Showing papers in "Economic Geography in 1985"
TL;DR: In this article, an adaptive approach to development projects as policy experiments is presented, with a focus on the adaptation of the approach to the development projects of the United States to the needs of developing countries.
Abstract: (1985). Development Projects as Policy Experiments: An Adaptive Approach to Development Administration. Economic Geography: Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 181-183.
375 citations
TL;DR: The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (VDI) as discussed by the authors is a tool for visual display of quantitative information in economic Geography, which can be used to display economic information.
Abstract: (1985). The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Economic Geography: Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 101-104.
157 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a highly detailed data set to compare high-technology industries in their locational orientation and their degree of spin-offs and firm births and found that high technology industries are different from other industries in terms of their spin-off and firm birth rate.
Abstract: High technology industries are thought to be different from other industries in their locational orientation and in their degree of spin-offs and firm births. This study uses a highly detailed data...
143 citations
TL;DR: Using a longitudinal data set from adult residents in Rhode Island, univariate, chi square, and logit analyses indicate associations between sociodemographic characteristics of the elderly and their mobility behavior.
Abstract: Distinctive types of mobility are identified for the elderly, many of whom also move for traditional reasons. Using a longitudinal data set from adult residents in Rhode Island, univariate, chi square, and logit analyses indicate associations between sociodemographic characteristics of the elderly and their mobility behavior. Mobility for assistance reasons is associated with older age, unmarried status, higher previous mobility, and renter status. Mobility in preparation for aging (e.g., to an elderly complex) is more likely for unmarried, previously mobile residents. Out-of-state mobility to amenity destinations is not limited to the elderly, but younger, married, more affluent elderly were more likely to make such moves.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a critical reading of two theoretical paradigms on industry growth, industrial organization, and industrial location is presented, focusing on the behavior of large, multi-establishment enterprises.
Abstract: This paper is a critical reading of two theoretical paradigms on industry growth, industrial organization, and industrial location. One is concerned with the behavior of large, multi-establishment ...
81 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the concepts de la geographie humaine and les concepts de lévy humaine have been proposed to describe the geographies of the world, and they have been applied to economic geography.
Abstract: (1985). Les concepts de la geographie humaine. Economic Geography: Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 185-187.
80 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the growing phenomenon of foreign manufacturing investment in the United States in order to develop an understanding of the factors that draw production to the U.S. market and examine the relationship between these factors.
Abstract: This paper examines the growing phenomenon of foreign manufacturing investment in the United States in order to develop an understanding of the factors that draw production to the U.S. market despi...
46 citations
27 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the role of labor-intensive manufacturing, particularly the textile and apparel industries, in the postwar industrial development of the Southeast and found that these industries could indeed fit into a process of evolutionary change in the Southeast, that they continued to perform a pioneer function, and that this pioneer function led to expansion into less industrialized areas off the Piedmont.
Abstract: This study examines the role of labor-intensive manufacturing, particularly the textile and apparel industries, in the postwar industrial development of the Southeast. It is argued that this role continued to take the form of an early or pioneer involvement in the spread of industrial development, an involvement that has produced important but often overlooked changes in the postwar industrial geography of the area. Correlation matrices were used to examine the position of labor-intensive industry in this evolutionary process and to identify any differences in the types of labor markets sought by the textile and apparel industries that could have affected their pioneer roles. It was found that these industries could indeed be fit into a process of evolutionary change in the Southeast, that they continued to perform a pioneer function, and that this pioneer function led to expansion into less industrialized areas off the Piedmont. The apparel industry led in this expansion.
23 citations
TL;DR: The movement of large multinational firms into the Third World has attracted the attention of scholars interested in locational strategies as mentioned in this paper, examining a case study of one major firm (INCO).
Abstract: The movement of large multinational firms into the Third World has attracted the attention of scholars interested in locational strategies. This paper examines a case study of one major firm (INCO)...
TL;DR: The authors found that there was a relationship between growth and the degree to which each area was diversified in 1978, and that the strength of the relationship had increased since 1971, and attributed to a better response to a more diversified national demand for its goods and services, especially in the tertiary sector.
Abstract: The growth and decentralization of the American economy during the 1970s was accompanied by an increasing divergence in structure between core and periphery as to the degree to which either was specialized or diversified. A diversified economy was defined as one in which the relationship that exists between the sizes of its sectors is closer to equality than what is true for a specialized one. When this concept was applied to income data for 183 B.E.A. economic areas, it was found that there was a relationship between growth and the degree to which each area was diversified in 1978, and that the strength of the relationship had increased since 1971. The high growth periphery was becoming more diversified while the low growth core was becoming more specialized. Increasing peripheral diversification was attributed to a better response to a more diversified national demand for its goods and services, especially in the tertiary sector. In addition, nowhere was manufacturing developing into the large, integrated industrial complexes so typical of the core. The result was the development of a post-industrial economy that had acquired a degree of diversity in its structure such that it could no longer be described with a sector name.
TL;DR: The prior appropriation doctrine has come under criticism for impeding both the efficient allocation of water and the adoption of water conservation improvements as mentioned in this paper, and there are several opportunities for evolutionary reform of the appropriation doctrine in Colorado: more precise definition of key property rights concepts (such as beneficial use, waste and duty of water); improved public administration (e.g., in record-keeping and analysis of water use patterns); and organizational adjustments to reduce transaction costs and strategic behavior.
Abstract: The prior appropriation doctrine has come under criticism for impeding both the efficient allocation of water and the adoption of water conservation improvements. Analysis of water rights statutes and case law revealed the following opportunities for evolutionary reform of the appropriation doctrine in Colorado: more precise definition of key property rights concepts (such as beneficial use, waste and duty of water); improved public administration (e.g., in record-keeping and analysis of water use patterns); and organizational adjustments to reduce transaction costs and strategic behavior. Integration of vested rights with the concept of maximum beneficial use will depend upon such creative adjustments in public and private institutions for water management. 32 references, 3 figures, 4 tables.
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of site and situation characteristics on land use succession and conversion is examined at a micro-level, and the authors provide a microlevel examination of the impact on land usage succession.
Abstract: This study provides a micro-level examination of the impact of site and situation characteristics on land use succession and conversion. Land use shifts between eight economic activities were assoc...
TL;DR: The authors examined the relative importance of the socioeconomic characteristics of rice farmers and access to information vis-a-vis structural and institutional factors on the adoption of new high-yielding varieties of rice.
Abstract: Prototypes of Green Revolution varieties of rice have diffused widely but unevenly in major rice-producing regions of Guyana since imported strains were first introduced in the late 1960s as part of Guyana's rice modernization program. This paper examined the relative importance of the socioeconomic characteristics of rice farmers and access to information vis-a-vis structural and institutional factors on the adoption of new high-yielding varieties of rice. Analysis of farm level data revealed that the latter set of factors provided a more satisfactory explanation of adoption pattern. Four principal but inter-related factors were of particular importance: frequency of crop failures (quality of water control), amount of purchased inputs, access to machinery, and access to drainage and irrigation canals. Where physical infrastructure was selectively mandated by government there appeared to be a clear relationship between risk levels and adoption. High-yielding hybrids were perceived as the best investment in irrigated areas where risk levels were minimized by a more effective system of drainage and irrigation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the legal regime of the arctic, including national and international legal frameworks that govern arctic resource development, environmental policy and socioeconomic issues, focusing on the political and economic considerations of LNG transport in icebound waterways, risk and safety assessment for arctic offshore projects, drilling systems for the ar Arctic, including island, steel, and concrete structures, and icebreaking technology.
Abstract: Topics covered include: legal regime of the arctic, including national and international legal frameworks that govern arctic resource development; environmental policy and socio-economic issues, focusing on the political and economic considerations of LNG transport in icebound waterways; risk and safety assessment for arctic offshore projects, drilling systems for the arctic; arctic offshore technology, including island, steel, and concrete structures; icebreaking technology, focusing on the current state of the art and indicating future research areas; arctic oceanography, summarizing characteristics of ice from field experiments pertaining to the design of structures, ships, and pipelines; arctic seismic exploration, detailing signal processes for underwater communication in the context of arctic geology and geophysics; ice morphology, providing information about ice shapes, particularly critical to the determination of overall strength of ice masses; remote sensing; modeling of arctic ice fields, including information about the design and construction of offshore facilities in polar areas; and engineering properties of ice, providing theoretical and experimental studies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare a distribution of rural health care facilities proposed by the government of Sierra Leone against a distribution that is achieved through location-allocation planning, and show that rural development planning would be more successful if a shift is made from the administrative network to a careful analysis of the actual distribution of the target population for a particular service.
Abstract: Rural Development Planning in Less Developed Countries, especially in Africa, has followed a pattern since colonial times that concentrates public service facilities in urban administrative centers. In many of these countries most of the population lives in rural areas. Public facility location at urban administrative centers may therefore have associated social welfare costs. There is a need to explore the possibility of locating public services at centers that are more accessible to a wider population. The analysis in this study compares a distribution of rural health care facilities proposed by the government of Sierra Leone against a distribution that is achieved through location-allocation planning. The results show that rural development planning would be more successful if a shift is made from the administrative network to a careful analysis of the actual distribution of the target population for a particular service.
TL;DR: The introduction of the tractor, binder, seedling, transplanter, and rice combine in the paddy fields of Japan during the 1960s and 1970s brought to an end the last vestiges of traditional rice pro...
Abstract: The introduction of the tractor, binder, seedling, transplanter, and rice combine in the paddy fields of Japan during the 1960s and 1970s brought to an end the last vestiges of traditional rice pro...
TL;DR: In this article, the early 1970s was a period of economic stagflation and policy innovation, and national wage-price controls sought to dampen inflation as circumstances rapidly changed and the resulting regional patterns of income, during and after these controls, were quite distinct and different.
Abstract: The early 1970s was a period of economic stagflation and policy innovation. National wage-price controls sought to dampen inflation as circumstances rapidly changed. The resulting regional patterns of income, during and after these controls, were quite distinct and different. An interpretation of these patterns is proposed focusing upon the spatial differentiation of production, and especially the consequent spatial division of labor. Regional-industrial specific variables including employment composition and capital intensity are shown to have been closely correlated with patterns of regional real income.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an empirical framework for testing a welfare change measure by considering the following problem: a public agency is faced with the decision of how to maximize public welfare fr
Abstract: This paper provides an empirical framework for testing a welfare change measure by considering the following problem: a public agency is faced with the decision of how to maximize public welfare fr...
TL;DR: Agricultural growth has been considered as the chief source of rural development, but recently alternative strategies have focused upon industrial development as mentioned in this paper. This new thrust has taken the form of...
Abstract: Agricultural growth has been considered as the chief source of rural development, but recently alternative strategies have focused upon industrial development. This new thrust has taken the form of...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the Soviet Union's railroad freight rate structure and described the changes which have occurred in it through the years, concluding that the current rate schedule largely conforms with western notions on freight rates and is determined by many of the same factors, although shipping cost remains of paramount importance.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the Soviet Union's railroad freight rate structure and describes the changes which have occurred in it through the years. The current rate schedule largely conforms with western notions on freight rates and is determined by many of the same factors, although shipping cost remains of paramount importance. Also, the rate structure no longer specifically favors longer hauls, particular regions, or individual commodities as much as it did in the past.
TL;DR: The New Reality of Municipal Finance examines the growth and decline of fiscal dependency in the large cities of the United States as mentioned in this paper and reveals the health level of each city; how each will be able to deal with the New Federalism; and how future public services and capital facility infrastructure will be provided in the intergovernmental city.
Abstract: The New Reality of Municipal Finance examines the growth and decline of fiscal dependency in the large cities of the United States. Intergovernmental cities became dependent upon a variety of revenues, primarily from federal and state governments, to support an array of local public services that were basic to the needs of their citizens. This study based upon two years of work explores the socioeconomic characteristics of these cities and details the changes they have undergone given the drastic shifts in national domestic spending. The authors reveal the health level of each city; how each will be able to deal with the New Federalism; and how future public services and capital facility infrastructure will be provided in the intergovernmental city.