavioral model regarding the causes of assertive and non-assertive behavior are described, relevant supporting research is examined, and the assumptions are critiqued.

TL;DR: This article examined the conduct disordered child and his/her family and determine how they differed from the "normal" or non-clinic family and found that the parents of the conducted disordered children issued more commands; emitted more negative, but not less positive, behavior toward their children; and perceived their children and themselves as less well adjusted than the parents in the nonclinic group.

TL;DR: The authors described a model of jealousy as an interactional rather than an individual problem and illustrates how faulty attempts to correct jealousy actually exacerbate and maintain the problem, and how the therapist issues directives, fosters compliance and handles the values dimension of jealousy are discussed as important considerations in the treatment of jealousy.

TL;DR: The growth in the numbers of psychologists in U.S. medical schools from only a few individuals in 1910 to the present 2500 of them is reviewed, with speculations on the influence current developments in behavioral medicine and behavioral health may have on the future of medical psychology.

TL;DR: Recommendations are that the most effective approach to the treatment of incest may be multicomponent treatment packages for the abuser or victim, as well as combinations of interventions (e.g., individual therapy for the victim and abuser, marital therapy, and family therapy).

TL;DR: In this article, several different types of punishment are enumerated under the rubrics of aversive stimuli, work and penalty procedures, and removal of reinforcing events, and the primary emphasis of the paper is to describe issues that affect selection and utilization of such treatments.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the uses of imagery within behavioral and cognitive-behavioral clinical interventions and explore the potential for enhancing imagery capabilities for clinical purposes, concluding on a note of cautious optimism about the potential of imagery therapies.

TL;DR: The authors discusses some of the problems associated with research on depression and discusses the relative merits of alternative research methodologies, such as single-case, group, and correlational field designs.

TL;DR: In this paper, a synthesis between the linguistic and social deficits in autism is presented. But the authors focus on the use of sign language as a symptom of the disorder, rather than the social isolation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review examines the use of behavioral procedures with autistic children, focusing on the role of parents as teachers, particularly in the acquisition of language and the importance of language environment for facilitating speech.

TL;DR: A review of the early attempts to classify children and their emotional problems can be found in this article, which covers attempts from about 1925 until 1952 to encompass behaviors from very specific to very general, in research on both nonclinical and clinical children as different investigators tried to put these into a system and develop instruments to assess them.

TL;DR: The rationales, the development, and some data concerning the behavioral relevance of five different measures of dimensions of children's environments are presented in this paper, and each of those techniques is examined relative to a number of psychometric and conceptual issues that must be considered when attempting to identify and measure aspects of environments that are thought to elicit or stimulate socially or clinically important behaviors of children.

TL;DR: Three areas of current interest in clinical neuropsychology are reviewed; qualitative vs. quantitative assessment, the impact of Luria on clinical Neuropsychology, and different approaches to rehabilitation of brain damaged patients.

TL;DR: It is asserted that behavioral technology can be extremely useful in the assessment, treatment, and prevention of various disorders which result in visual impairment and in the rehabilitative process of the visually impaired.

TL;DR: For over 25 years the question of symptom substitution has been the most heatedly contested theoretical point between the behavioral and psychodynamic schools as mentioned in this paper, and the behavioral studies in this area are methodologically and conceptually flawed.

TL;DR: The epidemiology, etiology, and psychological treatment of bruxism are reviewed in this paper, where a methodological critique of treatment studies is also presented, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

TL;DR: Behavior therapy in the United Kingdom was developed largely at the Institute of Psychiatry, London, between 1950 and 1960 as mentioned in this paper, which reflected the Zeitgeist within which that development occurred, both in the definition of behavior therapy given and the structure of the material itself.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate current knowledge regarding the multilevel and reciprocal relations between psychotherapists' professional and marital lives, and propose a model of reciprocal influence which conceptualizes interactive effects among the professional's personal history, vocational life, and marital life.