Showing papers in "Current Pharmaceutical Analysis in 2011"

A Review on Various Analytical Methods on Some Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists

Abstract: Background: Although initially introduced for the management of hypertension, � l-adrenergic-receptor antagonists (� l- blockers) have become the standard of care for the medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Alpha-blockers (alfuzosin, tamsulosin, doxazosin, prazosin and terazosin) relax the smooth muscles in the prostate and are indicated for the symptomatic treatment of BPH due to evidence of their positive and rapid effect on LUTS. However, these agents have the potential to produce orthostatic hypotension and other blood pressure-related adverse effects in normotensive patients and in those receiving concurrent treatment with other antihyper- tensive agents. As a result, more "uroselective," less vasoactivel-blockers have been developed such as tamsulosin and alfuzosin. Objective: The presented review provides information about the various analytical methods available in the literature to the scientists and health professionals engaged in research relating these drugs such as clinical trials or developing new formulations. Various analytical methods for the estimation of these drugs in bulk or in various matrices like blood, se- rum, plasma, alone or in combination with other drugs is discussed. Methods: Relevant articles were identified through a search of the English-language literature indexed in MEDLINE, PubMed, Sciencedirect and the proceedings of scientific meetings from 1977 to 2010. The search terms were benign esti- mation of alpha one blockers, determination of prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin. Similarly HPLC and Spectroscopy methods for estimation of prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin. Results: Total 57 analytical methods were found. 11 spectrophotometry, 39 chromatographic methods including 2 ESI MS/MS, 1 ESI MS, 2 HPTLC, 3 TLC, 17 HPLC with UV, 9 with fluorescence, 1 with electrochemical detection, 4 with MS detector. Other than this 3 voltametry, 1 method each for radioreceptor assay, polarography, capillary electrophoresis and potentiometry titrations were found. Conclusion: Radioreceptor assay, LC-MS, UPLC-MS methods were found to be the most sensitive for prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin respectively. Likewise, HPLC-MS-MS methods was found as most sensitive method for estimation of tam- sulosin and alfuzosin.

A Validated UPLC Method Used for the Determination of Trandolapril and its Degradation Products as per ICH Guidelines

Abstract: In this present research work, a new stability indicating assay method was developed for the estimation of trandolapril and its degraded products by isocratic reversed phase chromatographic technique using ultra performance liq- uid chromatography. The Study involves a comprehensive stress testing of trandolapril which was carried out according to ICH guideline Q1A (R2). The drug was subjected to acid (0.1M HCl), neutral (water) and alkaline (0.1M NaOH) hydroly- sis at 80oC, as well as the drug was kept at room temperature with H2O2 for oxidative decomposition. Photolysis was car- ried out by exposing this drug into sunlight (60,000-70,000 lux) for 2 days. Additionally, the solid drug was subjected to 50oC for 60 days in a hot air oven for thermal degradation. The results reveal that the degradation products of this drug were found in alkaline medium, acidic conditions and also in neutral hydrolysis. Separation of this drug and its degrada- tion products (from various stress conditions) was successfully achieved on a BEH (bridged ethylene hybrid) C18 column utilizing water-acetonitrile in the ratio of 20:80. The flow rate and the detection wavelength for the analysis were 0.2 mL/min and 215 nm, respectively. The method was validated and the response was found to be linear in this drug concen- tration range of 0.431-2.155 � M/mL (10-50 � g/mL). The mean values (± %RSD) of slope, intercept and correlation coef- ficient were 2674262 (±0.9), 14924 (±1.02) and 0.9999 (±0.08), respectively. The %RSD values for intra- and inter-day precision studies were <1% and <2%, respectively. The recovery of this drug ranged between 98.93-100.18% from a mix- ture of degradation products. The obtained results reveal that the developed method is specific to this drug and selective to the degradation products.

Hepcidin: Biological Activity, Analytical Methods in Biological Fluids, Clinical Applications and Antagonists. A Short Review

Abstract: Hepcidin is a small protein involved in iron metabolism that also exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activities. Since its discovery in 2000 hepcidin has been extensively studied in many research centers. Usage of natural and synthetic hepcidin inhibitors can be applied as a powerful therapeutic tool that targets multiple types of anemia. In addition the pro- tein itself has a potential to placate increased absorption of iron in patients with � -thalassemia. Previous studies have char- acterized mechanisms of hepcidin synthesis as well as its biological activity, however methods enabling estimation of its concentration in biological materials remain obscure. The physiological role of hepcidin in iron metabolism as well as methods of its determination in serum and urine samples are described in this paper. Furthermore, the possible role of hepcidin and its molecular antagonists in health improvement is considered.