Showing papers in "Current Opinion in Toxicology in 2022"

TL;DR: Hormesis in photosystem II (PSII) that is observed in appropriately planned studies is a dose or -time -response relationship to a disruption of homeostasis illustrated by U-shaped response curves as mentioned in this paper .

TL;DR: In this paper , a mini-review emphasizes how hormesis may affect species interactions and the broader consequences at the community level to provide further understanding of its eco-evolutionary relevance beyond its short-term practical implications for agriculture production.

TL;DR: A recent review as mentioned in this paper shows that only a minority of papers published on hormesis in plant biology or other sciences apply available statistical modelling of the dose-response relationships, along with significance testing for hormesis and prediction of sub-NOAEL quantities.

TL;DR: Hormesis is a toxicological phenomenon whereby exposures to low doses of stress result in biological stimulation as mentioned in this paper , and it is recognized as a dominant response in toxicology occurring in a wide variety of organisms following exposure to numerous forms of stress.

TL;DR: In this paper , the role of energy source or substrate in microbial hormesis has not attracted enough attention and a review of the recent published studies regarding the hormetic phenomena of exogenous chemicals' effects on microbes under different energy/substrate conditions is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors have discussed how low-dose contaminant exposure may adaptively modify molecular and physiological mechanisms that may lead to organisms better capable of coping with challenging environments, how such responses may be transgenerational, and how thus this issue can no longer be ignored in ecotoxicological studies.

TL;DR: In this paper , a review provides an overview of the most important issues of plant hormesis induced by various low-dose stressors, which include (1) hormesis occurrence, (2) mechanistic foundations of hormesis and their significance to preconditioning, and (3) hormetic transgenerational effects.

TL;DR: In this article , a review summarizes the recent findings regarding radiation hormesis in plants in response to ionising or UV-radiation, and the scheme of possible pathways triggering radiation stimulation response in cells is discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors summarize the highly reproducible occurrence of hormesis induced by various individual and combined chemicals in microorganisms, the hormetic response of bioluminescence, and the hormesis-based drug resistance.

TL;DR: In this article , mild stress induced activation of adaptive and protective pathways in cells and organisms has numerous health-promoting, aging-modulatory and lifespan-extending effects, and moderate and repeated physical exercise is the paradigm for physiological hormesis.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors summarize the recent advancements in low-oxygen hormesis with a focus on severe hypoxia and anoxia, and present a glimpse at the known mechanism of this type of hormesis.

TL;DR: In this paper , the role of bioactive compounds in the context of the hormetic-based lifestyle medicine is discussed, and the dose-response relationship of nutritional hormetins and exercise are non-linear and individual variability was found on the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in human studies.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors summarize recent work linking Cd-mediated damage to epigenetic perturbations, including DNA methylation, and levels of histone modifications, including methylation and acetylation.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors suggest that instead of framing models, mechanisms and indeed radiation protection within a dose framework, we need instead to consider a response framework, which allows factors such as age, sex, nutrition, genetics, epigenetics, and biochemical/biophysical functionality to be considered as determinants of outcome in addition to the physical dose deposition.

TL;DR: In this article , endogenous markers of kidney function have been evaluated and hold promise to elucidate the individual components of renal function that represent filtration, secretion, and reabsorption, which is necessary in elucidating the renal pharmacology of drugs and other substances.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyzed potential molecular mechanisms by which AKG can imitate a state of caloric restriction and stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria.

TL;DR: The use of hormetic strategies can enhance stem-cell performance on multiple key parameters in an integrated manner that has the potential to impact public health, such as exercise that targets muscle stem cells (satellite cells) to prevent or decelerate down age-related fragility, medical applications (preconditioning of stem cells that target damaged tissues, for example, following stroke or heart attack), and the expression and timing of agerelated degenerative processes and diseases as discussed by the authors .

TL;DR: A review of 3D microphysiological systems for kidney nephrotoxicity testing can be found in this article , where the authors find that current research is making significant progress addressing MPS limitations such as throughput and incorporating various regions of the nephron such as the glomerulus.

TL;DR: In this article , the mechanisms of action underlying those beneficial functions remain to be fully elucidated, however, the hormesis-related early events in lipolysis induced by polyphenols have recently been identified.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a component-based approach for cumulative risk assessment of pesticides and non-chemical stressors such as noise or psychosocial stressors, which can modify effects of chemicals.

TL;DR: In this paper , the response of chemicals in a mixture can be predicted employing the perceptions of concentration or dose addition for chemicals with identical mode of action (MOA) and/or common target of effect.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors outline the current state of knowledge regarding the toxic effects of two major classes of flame retardants: brominated flame retardant and organophosphate flame- retardant on the kidney.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss recent advances in nano-encapsulation strategies to circumvent drug-induced kidney injury and targeted nanomedicines to treat kidney diseases, which can be used to effectively introduce drugs into the body where they last long enough to elicit therapeutic action before leaving the system in fragments through the kidney.

TL;DR: In this article , a tiered approach consisting of short term adaptations to current guideline studies and long term transition of chemical safety assessment to a strategy based on human biology using in vitro and in silico methods is proposed.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss the results of current epidemiological and experimental toxicology literature (2016-2022), as well as possible mechanisms of e-cig-induced renal injury.

TL;DR: In this paper , a review of membrane transporters in chronic liver disease (CLD) etiologies is presented, where the authors focus on membrane transporter expression changes in drug metabolizing enzymes.

TL;DR: This paper reviewed recent studies in model and less-traditional organisms that are accelerating mechanistic understanding of these phenomena; they highlight cutting-edge research implicating a role for immune cells, altered cellular metabolism through to exosomes and epigenetics.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss the mechanisms of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and toxicities of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based therapies and make recommendations for future investigations on the safety of ASO drugs.

TL;DR: Low-dose radiation (LDR) is effective at treating severely affected COVID-19 patients, but the invalid linear no-threshold model hinders the full beneficial use of LDR as mentioned in this paper .